المؤلفون: Mahfouz, Eman Mohamed, Sameh Mohammed, Eman, Alkilany, Shaza Fadel, Abdel Rahman, Tarek Ahmed

المصدر: Public Health Nutrition; Aug2022, Vol. 25 Issue 8, p2179-2187, 9p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PRESCHOOL children, FOOD consumption, STUNTED growth, RURAL children, FOOD habits, NUTRITION education, MALNUTRITION

مصطلحات جغرافية: EGYPT

مستخلص: Objective: Linear growth is controlled by several factors, malnutrition is one of the leading causes of stunted child growth. The objective of this study was to determine the dietary intakes associated with stunting among pre-school children in rural Upper Egypt. Design: Community-based cross-sectional study Setting: Data were collected by interviewing the children's caregivers in the rural household setting. Participants: The study included 497 pre-school children aged 2–5 years in rural Upper Egypt. Food intake data were estimated using 24-h recall method. Anthropometric measurements of children were taken and then converted to z-scores for weight-for-age Z-score, height-for-age Z-score and weight-for-height Z-score. Results: The study included 497 children of which 19·1 % were stunted, 76·3 % did not meet recommended energetic intake and 13·7 % did not meet recommended protein intake and this was significantly higher than non-stunted children. Children who were stunted significantly consumed poultry, eggs and fruits less often than non-stunted children, by regression; male sex (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1·91), mother's age (0·93), lower socio-economic status (SES); and not meeting recommended protein intake (aOR = 2·26) were found to be associated with stunting. Conclusion: Male sex, younger mothers, lower SES and not meeting recommended energy and protein were statistically associated with stunting. Nutrition education messages encouraging adequate and healthy eating are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Ghosh, Atanu, Bisai, Samiran, Gupta, Shoummo Sen, Nath, Runa, Chakraborty, Sanchita

المصدر: Antrocom: Online Journal of Anthropology; 2022, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p159-169, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: HAND washing, NUTRITIONAL status, RURAL children, CAREGIVERS, CHILD nutrition, LOGISTIC regression analysis, MOTHER-child relationship, PRESCHOOL children

مصطلحات جغرافية: INDIA

مستخلص: A mother's knowledge about dietary diversity is the key component for providing a highquality diet to her children. However, there is a dearth of literature to assess a mother's knowledge about dietary diversity and its impact on the nutritional status of children. Therefore, an attempt was made in this study to understand a mother's knowledge on dietary diversity and her hygienic practices on the nutritional status of under-five children. This cross-sectional community based study was conducted in rural West Bengal, India. Data was collected using Android-based ODK data collection tools and analysed using WHO Anthro and SPSS (version 25) software. Frequency distribution, bi-variate cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression analysis were performed. 31% of children found underweight, 41.4% stunted and 17% wasted. About 37% of mothers knew about minimum dietary diversity and 24% used to wash their hands with soap and water before feeding their children. A mother's knowledge on dietary diversity was significantly associated with lower odds of being underweight (AOR:0.34), stunted (AOR:0.49) and wasted (AOR:0.33). Other significant predictors were a mother's educational attainment, knowledge on the symptoms of malnourishment and the habit of handwashing. The findings of this study reinforce the importance of enhancing a mothers' knowledge on child nutrition, dietary diversity and hygienic practices to improve the nutritional status of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Cuong, Do Hong, Tam, Vu Van, Tinh, Hoang Quy, Do, Le Thanh, Nghia, Nguyen Trong, Anh, Hoang Cong

المصدر: Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry; 5/30/2022, p1-6, 6p

مصطلحات موضوعية: RURAL children, DENTAL caries, PRESCHOOL children, RURAL geography, NUTRITION, DENTAL hygiene, CHILD nutrition

مصطلحات جغرافية: VIETNAM

الشركة/الكيان: WORLD Health Organization

مستخلص: The study aims to examine correlations between nutrition status with different factors and dental caries of preschool children in rural areas of Vietnam. A big data based on a total of 690 children (356 boys and 334 girls), aged 2–5 years, living in Van Xuan commune, were thoroughly analyzed. Oral examinations were performed by dentists with the assistance of nursery teachers and the research team. Caries was diagnosed using criteria established by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). The examined children and their parents responded to questions pertaining to dental hygiene practices. The nutrition status of preschool children was determined by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards in 2006. There are factors which have effects on the malnutrition status of children in the research. The prevalence of dental caries also contributed importantly to assess children's development. In this study, the stunting groups have a higher ratio of caries compared to the others. Children's morphology and nutritional status are associated with dental caries among the preschool children in Van Xuan commune, Vinh Tuong district, Vinh Phuc province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Rajapakse, Shashanka, Amarasiri, Lakmali, Yasaratne, Duminda, Warnasekara, Janith, Agampodi, Suneth

