المؤلفون: Rana, Santosh Kumar, Rana, Hum Kala, Landis, Jacob B., Kuang, Tianhui, Chen, Juntong, Wang, Hengchang, Deng, Tao, Davis, Charles C., Sun, Hang

المصدر: Journal of Integrative Plant Biology; Jun2024, Vol. 66 Issue 6, p1192-1205, 14p

مصطلحات موضوعية: VICARIANCE, GENETIC speciation, PLEISTOCENE Epoch, CLIMATE change, SPECIES diversity, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY

مستخلص: The mountains of Southwest China comprise a significant large mountain range and biodiversity hotspot imperiled by global climate change. The high species diversity in this mountain system has long been attributed to a complex set of factors, and recent large‐scale macroevolutionary investigations have placed a broad timeline on plant diversification that stretches from 10 million years ago (Mya) to the present. Despite our increasing understanding of the temporal mode of speciation, finer‐scale population‐level investigations are lacking to better refine these temporal trends and illuminate the abiotic and biotic influences of cryptic speciation. This is largely due to the dearth of organismal sampling among closely related species and populations, spanning the incredible size and topological heterogeneity of this region. Our study dives into these evolutionary dynamics of speciation using genomic and eco‐morphological data of Stellera chamaejasme L. We identified four previously unrecognized cryptic species having indistinct morphological traits and large metapopulation of evolving lineages, suggesting a more recent diversification (~2.67–0.90 Mya), largely influenced by Pleistocene glaciation and biotic factors. These factors likely influenced allopatric speciation and advocated cyclical warming–cooling episodes along elevational gradients during the Pleistocene. The study refines the evolutionary timeline to be much younger than previously implicated and raises the concern that projected future warming may influence the alpine species diversity, necessitating increased conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Williams, Trevor J, Shiozawa, Dennis K, Johnson, Jerald B

المصدر: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society; May2024, Vol. 142 Issue 1, p121-136, 16p

مصطلحات موضوعية: BIOTIC communities, PLEISTOCENE Epoch, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, GENETIC variation, GENE flow, SPECIES diversity, FRESHWATER biodiversity

مستخلص: Dispersal is one of the major processes controlling both genetic diversity and species diversity and is frequently studied in both phylogeography and community ecology. As such, integrating these fields to uncover how both historical and contemporary dispersal have affected local community structure can provide greater insights into community assembly. We used comparative phylogeography to determine if freshwater fish species in the Bonneville Basin show evidence of geologically recent dispersal and gene flow, which would probably have occurred when the basin was inundated by Lake Bonneville in the late Pleistocene. We then used museum records to uncover patterns of contemporary community structure and relate them to the results of the phylogeographical analyses. We found evidence for late Pleistocene dispersal throughout the Bonneville Basin in most of the fish species studied, which would have homogenized ancient communities. However, modern communities show evidence of non-random community structure and dispersal limitation between major sub-basins and habitats. Together, these results suggest that the Bonneville Basin fish fauna assembled due to a combination of historical dispersal and contemporary habitat filtering and extinction dynamics following isolation. Further work should continue to combine different data types to achieve more accurate inferences regarding contemporary community assembly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Freilij, Damián, Vilardi, Juan César, Gómez-Cendra, Paula

المصدر: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society; May2024, Vol. 142 Issue 1, p21-37, 17p

مصطلحات موضوعية: ANASTREPHA, LAST Glacial Maximum, PLEISTOCENE Epoch, FRUIT flies, GENETIC variation

مستخلص: The Anastrepha fraterculus complex (AF complex) is a complex of fruit fly species consisting of eight morphotypes distributed across the Americas. In this study, landscape genetics, phylogeographical inferences and coalescence simulations were used to unveil the evolutionary history of the AF complex. Nuclear ribosomal ITS1 sequences from 331 samples distributed in 10 American countries throughout 32 ecoregions and seven biomes were analysed. Results showed high levels of diversity, intraspecific divergence and structuring associated with the different morphotypes of the complex. The analysis of gene flow and genetic diversity showed a clear geographical and environmental pattern. The morphotype–environment association suggested that the cryptic divergence process has involved local adaptation as a mechanism to withstand harsh, novel or variable conditions. The analysis showed a rapid divergence between morphotypes. Haplotypes have been diverging for ~27 000 years before the present, probably enhanced by environmental changes during the Last Glacial Maximum. Diversity estimators and neutrality tests revealed that populations have been experiencing a recent linear growth, starting in the Early Holocene (~11 500 years before the present). The Bayesian phylogeographical and ecological clustering approach detected five spatially separated and ecologically differentiated clusters. Additionally, equatorial Amazonia was indicated to be the most probable ancestral centre of origin for the AF complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Dong, Jingjing, Yi, Xiangui, Wang, Xianrong, Li, Meng, Chen, Xiangzhen, Gao, Shucheng, Fu, Wenyi, Qian, Siyu, Zeng, Xinglin, Yun, Yingke

