المؤلفون: Singh, Nripendra Pratap, Kamboj, Madan Lal

المصدر: Animal Bioscience; Jun2024, Vol. 37 Issue 6, p1121-1129, 9p

مصطلحات موضوعية: WATER buffalo, MILK yield, TROPICAL conditions, PHYSIOLOGY, ENTHALPY, CALVES

مستخلص: Objective: Objective of the study was to reduce heat stress in Murrah buffaloes and maintain their milk production and other vital functions during heat stress. Methods: A total of 21 dyads of calf-mother Murrah buffalo were selected for the study and equally divided in 3 treatment groups. First treatment group was restricted calf contact (RCC), second treatment group was fence line calf contact (FCC) and third treatment groups fence line calf contact and heat stress protection (FCC-HSP [time-controlled fan-fogger system] in the shed). Present study was conducted from April to mid-September 2021. Results: Maximum temperature and temperature humidity index in FCC-HSP shed were significantly (p<0.05) lower than that in FCC and RCC shed. Higher (p<0.05) mean daily milk yield in both the treatment groups FCC (10.36±0.30) and FCC-HSP (10.97±0.31) than RCC (8.29±0.41) was recorded. Though no significant difference between FCC and FCC-HSP in daily milk yield but FCC-HSP yielded 600 gm more milk than FCC. Pulse rate (PR) and respiration rate (RR) were lowest in FCC-HSP followed by FCC and RCC, respectively. Cortisol and prolactin levels were lower (p<0.05) in FCC-HSP followed by FCC and RCC, respectively. Conclusion: Hence, FCC along with heat stress ameliorative measures helped the buffaloes to be free of stress and maintain milk yield during heat stress period of the year in tropical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Ley-de Coss, Alejandro, Solís-Vázquez, Agustín, Zambrano-Castillo, Beatriz, Bran Reynerio, Adrián A., Montañez-Valdez, Oziel D., Guerra-Medina, Cándido E.

المصدر: Agro Productividad; abr2024, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p11-17, 7p

مصطلحات موضوعية: CALCIUM salts, MINERAL supplements, COWS, TROPICAL conditions, PRODUCTION increases, MILK yield, DAIRY farming, GRAZING

مستخلص: Objective: To evaluate milk production, body condition and ethological behavior of grazing cows supplemented with chelated minerals and calcium salts, in dry tropical conditions. Design/methodology/approach: Two treatments were evaluated, T1=Base feeding (grazing+4 kg of concentrated feed cow^-1 day^-1 (CF); T2=CF+300 g cow^-1 day^-1 of nucleus (chelated minerals+calcium salts) (N). Milk production data were evaluated during 32 days in four periods of seven days, the body condition at the beginning, 15 and 30 days after the evaluation, and the ethological behavior of the cows. Results: In cows supplemented with nucelus, milk production increased 19.9% (P≤0.05); body condition improved 0.5 units, there was no difference in grazing time (P>0.05) and rumination time was longer (P≤0.05). Limitations on study/implications: The response to reproductive variables was not assessed in this study/ reproductive activity is likely to improve in response to improved body condition. Findings/conclusions: By supplementing dual-purpose cows in the first third of lactation with chelated minerals and calcium salts, milk production increases, and body condition and rumination time improve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Gurgel, Antonio Leandro Chaves, Santos, Geraldo Tadeu dos, Ítavo, Luís Carlos Vinhas, Ítavo, Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira, Difante, Gelson dos Santos, Dias, Alexandre Menezes, Longhini, Vanessa Zirondi, Dias-Silva, Tairon Pannunzio, de Araújo, Marcos Jácome, Neto, João Virgínio Emerenciano, Fernandes, Patrick Bezerra, Chay-Canul, Alfonso Juventino

المصدر: Agriculture; Basel; Jul2023, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p1446, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: DRY matter in animal nutrition, MILKFAT, MILK yield, TROPICAL conditions, STANDARD deviations, MATHEMATICAL models, DAIRY cattle