المصدر: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics; Apr2022, Vol. 68 Issue 2, p1-10, 10p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PRESCHOOL children, ALLERGIC rhinitis, RURAL children, RURAL geography, DEW point, JUVENILE diseases, CROSS-sectional method, RHINITIS, ACTIVITIES of daily living, QUALITY of life, DISEASE prevalence

مصطلحات جغرافية: SRI Lanka

مستخلص: Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common chronic childhood disease with a low diagnosis rate, causing poor quality of life, absenteeism, decreased school performance and significant healthcare cost. However, data on the prevalence of allergic rhinitis is sparse in preschoolers of rural geography, especially in developing countries.Aim: To describe the epidemiology of allergic rhinitis in preschoolers from a rural geography of a developing country.Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Anuradhapura district, Sri Lanka using the WHO-30 cluster methodology with probability proportionate to size sampling. The International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood questionnaire was used to assess symptomatology.Results: The response rate was 91.8%, with 548 (51.7%) male and 512 (48.3%) female participants. The mean age was 4.4 (± 0.7) years. Allergic rhinitis was reported in 123 (11.6%; 95% CI 9.7-13.5), and eye symptoms were reported in 41 (3.9%; 95% CI 2.8-5.2) children. Activities of daily living were disturbed due to nasal symptoms in 113 (10.7%; 95% CI 8.8-12.5). Allergic rhinitis was independently associated with severe asthma (OR 6.26; 95% CI 3.54-11.06), sleeping on the floor (OR 4.79; 95% CI 1.33-17.25) and having cats in the households (OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.18-2.91). Nasal symptoms were more common in January and August to October months. The standardized local highest monthly temperature, lowest monthly temperature, highest monthly humidity and dew point strongly predicted allergic rhinitis symptom exacerbation (F=4.8, p=0.036, adjusted R square=57.8%, VIF≤2.259, DW=2.1).Conclusions: Allergic rhinitis affects 1 in 10 preschool children of rural Sri Lanka. The factors associated and environmental factor model developed to predict symptom exacerbation could be used to prevent allergic rhinitis exacerbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Ugwunna, Nwachukwu Chinedu, Ede, Moses Onyemaechi, Okeke, Chinedu Ifedi, Onuorah, Adaorah Rapuluchukwu

المصدر: Journal of Community Psychology; Apr2022, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p1470-1480, 11p, 5 Charts

مصطلحات موضوعية: PRESCHOOL children, RURAL children, HELMINTHIASIS, CAREGIVERS, IRON deficiency anemia

مصطلحات جغرافية: NIGERIA

مستخلص: Helminthiasis causes iron deficiency anemia, pica, growth, and mental retardation in children. Deworming exercises are being included as part of various interventional programs to reduce the disease burden. However, the success or failure of such activities in terms of household caregivers' knowledge and practice of deworming is not usually adequately evaluated, thus this study. This was a cross‐sectional descriptive study carried out in the rural community of Enugu State, Nigeria. Pretested semi‐structured interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used. Inferential statistics, χ2 test, and t‐test were also used in the analysis for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. A total of 294 preschool children and 250 caregivers were studied. Among the caregivers, 212 (71.9%) had good knowledge and 149 (50.5%) had good practice of deworming. There was a statistically significant association between the age of respondents and knowledge score (χ2 = 6.471, p = 0.039) and between the educational level of respondents and practice score (χ2 = 30.632, p < 0.001). Most respondents in the rural community had a good knowledge of worm infestation and only half had good practice of deworming. Also, there was a significant difference between the age of respondents and knowledge of helminthiasis and between the educational level of respondents and deworming activities of respondents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Dinkel, Danae, Rech, John P., Guo, Yage, Bice, Matthew, Hulse, Emily, Behrends, Donnia, Burger, Christina, Dev, Dipti

المصدر: Early Childhood Education Journal; Mar2022, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p481-491, 11p, 5 Charts

مصطلحات موضوعية: RURAL children, PHYSICAL activity, CHILD care, PRESCHOOL children, FACILITY management, SELF-evaluation, AGE groups

مستخلص: Go Nutrition and Physical activity Self Assessment in Child Care (NAP SACC) is an evidence based intervention developed to positively impact childhood obesity in early childhood education (ECE) facilities. One focus of Go NAP SACC is the development of physical activity best practices. However, little research has examined differences in achievement of best practices based on age of child and geographic location. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the achievement of physical activity best practices between urban and rural childcare facilities by age-specific recommendations (infants, toddlers, and preschoolers) and in the overall physical activity environment. Urban (n = 207) and rural (n = 218) ECE facilities completed the Go NAP SACC process. Data were analyzed using an ANCOVA. A majority of facilities reported exceeding best practices (79.5%), however significant differences were found on 18 best practices with urban facilities outscoring their rural counterparts on 17 of these items. A comparison by age found that urban facilities reported higher achievement of best practices among infants (60%) in comparison to toddlers (40%) or preschoolers (30%). Future studies should continue to explore the rural–urban context of physical activity practices across the early childhood age groups to ensure healthy physical development of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Alternate Title: Maintaining the Quality of Early Childhood Education in Rural Areas: Understanding, Practice, and Reflection on the Itinerant Tutoring Work of National Education Pre-school Child Classes. (English)

