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    الوصف: Cabassous unicinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) Amazon naked-tailed armadillo Dasypus unicinctus Linnaeus, 1758:50. Type locality “Africa”. Restricted to Suriname by Thomas (1911:141). Dasypus duodecim cinctus Schreber, 1774:Pl. lxxv. Aredrawing of Buffon’s “Le Kabassou ” (1763:Pl. xl), from Cayenne, French Guiana (Wetzel et al. 2008:152). [Dasypus] octodecimcinctus Erxleben, 1777:113-114. Type locality “America australi”. Dasypus undecimcinctus Illiger, 1815:108. Nomen nudum. Dasypus multicinctus Thunberg, 1818:68. Type locality “ Brasilien ”. Tatusia tatouay: Lesson, 1827:311. Part; not Loricatus tatouay Desmarest (1804:28). Dasypus tatouay: Schomburgk, 1840:34. Not Loricatus tatouay Desmarest (1804). Dasypus gymnurus var. β J. A. Wagner, 1844:171. Not Tatus gymnurus Olfers, 1818:220. D [asypus]. verrucosus J. A. Wagner, 1844:172 -footnote. Type locality “den nördlichen Theil [des tropischen Südamerikas]”. Name based on Buffon’s kabassu (Wagner, 1855:175). Xenurus [(Tatoua)] unicinctus: Gray, 1865:378. Name combination. Xenurus verrucosus: Fitzinger, 1871:233. Name combination. Ziphila lugubris Gray, 1873:23. BM 55.8.28.7 lectotype selected by Wetzel et al. (2008:152), type locality restricted to Demerara, Guyana. Xenurus lugubris: Thomas, 1880:402. Name combination. Xenurus duodecimcinctus: Jentink, 1888:213. Name combination. [Lysiurus (Lysiurus)] unicinctus: Trouessart, 1898:1146. Name combination. [Lysiurus (Ziphila)] lugubris: Trouessart, 1898:1148. Name combination. Tatoua (Ziphila) lugubris: Miller, 1899:6. Name combination. C [abassous]. (Ziphila) lugubris: Palmer, 1899:72. Name combination. Tatoua unicincta: Miller, 1899:2. Name combination. C [abassous]. unicinctus: Palmer, 1899:72. Name combination. Lysiurus unicinctus: Goeldi & Hagmann, 1904:98. Name combination [Cabassus (Cabassus)] unicinctus: Trouessart, 1905:820. Name combination. Cabassous loricatus: Yepes, 1928:467. Part; not Dasypus loricatus J. A. Wagner, 1855 [Cabassous] loricatus: Yepes, 1928:467. Part; not Dasypus loricatus J. A. Wagner, 1855. Xenurus unicinctus: Sanderson, 1949:785. Name combination. Cabassous unicinctus: Pine, 1973:50. Name combination. C [abassous]. unicinctus unicinctus: Wetzel, 1980:343. Name combination. Type material. Linnaeus described Dasypus unicinctus based on four sources: the sixth edition of the Systema Naturae, Seba (1734:47, plate 30, figs. 3 & 4), Ray (1693:235) and Grew (1681:19, plate 1). All specimens described and illustrated in these references have equal status as syntypes (ICZN 1999: Article 73.2.1). Seba (1734) described and presented two illustrations of his “ Tatu, seu Armodillo, Africanus ” (plate 30, figs. 3 & 4). Thomas (1911:141) considered the female animal illustrated in fig. 4 as dubious (Figure 9b). Wetzel (1980) tentatively treated it as C. u. squamicaudis based on the scaly-tailed appearance, while he considered the male animal depicted in fig. 3 as C. u. unicinctus given it displays a completely naked tail (Figure 9a). Both illustrations nevertheless display the diagnostic traits on the cephalic shield (lack of scutes below eyes and cheek) of C. unicinctus that set them apart from C. squamicaudis. On the other hand, the animal described and illustrated by Grew (1681:19, plate 1) refers to an armadillo with the tail completely covered by scutes, which closely resembles a six-banded armadillo Euphractus sexcinctus. The