مصطلحات جغرافية: BRAZIL

مستخلص: This study aimed to create an equation to predict dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production and N-ureic in the milk of dairy cows managed in tropical conditions in Brazil. We used 113 observations from three experiments using lactating Jersey, Girolando, and Holstein cows. The goodness of fit of the developed equations was evaluated using the coefficients of determination (r²) and root mean square error (RMSE). There was a positive correlation between body weight and milk yield (MY) of r = 0.73. The equation considered DMI to be the most important variable to estimate the MY (r² = 0.65). Four equations were adjusted to estimate the DMI, where, by a stepwise procedure, the first variable included in the equation was the neutral detergent fibre intake, which explained 92% of the DMI of the cows. However, when the variables BW, MY, and milk fat were included in the equation, there was a reduction of 0.06 in RMSE and an increase in precision (r² = 0.94). The nutrient intake, milk production, and characteristics prediction equations present satisfactory precision and accuracy for dairy cows managed in tropical conditions in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Guesine, Giovane Debs, Silveira, Robson Mateus Freitas, da Silva, Iran José Oliveira

المصدر: International Journal of Biometeorology; Jun2023, Vol. 67 Issue 6, p1003-1015, 13p

مصطلحات موضوعية: TROPICAL conditions, COWS, BARNS, DAIRY cattle, ANIMAL behavior, MILK yield, COMPOSTING

مستخلص: The compost barn is presented as a system which is capable of providing a suitable environment for dairy cows, but this must be assessed for different climatic regions. Few studies have been carried out evaluating the physics of the thermal environment of this system under tropical conditions. In this study, we evaluated thermoregulatory, behavioral, and productive responses and physical integrity in primiparous and multiparous cows housed in a compost barn system under tropical conditions. From a total of 121 clinically healthy dairy cows aged 3 to 6 years, 30 Girolando cows (7/8) were randomly selected, divided into two groups, according to calving order (primiparous and multiparous), body weight, lactation curve and milk production for the evaluations. Thus, group 1 (primiparous) with an average weight of 524 kg and production of 30 kg was characterized, and group 2 (multiparous) with an average weight and production of 635 kg and 36 kg, respectively. The enthalpy was higher (P < 0.05) in the internal environment of the shed at the three evaluated times (3:30 a.m., 11:30 a.m., and 6:30 p.m.), but the humidity did not vary (P > 0.05) between the internal and external environments at the evaluated times. Respiratory rate was higher (P < 0.0001) in multiparous cows at 11:30 a.m., but was similar at 3:30 a.m. and 6:30 p.m. when compared with primiparous cows. The coat surface temperature was higher (P < 0.001) at 3:30 a.m., but similar at the other two times. For the variables lameness and dirtiness, the vast majority of animals presented scores considered adequate (1 and 2), indicating that it was able to provide an ideal physical environment. Regarding animal behavior, panting (O) and lying idle (OD) were higher (P < 0.05) in multiparous cows. Multiparous cows have higher (P < 0.0001) milk production. Milk production has a negative correlation with enthalpy. The CB system was not able to provide a suitable thermal environment for the animals. Multiparous cows present higher heat stress with change in behavioral responses, especially at midday, but with higher milk production when compared to primiparous cows in compost barn under tropical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Behera, Rajalaxmi, Mandal, Ajoy, Rai, Saroj, Karunakaran, M., Mondal, Mohan, Ghosh, M. K.

المصدر: Indian Journal of Animal Research; Nov2022, Vol. 56 Issue 11, p1422-1427, 6p

مصطلحات موضوعية: DAIRY cattle, GENOTYPE-environment interaction, MILK yield, TROPICAL conditions, MILK industry, HUMIDITY

