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المؤلفون: Christina M. Luberto, Rachel S. Wasson, Meera Murthi, Susan Blocksom McDonald, Harini Pallerla, Sian Cotton, Brenna K Novak
المصدر: Global Advances in Health and Medicine
Global Advances in Health and Medicine, Vol 9 (2020)مصطلحات موضوعية: Stress reduction, 050103 clinical psychology, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, unemployment, Mindfulness, mindfulness, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), media_common.quotation_subject, MBSR, Health outcomes, Mindfulness-based stress reduction, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, media_common, Community based, lcsh:R5-920, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, 05 social sciences, lcsh:RA1-1270, General Medicine, under-resourced, Unemployment, Original Article, Psychology, lcsh:Medicine (General), underemployed, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
الوصف: Background Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) often improves health outcomes, though literature primarily focuses on middle-class, employed individuals. With an estimated average of six million unemployed over the past year, and the recent uptick in unemployment due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to identify methods to mitigate and reduce the negative health outcomes often associated with under- and unemployment. Objectives We aimed to 1) outline the process of partnering with a community organization to implement a modified MBSR program for under- and unemployed individuals, and 2) present pilot data on preliminary results. Methods The modified MBSR program was implemented in two phases within a job training program for under- and unemployed individuals. In Phase I, group one received an eight-week program. Based on feedback, the MBSR program was reduced to six weeks and implemented for groups two and three (Phase II). Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated utilizing a mixed-methods approach. Changes in mindfulness, perceived stress, pain interference, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbance were assessed pre-post the modified MBSR program. Results Thirty-three participants completed the program with twenty-nine post-survey responses. The modified MBSR program was feasible and acceptable as evidenced by the enrollment rate (96%), retention rate (72%), and qualitative feedback. Fifty-percent of participants self-reported weekly home practice compliance. Perceived stress and mindfulness demonstrated significant moderate improvements ( d = .69, p = .005; d = .46, p = .001). Depression, anxiety, and pain interference results suggested small non-significant effect size improvements ( d = .27, p = .19; d = .23, p = .31; d = .25, p = .07). Effects on fatigue and sleep disturbance were negligible. Conclusion The modified MBSR program was feasible and acceptable to the organization and participants. Small to moderate improvements in mental health and pain interference outcomes were observed. Research using larger sample sizes and randomized designs is warranted.
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المصدر: Teaching and Learning in Medicine. 28:219-228
مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, 050103 clinical psychology, Students, Medical, Mindfulness, 020205 medical informatics, Mind–body problem, media_common.quotation_subject, education, Pilot Projects, 02 engineering and technology, Absorption (psychology), Education, Young Adult, Skills training, Perception, Adaptation, Psychological, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Young adult, media_common, 05 social sciences, General Medicine, Distress, Treatment Outcome, Female, Psychology, Stress, Psychological, Psychopathology, Clinical psychology
الوصف: Medical students face rigorous and stressful work environments, resulting in high rates of psychological distress. However, there has been a dearth of empirical work aimed at modifying risk factors for psychopathology among this at-risk group. Distress tolerance, defined as the ability to withstand emotional distress, is one factor that may be important in promoting psychological well-being in medical students. Thus, the aim of the current mixed-methods study was (a) to describe changes in facets of distress tolerance (i.e., emotional tolerance, absorption, appraisal, regulation) for medical students who completed a mind-body skills training group, and a no-intervention control group of students; (b) to examine the relationship between changes in psychological variables and changes in distress tolerance; and (c) to report students' perceptions of the mind-body group, with an emphasis on how the group may have affected personal and professional functioning due to improvements in distress tolerance.The mind-body program was an 11-week, 2-hour skills training group that focused on introducing, practicing, and processing mind-body skills such as biofeedback, guided imagery, relaxation, several forms of meditation (e.g., mindfulness), breathing exercises, and autogenic training.Participants were 52 first- and second-year medical students (62.7% female, Mage = 23.45, SD = 1.51) who participated in a mind-body group or a no-intervention control group and completed self-report measures before and after the 11-week period.Students in the mind-body group showed a modest improvement in all distress tolerance subscales over time (ΔM = .42-.53, p = .01-.03, d = .44-.53), whereas the control group showed less consistent changes across most subscales (ΔM = .11-.42, p = .10-.65, d = .01-.42). Students in the mind-body group qualitatively reported an improved ability to tolerate affective distress. Overall, improvements in psychological symptoms were associated with improvements in distress tolerance in the mind-body group but not in the control group.These preliminary findings provide support for the notion that improving distress tolerance through mind-body skills training might serve to protect medical students from becoming functionally impaired by psychological distress. Thus, implementing mind-body skills training into medical school education may help to improve the psychological well-being of medical students. Future studies utilizing more methodologically rigorous designs are warranted.