المصدر: Plants (2223-7747); Apr2024, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p974, 19p

مصطلحات موضوعية: CHLOROPLAST DNA, QUATERNARY Period, GERMPLASM, PRUNUS, PLEISTOCENE Epoch, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, GENETIC variation

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: Prunus conradinae (subgenus Cerasus, Rosaceae) is a significant germplasm resource of wild cherry blossom in China. To ensure the comprehensiveness of this study, we used a large sample size (12 populations comprising 244 individuals) which involved the fresh leaves of P. conradinae in Eastern, Central, and Southwestern China. We combined morphological and molecular evidence (three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequences and one nuclear DNA (nr DNA) sequence) to examine the population of P. conradinae variation and differentiation. Our results revealed that Central, East, and Southwest China are important regions for the conservation of P. conradinae to ensure adequate germplasm resources in the future. We also found support for a new variant, P. conradinae var. rubrum. We observed high genetic diversity within P. conradinae (haplotype diversity [Hd] = 0.830; ribotype diversity [Rd] = 0.798), with novel genetic variation and a distinct genealogical structure among populations. There was genetic variation among populations and phylogeographic structure among populations and three geographical groups (Central, East, and Southwest China). The genetic differentiation coefficient was the lowest in the Southwest region and the gene exchange was obvious, while the differentiation was obvious in Central China. In the three geographic groups, we identified two distinct lineages: an East China lineage (Central China and East China) and a Southwest China lineage ((Central China and Southwest China) and East China). These two lineages originated approximately 4.38 million years ago (Mya) in the early Pliocene due to geographic isolation. P. conradinae expanded from Central China to East China at 3.32 Mya (95% HPD: 1.12–5.17 Mya) in the Pliocene. The population of P. conradinae spread from East China to Southwest China, and the differentiation time was 2.17 Mya (95% (HPD: 0.47–4.54 Mya), suggesting that the population of P. conradinae differentiated first in Central and East China. The population of P. conradinae experienced differentiation from Central China to Southwest China around 1.10 Mya (95% HPD: 0.11–2.85 Mya) during the early Pleistocene of the Quaternary period. The southeastern region of East China, near Mount Wuyi, likely serves as a refuge for P. conradinae. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for the classification, identification, conservation, and exploitation of germplasm resources of P. conradinae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Riccieri, Alessandra, Spagoni, Lucrezia, Bologna, Marco A

المصدر: Insect Systematics & Diversity; Mar2024, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p1-18, 18p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, ENDEMIC species, PLIOCENE-Pleistocene boundary, ITALIAN history, BEETLES, CLIMATE change, STAPHYLINIDAE, ECHINOCOCCUS granulosus

مصطلحات جغرافية: ITALY, SPAIN

مستخلص: The Italian geographic region is characterized by complex and diversified biogeographic patterns and is represented by a high number of endemic species. Endemic species characterized by a limited distribution range should be a primary concern in conservation. This article aimed to investigate the phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of 2 Italian endemic species of the wingless blister beetle genus Meloe Linnaeus, 1758: Meloe (Eurymeloe) apenninicus and Meloe (E.) baudii. Our inferences, based on morphological characters, 2 mitochondrial (16S and COI) and 2 nuclear (CAD and 28S) markers and the use of 3 species delimitation analyses approaches, pointed out the presence of a new Italian endemic species (M. (E.) digiuliorum sp. n.), here described, and 3 different patterns of phylogenetic and biogeographic affinities. M. digiuliorum is close to the Spanish endemic M. orobates comb. n. , revealing a possible fragmentation of the ancestor range in the Pleistocene (ca. 0.84 Mya) followed by isolation in Italy and Spain. M. apenninicus is the sister species of the European-Anatolian M. rugous and M. cfr. rugosus , and this pattern originated around the Plio-Pleistocene boundary (ca. 2.83 Mya) likely influenced by the climatic fluctuations and the presence of the Alpine barrier. Finally, 2 subspecies were referred to M. baudii : the nominal one, endemic to Italy, and the Turanian-E European M. b. glazunovi stat. n. , disclosing a third more recent (ca. 0.64 Mya) pattern of biogeographic disjunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Bukowski, Belén, Campagna, Leonardo, Rodríguez‐Cajarville, María José, Cabanne, Gustavo S., Tubaro, Pablo L., Lijtmaer, Darío A.