مستخلص: Background: Genotype environment interaction plays vital role in animal productivity. Heat stress is one of the major environmental stressor affecting milk production and measured in terms of temperature humidity index (THI). Indian milk industry largely depends on crossbred cows bearing different degree of exotic inheritance. Thus, the role of genotype (genetic group) of the crossbred cows and environment (THI) interaction plays vital role in Indian climate which is mostly tropical in nature. Therefore, study was undertaken to examine the existence of genetic group x THI in crossbred dairy cows reared at institute herd of ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kalyani, West Bengal. Methods: A total of 12364 records each of monthly milk yield (MMY) and average daily milk yield in a month (AMY) of crossbred cows spanned over twenty two years (1994-2015) and weather parameters (temperature and relative humidity) for the corresponding years were collected from institute records. The data were classified into 8 genetic groups according to the genetic composition and 3 THI groups (THI <72, THI 72-78 and THI above 78). The interaction model was used to study the GxE interaction study using least squares analysis. Result: Effect of non-genetic factors (parity, period of calving and stage of lactation) was found to be highly significant (P<0.01) and genetic group x THI was significant (P<0.05) of on both MMY and AMY. Genetic group bearing 50% Jersey and 50% Red Sindhi or Tharparkar were the most heat tolerant breeds. Jersey crossbred cows were more heat tolerant than Holstein crossbred cows. Crossbred cows with 50% Jersey inheritance performed better than higher Jersey inheritance during periods of THI above 72. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Alternate Title: Alternativas de análisis estadístico para la validación de parámetros hemáticos en ganado lechero bajo condiciones tropicales. (Spanish)

المؤلفون: Campos, Rómulo, Vélez, Mauricio, García, Katherine, Correa, Adriana, Lizeth Ordoñez, Angela

المصدر: Revista de Ciencias Agricolas; 2022 Special Isuue, Vol. 39, p21-34, 14p

مصطلحات موضوعية: TROPICAL conditions, STATISTICS, MILK yield, BLOOD collection, DAIRY cattle, NEUTROPHILS, BREEDING

Abstract (English): The hematic parameters of cows selected for milk production in grazing under tropic conditions were analyzed based on six experimental studies. The major objective was to determine statistical analysis alternatives that could be used in the study of physiological, environmental or genetic variations. The parameters analyzed were hematocrit, hemoglobin concentrations and counts of polymorphonuclear cells (i.e., eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes). Initially 972 data from adult cows with productions considered medium-high in the context of local dairy production were analyzed. After the information decanting process, 415 records were used. These data corresponded to a sampling period from 30 days before calving to day 105 postpartum, with determinations made fortnightly. Blood collection was made every two weeks and each moment was defined as a period. Different analytical techniques were applied in searching to extract the best information from the data and that could be reused in the future. The best type of analysis corresponded to the Random Forest (RF) technique, clustering, and analysis of variance. The effect of an indicator of energy metabolism (non-esterified fatty acids - NEFA), an indicator of protein metabolism (total protein - TP) of 10 collection periods, three breed groups and three types of nutritional management given to the animals on the blood variables were analyzed. Multivariate correlation and machine learning methods were used to extract information from the data. Results indicated that hematological behavior change throughout close up dry cow, transition period and first phase of lactation. No high direct or inverse correlation were found among variables. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels can be estimated from variables associated with metabolic indicators and blood components. Further studies are required to elucidate the hematic behavior of dairy cows during the transition period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (Spanish): A partir de seis trabajos experimentales se analizó la información correspondiente a los parámetros hemáticos de vacas seleccionadas para producción lechera y que pastan en condiciones de trópico bajo, con el objetivo de visualizar alternativas de análisis estadísticos que pudieran ser empleados en el estudio de variaciones fisiológicas, ambientales o genéticas. Los parámetros analizados fueron hematocrito, concentración de hemoglobina y las determinaciones celulares de polimorfonucleares: eosinófilos, basófilos, neutrófilos y linfocitos. En total se analizaron 972 datos provenientes de vacas adultas con producciones consideradas como medio - altas en el contexto de la producción lechera local. Luego del proceso de decantación de información se emplearon 415 registros, correspondientes a un periodo muestral desde 30 días antes del parto hasta el día 105 posparto, con determinaciones realizadas quincenalmente, cada momento de colecta sanguínea fue denominado como periodo. Se aplicaron diferentes técnicas analíticas buscando extraer la mejor información proveniente de los datos y que pudiera ser replicada en futuros análisis. Se analizó el efecto de un indicador del metabolismo energético (ácidos grasos no esterificados - NEFA), un indicador del metabolismo proteico (proteínas totales -PT-), de diez periodos de colecta, de tres grupos raciales y de tres tipos de manejo nutricional dado a los animales sobre las variables hemáticas. Se encontró efecto del periodo de colecta de la muestra. El mejor tipo de análisis correspondió a la técnica de Random Forest (RF), agrupamiento por cluster y análisis de varianza. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Stefani, Gabriela, Santana Júnior, Mário Luiz, El Faro, Lenira, Tonhati, Humberto