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المصدر: Journal of Religion and Health. 53:604-613
مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Religion and Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Urban Population, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), Article, Midwestern United States, Interviews as Topic, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intervention (counseling), Spirituality, medicine, Humans, Qualitative Research, General Nursing, media_common, Asthma, Physician-Patient Relations, Public health, Religion and Medicine, Religious studies, Patient Preference, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Prayer, Religion, Adolescent Behavior, Female, Thematic analysis, Psychology, Qualitative research, Clinical psychology
الوصف: This qualitative study examined the preferences of urban adolescents with asthma for including religious/spiritual (R/S) inquiry in a variety of hypothetical clinical encounters. Twenty-one urban adolescents (M age = 15.6 years, 52 % female, 81 % African American) with asthma participated in a semi-structured interview. Interviews were transcribed and underwent a thematic analysis. R/S preferences were contextual rather than personal, driven by: (1) acuity of the hypothetical clinical context; (2) nature of the patient–provider relationship; and (3) level of R/S intervention/inquiry. Most adolescents welcomed prayer if near death, but did not see the relevance of R/S in a routine office visit.
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المؤلفون: Gary L. McPhail, Daniel H. Grossoehme, Sian Cotton
المصدر: Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy. 19:22-32
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Complementary Therapies, Male, Parents, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Adolescent, Cystic Fibrosis, media_common.quotation_subject, Faith healing, Alternative medicine, Pastoral Care, Article, Young Adult, Nursing, Professional-Family Relations, Pastoral care, Humans, Medicine, Child, Qualitative Research, media_common, Modalities, business.industry, Religious studies, Cognitive reframing, Middle Aged, Prayer, Clinical Psychology, Child, Preschool, Family medicine, Female, business, Faith Healing, Aromatherapy, Qualitative research
الوصف: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, including spiritual modalities, is common in pediatric chronic diseases. However, few users discuss CAM treatments with their child's physician. Semi-structured interviews of 25 parents of children who have cystic fibrosis (CF) were completed. Primary themes were identified by thematic analyses. Most parents (19/25) used at least one CAM modality with their child. Only two reported discussing CAM use with their child's pulmonologist. Most reported prayer as helpful (81%) and multi-faceted, including individual and group prayer; using aromatherapy or scented candles as an adjunct for relaxation; and the child's sleeping with a blessed prayer. Parents ascribed sacred significance to natural oral supplements. CAM use is relevant to the majority of participating parents of children under age 13 with CF. Chaplains can play a significant role by reframing prayer's integration into chronic disease care, co-creating rituals with pediatric patients, and mediating conversations between parents and providers.
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المؤلفون: Hedy S. Wald, Jamie S. Padmore, Sian Cotton, Aviad Haramati, Peggy A. Weissinger
المصدر: Medical Teacher. 39:671-672
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medical education, 020205 medical informatics, media_common.quotation_subject, MEDLINE, Empathy, 02 engineering and technology, General Medicine, Burnout, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Costs and Cost Analysis, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychology, media_common
الوصف: Dear SirWe thank Drs. van Venrooij and Barnhoorn for their thoughtful comments. Certainly, we agree that the first step to addressing the issue of medical student burnout is to “acknowledge the pro...
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المؤلفون: Jamie S. Padmore, Sian Cotton, Hedy S. Wald, Peggy A. Weissinger, Aviad Haramati
المصدر: Medical Teacher. 39:118-119
مصطلحات موضوعية: 020205 medical informatics, Best practice, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological intervention, Empathy, 02 engineering and technology, Burnout, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Burnout, Professional, Curriculum, media_common, Medical education, General Medicine, Congresses as Topic, Certainty, Well-being, Psychological resilience, Psychology, Stress, Psychological
الوصف: The high prevalence of physician burnout is of great concern and may begin with observed declines in empathy and increases in stress and burnout in medical and health professions students. While underlying causes have been described, there is less certainty on how to create effective interventions in curricula and workplace. In October 2015, The Center for Innovation and Leadership in Education (CENTILE) at Georgetown University, together with MedStar Health, Georgetown's clinical partner, and six academic institutions sponsored a conference in Washington, DC. The goal was to discuss the current state of stress and burnout in the health professions, and to share best practices on strategies to promote resilience, empathy and well-being in students, residents, faculty and practitioners across health professions. In this issue of Medical Teacher, three articles address pertinent themes of the conference. Maslach and Leiter provide insights into burnout and strategies to alleviate it. Ekman and Krasner discuss various types of empathy and how neuroscience can be used to effectively cultivate empathy. In the third paper, Kreitzer and Klatt highlight three successful curricular interventions that foster self-awareness and boost resilience. Ultimately, effective strategies will be needed to address this issue at both the individual and organizational levels.
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المؤلفون: Daniel H. Grossoehme, C. Jeffrey Jacobson, Michael Seid, Rhonda VanDyke, Judith R. Ragsdale, Sian Cotton
المصدر: Mental Health, Religion & Culture. 14:423-432
مصطلحات موضوعية: Coping (psychology), Hospital setting, media_common.quotation_subject, Stressor, Cognition, Prayer, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Chapel, Psychology, Social psychology, computer, computer.programming_language, media_common
الوصف: Hospitalised children represent a threatened future to parents. Such stressors call forth people's coping styles. Some individuals cope religiously or spiritually, and religious coping through prayer may be utilised. A sample of prayers written in a paediatric hospital chapel was coded by styles of religious coping evident within them. Styles associated with coping to gain control of their situation and with coping by seeking comfort from God were present. Seeking to cope for gaining control of a situation was more common than seeking comfort from God during the event. Written prayers did not contain evidence of coping by making meaning. Regression analysis showed that the probability of writing a prayer to gain control decreased over time and a trend towards increasing probability of writing a prayer expressing coping by seeking God's comfort. Clinical implications are discussed. Future research should include a larger sample and cognitive interviews with prayer writers.