المصدر: Journal of Biogeography; Feb2024, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p199-214, 16p

مصطلحات موضوعية: BIRD habitats, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, GLACIATION, GENE flow, PLEISTOCENE Epoch, SUBSPECIES

مصطلحات جغرافية: PATAGONIA (Argentina & Chile), ARGENTINA

Abstract (English): Aim: The Neotropics constitute the most biodiverse region of the world, yet its patterns of diversification and speciation differ among Neotropical areas and are not equally well understood. Particularly, avian evolutionary processes are understudied in the open habitats of temperate South America, where the role of glacial cycles is not clear. We analysed the evolutionary history of a Neotropical widespread bird species as a case study to evaluate its continental‐scale patterns and processes of diversification, with a focus on Patagonia. Location: Open habitats of the Neotropics. Taxon: Vanellus chilensis (Aves, Charadriiformes). Methods: We obtained reduced representation genomic and mitochondrial data from the four subspecies of V. chilensis to perform a phylogenetic/phylogeographical analysis and study the evolutionary history of the species. We complemented these analyses with the study of vocalizations, a reproductive signal in birds. Results: The initial diversification event within V. chilensis, approximately 600,000 years ago, split a Patagonian lineage from one containing individuals from the rest of the Neotropics. We found considerable gene flow between these two lineages and a contact zone in northern Patagonia, and showed that genomic admixture extends to northwestern Argentina. Shallower divergence was detected between the two non‐Patagonian subspecies, which are separated by the Amazon River. Vocalizations were significantly different between the two main lineages and were intermediate in their temporal and frequency characteristics in the contact zone. Main Conclusions: Patagonian populations of V. chilensis are clearly differentiated from those of the rest of the Neotropics, possibly as a consequence of Pleistocene glaciations. A secondary contact zone in northern Patagonia with extensive gene flow among lineages appears to be the consequence of post‐glacial, northward expansion of the Patagonian populations. Future analyses focused on the dynamics of the contact zone will allow us to establish whether the species continues to diverge or is homogenizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (Spanish): Resumen: Objetivo: El Neotrópico constituye la región más biodiversa del mundo pero sus patrones de diversificación y especiación difieren entre distintas áreas neotropicales y no son igualmente bien entendidos. En particular, los procesos evolutivos de las aves han sido poco estudiados en los ambientes abiertos de las zonas templadas de América del Sur, donde el rol de los ciclos glaciales no es del todo claro. Analizamos la historia evolutiva de una especie de ave neotropical de amplia distribución geográfica como caso de estudio, para evaluar sus patrones y procesos de diversificación a escala continental en el Neotrópico, enfocándonos en la Patagonia. Localidad: Ambientes abiertos del Neotrópico. Taxón: Vanellus chilensis (Aves, Charadriiformes). Metodología: Obtuvimos una representación reducida de datos genómicos y datos mitocondriales de las cuatro subespecies de V. chilensis para realizar análisis filogenéticos/filogeográficos y estudiar la historia evolutiva de la especie. Complementamos estos análisis con el estudio de las vocalizaciones, una señal reproductiva en las aves. Resultados: El evento de diversificación inicial dentro de V. chilensis, hace aproximadamente 600.000 años, separó un linaje Patagónico de uno que contenía individuos del resto del Neotrópico. Encontramos un considerable flujo génico entre estos dos linajes y una zona de contacto en el norte de la Patagonia, y mostramos que el contenido genómico mixto se extiende al noroeste de la Argentina. Se detectó una divergencia menor entre las dos subespecies no patagónicas, que están separadas por el Río Amazonas. Las vocalizaciones fueron significativamente diferentes entre los dos linajes principales y presentaron valores intermedios en sus características temporales y de frecuencia en la zona de contacto. Conclusiones Principales: Las poblaciones patagónicas de V. chilensis están claramente diferenciadas de aquellas del resto del Neotrópico, posiblemente como consecuencia de las glaciaciones pleistocénicas. La presencia de una zona de contacto secundario en el norte de la Patagonia con un extenso flujo génico entre linajes parece deberse a la expansión post‐glacial de las poblaciones patagónicas hacia el norte. Análisis futuros enfocados en la dinámica de la zona de contacto nos permitirán establecer si la especie continúa divergiendo o se está homogeneizando. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Marske, Katharine A., Boyer, Sarah L.