المؤلفون: 張凱程, 鄒逢益, 林俊瑩

المصدر: Journal of Education Research (1680-6360); 2022, Issue 334, p70-85, 16p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PRESCHOOL teachers, PRESCHOOL education, PRESCHOOL children, RURAL education, RURAL children, RURAL geography, ENCOURAGEMENT

Abstract (English): This article took a pre-school class in Hualien County as an example to explore the cooperative relationship between a rural pre-school in the process of understanding and practicing the roving tutoring work after implementation of the National Education Pre- school Educational Protection Visit and Tour Counseling Work Plan and the reflection on its apparent operational effects, which might present the key to the realization of the high-quality ideal of education and protection in rural areas. Based on this, the researchers used focus group discussions and individual interviews to collect and analyze data from the multiple perspectives of policy stakeholders such as educational administrators, university professors, pre-school itinerant teachers, and pre-school teachers, for their answers on the above questions and the gathering of observations from them. First, this research gave a brief overview on the current situation of the itinerant tutoring work of pre-school child classes in Hualien County. Second, it summarized the practice of the cooperative mode, including taking stock of the existing professional resources for pre-school children in Hualien County to strengthen the integrated operation between groups, the assistance of pre-school education experts and scholars to speed up the response to education and protection needs, the close connection between the industry, government, and academia that also allows the work of patrol assistants in pre-school child classes to build a consensus, the encouragement of grassroots growth actions to enhance the positive momentum of the scene. There are still many deficiencies in the cooperative operation, including high-quality tour assistants who are not available, bringing about instability in the support of the guidance, and the transformation of pre-school educators into improving education quality being not satisfactory, thus showing that follow- up tour guidance work is more important. At the end of the article, this research put forward some suggestions on the implementation and cooperation of auxiliary work in pre-school child classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (Chinese): 本文主要以花蓮縣國幼班為例，探討在實施「國民教育幼兒班教保訪視與巡迴輔 導工作計畫」歷程中，偏鄉幼兒園在面對巡迴輔導工作的理解、實踐過程中與輔導者的 協力關係，以及對其所顯現運作效果之反思，而這涉及到偏鄉教保優質理想有無可能實 現的關鍵。基此，研究者運用焦點團體座談與個別訪談方式，以教育行政主管、大學教 授、國幼班巡輔員與教保服務人員等政策關係人多元角度進行資料蒐集及分析，解答上 述的問題。首先，本研究針對花蓮縣國幼班巡迴輔導工作的現況做一簡要概述；其次， 在合作協力模式的實踐上歸納出幾項發現：詳細盤點花蓮縣國幼班現有的專業資源，藉 以強化組間整合運作；透過幼教專家學者的協助，加速回應教保需求；產官學界的密切 聯繫，也讓國幼班巡輔工作更能凝聚共識；鼓勵草根成長的行動，以提升現場 積極的動 能等四項。繼而，協力運作上仍有許多力有未逮之處，包括優質巡輔員青黃不接，因而 輔導後盾不穩，以及現場教保服務人員在轉化成對教育品質提升的效果還差強人意，都 顯示後續對此巡迴輔導工須作更積極磨合的必要性。文末，本研究進一步提出對國幼班 巡輔工作執行與協力合作的些許建議。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Zhao, Tianming, Xuan, Kun, Liu, Haixia, Chen, Xin, Qu, Guangbo, Wu, Yile, Zhang, Jian, Sun, Yehuan

المصدر: Sleep & Biological Rhythms; Jan2022, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p123-136, 14p

مصطلحات موضوعية: SLEEP interruptions, PRESCHOOL children, RURAL children, PARENT attitudes, LOW-income parents, SLEEP apnea syndromes, VARIANCES, ONE-way analysis of variance

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA, ANHUI Sheng (China)