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المؤلفون: Daniel H. Grossoehme, Sian Cotton, Meghan E. McGrady
المصدر: Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 58:244-249
مصطلحات موضوعية: Coping (psychology), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Follow up studies, Hematology, Disease, Prayer, Higher Power, Blood cancer, Oncology, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Spirituality, Medicine, business, media_common, Qualitative research, Clinical psychology
الوصف: Background While adolescents and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) have reported using religion to cope with SCD, there is no data examining religious coping in young children with SCD. The purpose of this qualitative study was to: (1) describe the types of religious coping used by children with SCD; (2) describe the content and frequency of prayer used in relation to SCD; and (3) examine how children viewed God/Higher Power in relation to their SCD. Procedure Children with SCD participated in a semi-structured interview and an art drawing exercise focused on the use of general coping and religious coping. Interviews were coded, organized, and analyzed using a template organizational style of interpretation and NVivo 8.0 qualitative software. Results Of the 19 participants, the average age was 8.05 years (SD ±1.81); 11 were female (58%); all (100%) were African-American and 9 (47%) were Protestant. Children used religion to gain control, make meaning, and find comfort. Most children reported praying to get well, to keep from getting sick, and to get out of the hospital. Children described a functional God who made them take their medicine or took them to the hospital and an emotional God who made them happy and comforted them when they were sad or scared. Conclusions These children with SCD reported using religion to help cope with the illness. Providers should be aware of the importance of religion to many of these children and integrate religion, as appropriate, into discussions about coping with SCD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 244–249. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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المؤلفون: Jerren C. Weekes, Michael S. Yi, Meghan E. McGrady, Kenneth I. Pargament, Susan L. Rosenthal, Joel Tsevat, Sian Cotton, Yvonne Humenay Roberts, Paul A. Succop
المصدر: Journal of Religion and Health. 51:118-131
مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Religion and Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Urban Population, media_common.quotation_subject, Ethnic group, Article, Interviews as Topic, Religiosity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Spirituality, medicine, Humans, General Nursing, Asthma, media_common, Medical setting, Public health, Religious studies, Mean age, General Medicine, medicine.disease, United States, Prayer, Female, Psychology, Attitude to Health, Clinical psychology
الوصف: Predictors of multiple dimensions of spirituality/religiosity (S/R) and adolescents' preferences for having S/R (e.g., prayer) addressed in hypothetical medical settings were assessed in a sample of urban adolescents with asthma. Of the 151 adolescents (mean age = 15.8, 60% female, 85% African-American), 81% said that they were religious and spiritual, 58% attended religious services in the past month, and 49% prayed daily. In multivariable models, African-American race/ethnicity and having a religious preference were associated with higher levels of S/R (R (2) = 0.07-0.25, P .05). Adolescents' preferences for including S/R in the medical setting increased with the severity of the clinical situation (P .05).
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المؤلفون: Michael S. Yi, Sian Cotton, Meghan E. McGrady, Janelle Hines, Yvonne Humenay Roberts, Susan L. Rosenthal, Joel Tsevat, Daniel H. Grossoehme
المصدر: Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology. 31:313-318
مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Religion and Psychology, Coping (psychology), Forgiveness, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychology, Adolescent, Pilot Projects, Anemia, Sickle Cell, Article, Religiosity, Young Adult, Adaptation, Psychological, Belief in God, Spirituality, Humans, Medicine, Young adult, Child, media_common, business.industry, Data Collection, Religion and Medicine, Attendance, Hematology, Prayer, Oncology, Chronic Disease, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business, Clinical psychology
الوصف: Religious/spiritual (R/S) coping has been associated with health outcomes in chronically ill adults; however, little is known about how adolescents use R/S to cope with a chronic illness such as sickle cell disease (SCD). Using a mixed method approach (quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews), we examined R/S coping, spirituality, and health-related quality of life in 48 adolescents with SCD and 42 parents of adolescents with SCD. Adolescents reported high rates of religious attendance and belief in God, prayed often, and had high levels of spirituality (e.g., finding meaning/peace in their lives and deriving comfort from faith). Thirty-five percent of adolescents reported praying once or more a day for symptom management. The most common positive R/S coping strategies used by adolescents were: “Asked forgiveness for my sins” (73% of surveys) and “Sought God’s love and care” (73% of surveys). Most parents used R/S coping strategies to cope with their child’s illness. R/S coping was not significantly associated with HRQOL (p = NS). R/S coping, particularly prayer, was relevant for adolescents with SCD and their parents. Future studies should assess adolescents’ preferences for discussing R/S in the medical setting and whether R/S coping is related to HRQOL in larger samples.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d2c0e49739ac09569478cb3c20e018be
https://doi.org/10.1097/mph.0b013e31819e40e3
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