المصدر: Journal of Animal Breeding & Genetics; Mar2022, Vol. 139 Issue 2, p215-230, 16p

مصطلحات موضوعية: GENOTYPE-environment interaction, MILK yield, LACTATION, YIELD stress, GENETIC correlations, PSYCHOLOGICAL distress, TROPICAL conditions

مستخلص: The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of heat stress on the milk yield and investigate the presence of genotype × environment interaction (G × E) in Brazilian Murrah buffaloes reared under tropical conditions. With this, 58,070 test‐day (TD) records for milk yield from 3,459 first lactations of buffaloes collected between 1987 and 2018 were evaluated. A mixed model considering days in milk (DIM) and temperature–humidity index (THI) was applied to quantify milk yield losses due to heat stress. The most detrimental effect of THI on TD milk yield was observed in the mid‐stages of lactation, after lactation peak, in DIM 105–154 and 155–204 days (−0.020 and −0.015 kg/day per THI, respectively). The least‐squares means of TD milk yield were used to identify a heat stress threshold using a piecewise linear regression model. A substantial reduction in TD milk yield due to heat stress was observed for THI values above 77.8 (−0.251 kg/day per increase of 1 THI unit). An analysis using a single‐trait random regression animal model was carried out to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for TD milk yield over THI and DIM values. Increased additive genetic variance and heritability estimates were observed for extreme THI values (THI = 60 and 80) combined with mid‐lactation stages. The lowest genetic correlation (0.50) was observed between TD records at opposite extremes of the THI scale (THI = 60 vs. THI = 80). The genetic trends observed for the regression coefficients related to the general level of production (0.02) and specific ability to respond to heat stress (−0.002) indicated that selection to increase milk yield did not affect the specific ability to respond to heat stress until the present moment. These trends reflect the low genetic correlation between these components (0.05 ± 0.14). In this sense, monitoring trends of genetic components related to response to heat stress is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Mandal, Dilip Kumar, Bhakat, C., Dutta, T. K.

المصدر: International Journal of Biometeorology; Dec2021, Vol. 65 Issue 12, p1999-2009, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: TROPICAL conditions, MILK yield, DAIRY cattle, LIVESTOCK farms, BODY temperature, ANIMAL herds

مستخلص: Environmental stressors such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, photoperiod, etc. under tropical conditions are some of the important limiting factors for optimum expression of production and reproduction in dairy cows. The present study evaluated changes in cardinal physiological responses, heat tolerance indices, and milk yield in Jersey crossbred cows due to abiotic stress. Climograph was developed using daily maximum and minimum temperatures, humidity, and rainfall at livestock farm over a period of 15 years. Seasons significantly (P < 0.01) influenced cardinal physiological responses and thermal adaptability of Jersey crossbred cows. Diurnal environmental variations between morning and afternoon of the shed caused increase in body temperature, pulse, and respiration rate by 0.59–0.91%, 4.95–7.18%, and 9.73–32.37%, respectively. Thermal adaptability of cows showed significant (P < 0.01) higher deviations from perfect state of adaptability during summer, monsoon, and post-monsoon as compared to winter and spring seasons. The responsiveness and ranking of cows were dissimilar among 3 heat tolerance indices, viz., Iberia heat tolerance index, Benezara's coefficient of adaptability, and Dairy Search Index (DSI). Enhanced respiration rate was the most important observable bio-indicator to poor thermal adaptability. Good thermo-tolerant cows had 8.86% higher (P < 0.05) monthly milk yield per cow than poorly adapted ones. Findings of this study suggest that deviations in cardinal physiological responses across the seasons are very reliable and simple estimates for evaluating levels of thermo-tolerance in crossbred cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Triwutanon, Supawit, Rukkwamsuk, Theera

المصدر: Journal of Advanced Veterinary & Animal Research; Sep2021, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p378-387, 10p