مستخلص: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of sleep disturbances among preschool children in rural areas of China and identify the underlying associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas of Anhui Province, China, from September 2019 to January 2020. The caregivers of children from 26 kindergartens completed the demographic questionnaire, the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the adapted Identification and Management of Feeding Difficulties (IMFeD) tool. One-way analysis of variance, independent-samples t-test, and hierarchical multiple linear regression were conducted to explore the potential influencing factors of sleep disturbances in preschool children. For the specific sleep disturbances based on each subscale of the CSHQ, bedtime resistance (54.9%) and sleep anxiety (47.9%) were the most common types of sleep disturbances, followed by daytime sleepiness (21.3%), sleep duration (20.8%), parasomnias (16.5%), sleep-onset delay (12.6%), night wakings (12.2%) and sleep-disordered breathing (10.3%). The ages of children, children's emotional/behavioral problems, children's feeding difficulties, inconsistent parenting attitudes of parents, poor parenting styles, non-parent caregivers, and caregiver anxiety contributed significantly to the CSHQ total score, accounting for approximately 27.1% (R² = 0.271) of the variance. Our study indicates that the prevalence of sleep disturbances among preschool children in rural areas of China is quite high. Furthermore, the potential risk factors are complicated, including factors related to both children and their caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Bidira, Kebebe, Tamiru, Dessalegn, Belachew, Tefera

المصدر: PLoS ONE; 11/29/2021, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p1-14, 14p

مصطلحات موضوعية: RURAL children, PRESCHOOL children, FAMILY size, AGE groups, DRINKING water, BIRTH weight

مصطلحات جغرافية: ETHIOPIA

مستخلص: Background: In 2019, 144 million under-five-year-old children were stunted, and 47 million were wasted globally. In Ethiopia, approximately 350,000 children are estimated to die each year. Preschool aged children need focused attention because this age group not only has special needs, but also forms the platform for growth and development of all children. Under nutrition among preschool children is the result of a complex interplay of diverse elements, such as birth weight, household access to food, availability and use of drinking water. This study aimed at determining the anthropometric failures and associated factors using composite indictors. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was used among randomly selected 588 caregivers with pre-school aged children. Under-nutrition of pre-school aged children was computed by using the composite index of anthropometric failure. A multi-stage sampling technique followed by a systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. WHO Anthro software was used to calculate height for age, weight for age and weight for height. The overall prevalence of anthropometric failure (CIAF). Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with under-nutrition. Results: The overall prevalence of under-nutrition among pre-school children was 50.8%, which was significantly associated with being a female (AOR = 1.51, CI: 1.076, 2.12), being from a large family (AOR = 1.78, CI: 1.19, 2.663), having acute respiratory infection (AOR = 1.767, CI: 1.216, 2.566), lack of improved source of drinking water (AOR = 1.484 CI: 1.056, 2.085) and poor dietary diversity score (AOR = 1.5, CI: 1.066, 2.112). Conclusions: The study area has a high prevalence of CIAF in pre-school aged children. The CIAF was found to be significantly associated with the sex of the child, family size, ARI within the last two weeks, and dietary diversity score. To promote the use of family planning and the prevention of infectious diseases, health education is required. The government should adapt CIAF as a metric for assessing children's nutritional status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Robatsch, J., Voitl, P., Diesner-Treiber, Susanne C.

المصدر: BMC Pediatrics; 11/6/2021, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p1-10, 10p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PRESCHOOL children, RURAL children, BODY mass index, SEDENTARY behavior, OVERWEIGHT persons

مصطلحات جغرافية: AUSTRIA

مستخلص: Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity is among the most relevant healthcare issues in Europe. The number of overweight people rises due to lifestyle changes, increased sitting activities, and less physical activity. Prevention in early childhood is paramount to stop this alarming trend.Aim: This study primarily aimed to evaluate the average time children (3-5 years) from rural and urban Austrian regions spent engaging in physical activity and sedentary behaviors in their free-time. Additionally, we investigated the potential correlation between duration and habits of free-time activity or place of residence and age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI). The potential impact of socio-economic factors on BMI was examined.Methods: Urban (Vienna) and rural (Carinthia) regions of Austria were chosen for this observational cross-sectional study. Preschool children (n=130) attending nurseries in these regions were included. Weight and height were measured and BMI calculated. Free-time activity and socio-economic data were asked using a self-administered questionnaire. Data on sedentary behavior time (sedentary activity and media consumption) and physical activity time (defined as organized or spontaneous exercise) were analyzed using non-parametric tests.Results: Preschool children spent approximately as many hours of their free-time engaged in physical activity as in sedentary behaviors. Time trend in media consumption amounts to one-third of the cumulative time spent engaging in sedentary behaviors. Preschoolers from the urban area spent fewer hours practicing organized exercise and more in sedentary behaviors than peers in the rural area. In the selected areas, 7 % of preschoolers were overweight, 3.9 % were obese. BMI was not associated with free-time activities but showed a trendwise negative correlation with organized exercise. A positive correlation of age and organized exercise was observed but not with physical activity per se.Conclusions: Our results confirm the necessity of preventive interventions among Austrian preschoolers and lead to a better understanding of their free-time activities. Further investigations with larger study populations are needed to promote effective childhood obesity prevention and examine the differences regarding obesity prevalence and leisure-time activity between rural and urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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