المصدر: Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand; Feb2024, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p8-29, 22p

مصطلحات موضوعية: LAST Glacial Maximum, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, BIOTIC communities, GLACIATION, NEW Zealand history, PLEISTOCENE Epoch

مصطلحات جغرافية: NEW Zealand

مستخلص: We review the major phylogeographic patterns in Aotearoa New Zealand's terrestrial flora and fauna that have been associated with the Ōtira Glaciation of the Pleistocene, the end of which coincides with the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We focus on (1) the complexity of biogeographic histories of New Zealand species, with LGM-driven phenomena overlaying the impacts of mountain-building and other drivers of phylogeographic structure; (2) the locations of glacial refugia and sets of taxa which may have shared refugia; and (3) the role of glaciation in driving diversification. We end with a brief focus on the next directions, including what can we learn about New Zealand's glacial history by expanding our phylogeographic toolbox to include genomic methods and hypothesis-driven inference methods. We provide follow-up questions which take advantage of the wealth of phylogeographic data for New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Watanabe, Nana, Arai, Kohsaku, Otsubo, Makoto, Toda, Mamoru, Tominaga, Atsushi, Chiyonobu, Shun, Sato, Tokiyuki, Ikeda, Tadahiro, Takahashi, Akio, Ota, Hidetoshi, Iryu, Yasufumi^{Aff1, IDs4064502300567x_cor11}

المصدر: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science. 10(1)

المؤلفون: Bocalini, Fernanda, Bolívar‐Leguizamón, Sergio D., Silveira, Luís F., Bravo, Gustavo A.

المصدر: Molecular Ecology; Dec2023, Vol. 32 Issue 24, p6874-6895, 22p

مصطلحات موضوعية: TROPICAL forests, COLONIZATION (Ecology), PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, HUMAN migration patterns, GENE flow, RAIN forests, PLEISTOCENE Epoch

مستخلص: An open and dry vegetation belt separates Amazonia (AM) and the Atlantic Forest (AF). Evidence from palaeoclimatic and phylogenetic studies suggests past connections between these forests during cycles of increased humidity through the formation of forest corridors. The distinctive northern AF avifauna is known to have affinities both with AM and the southern AF. Still, the extent of how these two regions contributed to the assemblage of this avifauna remains poorly understood. Using historical demographic analyses and comparative phylogeography based on sub‐genomic genetic sampling, we assessed how past connections between AM and AF led to shared vicariance and colonization events in four avian AF endemic taxa. Our results supported the occurrence of humid forest corridors promoting the contact between AF and AM populations and suggested two vicariant events and two colonization events from AF to AM. Population divergences were mostly non‐synchronous and occurred multiple times during the Pleistocene. Historical gene flow was prevalent across study groups, supporting migration flows after the initial separation between AM and AF – a pattern previously unknown in birds between these regions. Idiosyncratic histories and divergent demographic syndromes suggest that organisms' responses to climate‐driven habitat shifts broadly depend on their ecological attributes. This study strengthened our knowledge of past connections between AM and AF and provided demographic scenarios amenable for testing in other groups of co‐distributed organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Olgun Karacan, G.

المصدر: Russian Journal of Genetics; 2023 Suppl1, Vol. 59, p53-60, 8p

مصطلحات موضوعية: APODEMUS, CYTOCHROME b, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, GLACIATION, GENETIC variation, PLEISTOCENE Epoch

مصطلحات جغرافية: TURKEY, IRAN

مستخلص: This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and relationships among Apodemus mystacinus lineages by analyzing mitochondrial Cytochrome b sequences. The study included samples from Iranand south east Turkey (Hakkari and Şırnak), in addition to previously studied populations. The results showed differences in the relationships among lineages and the structure of the phylogenetic tree compared to previous studies. A. m. mystacinus lineage, represented by samples from southwest Anatolia and Crete, was located at the base of the tree. The Iranian specimens were clustered with the southeastern specimens of Turkey in a separate lineage, indicating a possible refugium for A. mystacinus populations during glacial periods. The study also suggested that the expansion of A. mystacinus into Anatolia and neighboring regions during the Pleistocene facilitated its colonization of the Aegean islands. The differentiation between A. m. euxinus lineage and the south east Anatolia-Iran lineage may have resulted from the ancestral population in eastern Turkey diverging into two different lineages with one expanding its range towards the Black Sea and the other migrating towards the Zagros Mountains in Iran. These findings contribute to the understanding of the evolutionary history and phylogeography of A. mystacinus in its main range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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