مصطلحات موضوعية: DAIRY cattle, TROPICAL climate, PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of heat, TROPICAL conditions, MILK yield, DAIRY farming

مصطلحات جغرافية: THAILAND

مستخلص: This review attempted to explain factors associated with negative energy balance (NEB) occurring during the periparturient period in dairy cows raised under tropical climatic conditions. The NEB has long been proven as an inevitable event in periparturient dairy cows. This condition had negative effects on the overall performances of dairy cows, including milk production, reproduction, and health condition. Therefore, periparturient management to overcome the NEB problem is vital for optimizing profit in dairy farming. In most tropical countries such as Thailand, dairy cows have been predominantly kept by small-holder farmers. Consequently, baseline milk yields, feed availability, feeding management, and general farming practices are different from typical commercial dairy farming. Heat stress also plays a crucial role in NEB conditions, and elevated temperature-humidity indexes above-normal conditions are recorded throughout the year. These factors influence the NEB in tropical dairy cows, which could result in different outcomes and consequences. Understanding the affecting components of NEB in dairy cows would help alleviate the severity of the NEB and its consequences, optimizing the dairy cow's performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Contreras-Correa, Zully E., Arick, Mark A., Sánchez-Rodríguez, Héctor L., Lemley, Caleb O.

المصدر: Journal of Animal Science; 2023 Supplement, Vol. 101, p552-552, 1p

مصطلحات موضوعية: HOLSTEIN-Friesian cattle, MAMMARY glands, TROPICAL conditions, GENE expression, CATTLE, MILK yield, PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of cold temperatures

مستخلص: In lactating dairy cows, heat stress reduces feed intake, alters the metabolism of the animal, and compromises milk production. Holstein cattle carrying the prolactin receptor gene mutation (SLICK) have been shown to have superior performance under tropical conditions by exhibiting increased milk yield compared with wild-type haired Holstein cattle (WT). Recent research indicated that SLICK cattle have greater mammary gland blood flow and lower vaginal temperatures, while maintaining prolonged voluntary exposure to direct solar radiation than their WT counterparts. Nevertheless, differences in molecular mechanisms between genotypes at the mammary gland level have been unexplored. The objective of the current study was to investigate possible differences in the mammary gland transcriptome from SLICK (n = 7) and WT (n = 6) Puerto Rican Holstein cattle. At 160 ± 3 days in milk (DIM), ultrasound guided mammary biopsies were collected from the left rear quarter of each animal and samples were snap frozen. Unstranded RNA-seq libraries were created from the frozen mammary tissue and sequenced using Illumina Novaseq 2x150bp. Quantification of expression was done by salmon [v1.9.0] using the Bos taurus (ARS UCD1.3) transcriptome database. Testing for significant differential expression (DE) was done using a pipeline consisting of the R packages tximport [v1.26.1] and edgeR [v3.40.2]. The fry method from edgeR was used to do gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and Gene Ontology (GO) terms. A single gene (GeneID:513329, major allergen Equ c 1 isoform X2) showed significant (B.H. adjusted P-value = 0.05) differential expression. Aligning the protein sequence for this gene using the BLASTp against the non-redundant (NR) database revealed high similarity to two pheromones, salivary lipocalin 2 and salivary lipocalin-like. Both the KEGG pathway and GO term GSEA showed no statistically significant enrichment at B.H. adjusted P-value = 0.05; however, using a less stringent criteria with a normal P-value = 0.05, multiple relevant pathways were identified. For example, the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the arachidonic acid metabolism pathway (bta00590) was enriched, and the tight junction function pathway (bta4530) was depleted in the SLICK Holstein samples. Among the GO analysis, genes were found to be downregulated in response to cold (GO:0009409), hair follicle development (GO:0001942), and vasoconstriction (GO:0042310), whereas positive regulation of oxytocin production (GO:0140668), and defense response to Gram-positive bacterium (GO:0050830) were upregulated. In conclusion, differences in gene expression were limited, but after enrichment interesting pathways were revealed and deserve further exploration to aid in elucidating different molecular mechanisms between SLICK and WT cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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