Linnaeus’ concept of D. unicinctus was therefore composite. To preserve the unambiguous current use of the name, we select the specimen illustrated in the figure 3 of the plate 30 of Seba (1734) as the lectotype of Dasypus unicinctus Linnaeus, 1758 (Figure 9a). The illustration depicts an animal with five digits in the manus and feet, 13 movable bands, scutes on the cephalic shield limited to the top of the head, absent below eyes and cheek, and a naked-tailed. All other specimens referred to by Linnaeus should be treated as paralectotypes. Type locality. The collecting locality of the lectotype is unknown. Seba considered it to be an African armadillo, a clear lapse. Thomas (1911) suggested Suriname as the type locality for most of Seba’s South American animals, given it was the main source of the Dutch collection. Therefore, we suggest “ Suriname ” as the type locality for C. unicinctus. Diagnosis. C. unicinctus is the second largest species in the genus. The scutes on the cephalic shield (32-48) are restricted to the top of the head, leaving the snout, cheek and region below eyes exposed (Figure 7). The cephalic scutes usually show a concentric organization, surrounding a larger central scute; but few specimens exhibit the scutes organized in parallel lines along the sagittal plane, as also found in C. centralis individuals. The skin of the face is smooth and pinkish. The color of the carapace is dark brownish to blackish, with most of the individuals showing a pale stripe in the edges (Figure 7). The number of movable bands varies from 12-13. The ears are large, dark with smooth or irregular edges. The venter is pale with some individuals showing a conspicuous dark spot in the central area (Figure 7). Tail with small scutes sparsely distributed mainly in the dorsal face. In some specimens (31%) the tail exhibits a whitish tip. Geographic distribution. C. unicinctus occurs in the Amazon forest eastern of Andes, extending from Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador to Colombia, Venezuela, Guianas and Brazil. Its eastern limit coincides with the Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco biomes in Brazil and Bolivia. This species possibly occurs in the Babaçu forest at the transition zone between Amazon and Cerrado biomes in the northern portion of the Maranhão state (Figure 8). The few records in open areas seem to be related to forested patches or riparian forests. For example, C. unicinctus has been recorded in the savanna llanos of Venezuela and in Brazilian Cerrado (Figure 1), but in all cases they were found in transitional areas between forest-open biomes or in forest corridors along rivers (Anacleto et al. 2013). It is also possible that C. unicinctus eventually explore adjacent open areas during foraging activities or when the land floods. Remarks. Cabassous unicinctus is sometimes misidentified as immature Priodontes maximus because of its large claws and whitish stripe in the lateral of the carapace. The two species can be easily differentiated by the tail fully covered by conspicuous osteoderms in P. maximus. The eastern limit of C. unicinctus unicinctus [here treated as a monotypic species] was defined as the Amazonas-Solimoes rivers by Wetzel (1980), followed by Anderson (1997), Wetzel et al. (2008) and Hayssen (2014a). However, the individuals from eastern Amazon (Pará, Brazil; Beni, Bolivia) identified as C. u. squamicaudis by Wetzel (1980) proved to be C. unicinctus (see Appendix I).
    Published as part of Feijó, Anderson & Anacleto, Teresa Cristina, 2021, Taxonomic revision of the genus Cabassous McMurtrie, 1831 (Cingulata Chlamyphoridae), with revalidation of Cabassous squamicaudis (Lund, 1845), pp. 47-78 in Zootaxa 4974 (1) on pages 63-65, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/4773355
    {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. 10 th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542","Thomas, O. (1911) The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911, 120 - 158.","Schreber, J. C. D. von (1774) Die Saugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen, 2, 191 - 280. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 67399","Wetzel, R. M., Gardner, A. L., Redford, K. H. & Eisenberg, J. F. (2008) Order Cingulata. In: Gardner, A. L. (Ed.), Mammals of South America. Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews and Bats. Vol. 1. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 128 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.7208 / chicago / 9780226282428.001.0001","Erxleben, J. C. P. (1777) Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis 1. Mammalia. Impensis Weygandianis, Leipzig [Lipsiae], 636 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 15933","Illiger, J. K. W. (1815) Ueberblick der Saugthiere nach ihrer Vertheilung iiber die Welttheile. Abhandlungen der Koniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1804 - 1811, 39 - 159.","Thunberg, C. P. (1818) Tekning ef en ny art Myr-Atare eller Balta ifran Brasilien. Kongl. Vetenskaps Academiens Handlingar, Stockholm, 65 - 68.","Lesson, R. P. (1827) Manuel de mammalogie ou histoire naturelle des mammiferes. J. B. Bailliere et Fils, Paris, 441 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 137811","Desmarest, A. G. (1804) Tableau methodique des mammiferes. In Tableaux methodiques d'histoire naturelle. In: Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquee aux arts, principalementa l iagriculture, al'economie rurale et domestique: Par une societedenaturalisteset d'agriculteurs: Avec des figures tirees des trois regnes de la nature. Vol. 24. Deterville, Paris, pp. 5 - 38.","Schomburgk, R. H. (1840) Mr. Schomburgk's recent expedition in Guiana. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 5 (28), 29 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222934009496751","Wagner, J. A. (1844) Die Saugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen von Dr. Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber. Supplementband. Vierte Abtheilung: Die Nager (zweiter Abschnitt), Zahnlucker, Einhufer, Dickhauter und Wiederkauer. Supplementband 4. Expedition das Schreber'schen Saugthier- und des Esper'sschen Schmetterlingswerkes, und in Commission der Voss'schen Buchhandlung in Leipzig, Erlangen, 523 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 67399","Olfers, I. von (1818) Bemerkungen zu Illiger's Ueberblick der Saugthiere, nach ihrer Vertheilung uber die Welttheile, rucksichtlich der Sudamericanischen Arten (Species). In: Eschwege, W. L. (Ed.), Journal von Brasilien oder vermischte nachrichten aus Brasilien, auf wisenschaftlichen Reisen gesammelt. Verlage des Gr. H. S. Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar, pp. 192 - 237.","Wagner, J. A. (1855) Die Saugthiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen von Dr. Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber. Supplementband. Funfte Abtheilung: Die Affen, Zahnlucker, Beutelthiere, Hufthiere, Insektenfresser und Handflugler. Supplementband 5. T. O. Weigel, Leipzig, 810 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 67399","Gray, J. E. (1865) Revision of the genera and species of entomophagous Edentata, founded on the examination of the specimens in the British Museum. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1865, 359 - 386. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1865. tb 02351. x","Fitzinger, L. J. (1871) Die naturliche Familie der Gurtelthiere (Dasypodes). I. Abtheilung. Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 64, 209 - 276.","Gray, J. E. (1873) Hand-list of the edentate, thick-skinned and ruminant mammals in the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 176 pp.","Thomas, O. (1880) On mammals from Ecuador. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1880, 393 - 403. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1880. tb 06571. x","Jentink, F. A. (1888) Catalogue systematique des mammiferes (rongeurs, insectivores, cheiropteres, edentes et marsupiaux). Museum d'Histoire Naturelle des Pays-Bas, 12, 1 - 280.","Trouessart, E. L. (1898) s. n. In: Catalogus Mammalium tam Viventium quam Fossilium. Vol. 2. Fasciculus V. Sirenia, Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Allotheria, Monotremata. R. Friedla ¨ nder & Sohn, Berolini [Berlin], pp. 999 - 1264. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 130824","Miller Jr., G. S. (1899) Notes on the naked-tailed armadillos. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 13, 1 - 8.","Palmer, T. S. (1899) Notes on Tatoua and other genera of edentates. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 13, 71 - 73.","Goeldi, E. A. & Hagmann, G. (1904) Prodromo de um catalogo critico, commentado da colleccao de mammiferos no Museu do Para (1894 - 1903). Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi (Museu Paraense) de Historia Natural e Ethnographia, 4, 38 - 122.","Trouessart, E. L. (1905) s. n. In: Catalogus Mammalium tam Viventium quam Fossilium. Quinquennale supplementium (1899 - 1904). Vol. 2. Fasciculus IV. Cetacea, Edentata, Marsupialia, Allotheria, Monotremata. R. Friedla ¨ nder & Sohn, Berolini, pp. 753 - 929. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 61820","Yepes, J. (1928) Los '' Edentata' ' argentinos. Sistematica y distribucion. Revista de la Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2 (1), 461 - 515.","Sanderson, I. T. (1949) A brief review of the mammals of Suriname (Dutch Guiana), based upon a collection made in 1938. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 119, 755 - 789. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1949. tb 00902. x","Pine, R. H. (1973) Mammals (exclusive of bats) of Belem, Para, Brazil. Acta Amazonica, 3 (2), 47 - 79. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921973032047","Wetzel, R. M. (1980) Revision of the naked-tailed armadillos, genus Cabassous McMurtrie. Annals of Carnegie Museum, 49, 323 - 357.","Seba, A. (1734) Locupletissimi rerum naturalium thesauri accurata descriptio, et iconibus artificiosissimis expres- sio, per universam physices historiam. Opus, cui, in hoc rerum genere, nullum par exstitit. Ex toto terrarum orbe collegit, digessit, descripsit, et depingendum curavit. Apud Wetstenium, J. & Smith, G. & Janssonio-Waesbergios, Amstelaedami [Amsterdam], 178 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 14110","Ray, J. (1693) Synopsis methodica animalium quadrupedum et serpentini generis: vulgarium notas caracteristicas, rariorum descriptiones integras exhibens: cum historiis & observationibus anatomicis perquam curiosis: praemittuntur nonnulla de animalium in genere. Smith & Walford, Londini [London], 336 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 41459","Grew, N. (1681) Musaeum Regalis Societatis. or a Catalogue & Description of the Natural and Artificial Rarities belonging to the Royal Society and preserved at Gresham Colledge. Printed by W. Rawlins, London, 464 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 105136","ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London. Available from: https: // www. iczn. org / the-code / the-international-code-of-zoological-nomenclature / the-codeonline / (accessed 15 December 2020)","Anacleto, T. C. S., Godoy, L. P. & Pukenis, D. T. (2013) New records of the southern naked-tailed armadillo Cabassous unicinctus unicinctus Linnaeus, 1758 (Cingulata: Dasypodidae) in Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 13 (2), 293 - 296. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032013000200028","Anderson, S. (1997) Mammals of Bolivia, taxonomy and distribution. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 231, 1 - 652.","Hayssen, V. (2014 a) Cabassous unicinctus (Cingulata: Dasypodidae). Mammalian Species, 46 (907), 16 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1644 / 907"]}

  2. 2

    الوصف: 9. Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo Cabassous unicinctus French: Tatou a onze bandes / German: Sidliches Nacktschwanzgtrteltier / Spanish: Armadillo de cola desnuda meridional Taxonomy. Dasypus unicinctus Linnaeus, 1758, “Africa.” Corrected by G. L. L. Buf- fon in 1763 to “I'’Amérique.” Restricted by O. Thomas in 1911 to Suriname, South America. Two subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. C.u.unicinctusLinnaeus,1758—Colombia,Venezuela,theGuianas,NBrazil,Ecuador,andNEPeru,EoftheAndesandNoftheAmazonRiver. C. u. squamicaudis Lund, 1845 — E Peru, N & E Bolivia, E Paraguay (Amambay and San Pedro departments), and Brazil, S of the Amazon River. Descriptive notes. Head-body 350-440 mm, tail 160-200 mm, ear 32-39 mm, hindfoot 75-84 mm; weight 2.5-3.6 kg for nominate unicinctus; head-body 290-340 mm, tail 90-140 mm, ear 25-30 mm, hindfoot 65-76 mm; weight 1.6-1.8 kg for squamicaudis. Female Southern Naked-tailed Armadillos are larger than males. Carapace is dark gray; in nominate unicinctus, there is clear, pinkish band around its lower part and 10-13 movable transverse bands. Scutes on first and second complete rows of scapular shield vary from only slightly wider to not as wide as anteroposterior length. Tail is gray, often with pale tip, and naked, with isolated scales only in squamicaudis. Cheek below eye is naked on unicinctus but partially to completely scaled on squamicaudis. Posterior face of pinnae is naked to partially scaled in unicinctus and scaled in squamicaudis. The Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo walks on soles ofits hindfeet, and only tips of front claws are in contact with the ground. Diploid numberis 2n = 46. Habitat. Tropical lowland, rainforest, gallery forest, forest patches, cerrado savannas, and floodable grasslands. Southern Naked-tailed Armadillos can also occur in secondary forest, pasturelands, and eucalypt plantations but not agricultural areas. Food and Feeding. Southern Naked-tailed Armadillos are insectivorous, with arthropods (mostly ants and termites) comprising more than 90% of their diets. Breeding. Reproduction of the Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo is aseasonal. It presumably gives birth to single young. Activity patterns. Southern Naked-tailed Armadillos are usually nocturnal but diurnal in the Brazilian Cerrado ecoregion. They rotate their body as they dig, forming a round burrow. Burrows are often constructed in termite mounds or riverbanks; entrances tend to be oriented away from prevailing winds. Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo is solitary, primarily fossorial, and difficult to observe. Densities are 27-120 ind/ km”. It emits pig-like grunts when it is threatened. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. There are no major conservation threats facing the Southern Naked-tailed Armadillo, but populations in its southern distribution are subject to some hunting and habitatloss. Bibliography. Bonato et al. (2008), Buffon (1763), Carter & Encarnacao (1983), Dotta & Verdade (2007), Eisenberg et al. (1979), Hayssen (2014a), Machado et al. (1998), Pereira et al. (2009), Smith et al. (2011), Thomas (1911b), Tomas et al. (2009), Trujillo & Superina (2013), Wetzel (1980), Wetzel et al. (2008).
    Published as part of Russell A. Mittermeier & Don E. Wilson, 2018, Chlamyphoridae, pp. 48-71 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 8 Insectivores, Sloths and Colugos, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on page 70, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6623975

  3. 3

    المؤلفون: Gardner, Alfred L.

    الوصف: Cabassous unicinctus (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:50. TYPE LOCALITY: "Africa;" restricted to "l'Amérique" by Buffon (1763), and to Surinam by Thomas (1911a). DISTRIBUTION: South America east of the Andes from Colombia to Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. SYNONYMS: duodecimcinctus Schreber, 1774; hispidus Burmeister, 1854; latirostris Gray, 1873; loricatus Wagner, 1855; multicinctus Thunberg, 1818; octodecimcinctus Erxleben, 1777; squamicaudis Lund, 1845; verrucosus Wagner, 1844.
    Published as part of Alfred L. Gardner, 1993, Order Xenarthra, pp. 63-68 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 65, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353136
    {"references":["Buffon, G. - L. L., Comte de, and L. J. M. Daubenton. 1763. Histoire Naturelle, Generale et Particuliere, avec la Description du Cabinet du Roi. L'Imprimerie Royale, Paris, 10 (Quadrupeds): 1 - 6 (unnumbered) + 368 pp., 57 pls.","Thomas, O. 1911 a. The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus; an attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1911: 120 - 158.","Erxleben, J. C. P. 1777. Systema regni animalis per classes, ordines, genera, species, varietates, cum synonymia et historia animalium. Classis I. Mammalia. Weygandianis, Lipsiae, 636 pp."]}

  4. 4

    الوصف: Cabassous unicinctus (Linnaeus, 1758). Syst. Nat., 10th ed., 1:50. TYPE LOCALITY: Surinam. DISTRIBUTION: South America E. of Andes, Venezuela south to Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Goias, and Marananhao (Brazil). COMMENT: Includes gymnurus, hispidus, loricatus, lugubris, and latirostris; see Wetzel, 1980, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 49: 344. Type locality corrected by Thomas, 1911, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1911:141. ISIS NUMBER: 5301407003002005001 as C. unicinctus. 5301407003002002001 as C. hispidus. 5301407003002003001 as C. loricatus.
    Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Edentata, pp. 52-57 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352995