المؤلفون: Kristina M. Jackson, Bruce D. Bartholow

المصدر: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement

مصطلحات موضوعية: Marketing, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholic Beverages, Systematic and Narrative Reviews, Poison control, Human factors and ergonomics, Underage Drinking, General Medicine, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, Young Adult, Empirical research, Attitude, Adolescent Behavior, Youth Drinking, Injury prevention, Social Norms, Humans, Psychology, Underage drinking

الوصف: Objective: Evidence increasingly suggests that alcohol marketing plays a significant role in facilitating underage drinking. This article presents a review of empirical studies and relevant theoretical models proposing plausible psychological mechanisms or processes responsible for associations between alcohol-related marketing and youth drinking. Method: We review key psychological processes pertaining to cognitive mechanisms and social cognitive models that operate at the individual or intrapersonal level (attitude formation, expectancies) and the social or interpersonal level (personal identity, social identity, social norms). We use dominant psychological and media theories to support our statements of putative causal inferences, including the Message Interpretation Processing Model, Prototype Willingness Model, and Reinforcing Spirals Model. Results: Based on the evidence, we propose an integrated conceptual model that depicts relevant psychological processes as they work together in a complex chain of influence, and we highlight those constructs that have received the greatest support in the literature. Conclusions: The evidence to date suggests that perceptions of others’ behaviors and attitudes in relation to alcohol (social norms) may be a more potent driver of youth drinking than evaluations of drinking outcomes (expectancies). Considerably more research—especially experimental research—is needed to understand the extent to which theoretically relevant psychological processes have unique effects on adolescent and young adult drinking behavior, with the ultimate goal of identifying modifiable intervention targets to produce reductions in the initiation and maintenance of underage alcohol use.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f6c62cab66581e71992882465bdc73c0
https://doi.org/10.15288/jsads.2020.s19.81

المؤلفون: Jonathan K Noel, Cara J. Sammartino, Samantha R. Rosenthal

المصدر: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Injury control, Systematic and Narrative Reviews, MEDLINE, Poison control, Alcohol, Underage Drinking, Digital media, Young Adult, chemistry.chemical_compound, Advertising, Humans, Social media, Marketing, Consumer behaviour, Internet, business.industry, Human factors and ergonomics, General Medicine, Consumer Behavior, chemistry, Female, business, Psychology, Social Media

الوصف: Objective: Alcohol marketing has proliferated on digital media, such as websites, social media, and apps. A systematic review was conducted to examine studies of associations between exposure to digital alcohol marketing and alcohol consumption. Method: Eight electronic databases were searched for “alcohol” and “marketing” through 14 February 2017. Studies were included if exposure to digital alcohol marketing and alcohol consumption, or related attitudes and intentions, were assessed. Studies were excluded if they only measured exposure to alcohol depictions posted online by family and friends. Study quality was also assessed. Results: In all, 25 studies were included, including 2 randomized controlled trials, 15 cross-sectional studies, and 8 prospective cohort studies. There was a consistent finding across studies that participation and engagement with digital alcohol marketing—such as clicking on an alcohol ad, visiting an alcohol-branded website, liking or sharing an ad on social media, or downloading alcohol-branded content—was positively associated with alcohol use. The effects of simple exposure to digital alcohol advertising were inconclusive. Proper blinding of subjects, measuring exposures before the outcomes, and measuring the exposures multiple times would improve study quality. Conclusions: Although more research is needed, existing studies suggest that engagement with digital alcohol marketing is positively associated with increased alcohol consumption and increased binge or hazardous drinking behavior. Governments should consider implementing digital alcohol marketing regulations under the precautionary principle as the alcohol industry’s self-regulated marketing codes are likely ineffective at protecting populations vulnerable to alcohol-related harm.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::993202200e2f5b05bc256966dd360598
https://doi.org/10.15288/jsads.2020.s19.57

المؤلفون: Joel W. Grube, Laura J. Finan, Sharon Lipperman-Kreda, Anna Balassone, Emily Kaner

المصدر: Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement

مصطلحات موضوعية: Marketing, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking, Cross-sectional study, Alcoholic Beverages, Systematic and Narrative Reviews, Alcohol, Underage Drinking, General Medicine, Young Adult, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cross-Sectional Studies, chemistry, Adolescent Behavior, Advertising, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Young adult, Psychology

الوصف: Objective: This article provides a systematic review of cross-sectional research examining associations between exposure to alcohol marketing and alcohol use behaviors among adolescents and young adults. Method: Literature searches of eight electronic databases were carried out in February 2017. Searches were not limited by date, language, country, or peer-review status. After abstract and full-text screening for eligibility and study quality, 38 studies that examined the relationship between alcohol marketing and alcohol use behaviors were selected for inclusion. Results: Across alcohol use outcomes, various types of marketing exposure, and different media sources, our findings suggest that cross-sectional evidence indicating a positive relationship between alcohol marketing exposure and alcohol use behaviors among adolescents and young adults was greater than negative or null evidence. In other words, cross-sectional evidence supported that alcohol marketing exposure was associated with young peoples’ alcohol use behaviors. In general, relationships for alcohol promotion (e.g., alcohol-sponsored events) and owning alcohol-related merchandise exposures were more consistently positive than for other advertising exposures. These positive associations were observed across the past four decades, in countries across continents, and with small and large samples. Conclusions: Despite issues of measurement and construct clarity within this body of literature, this review suggests that exposure to alcohol industry marketing may be important for understanding and reducing young peoples’ alcohol use behavior. Future policies aimed at regulating alcohol marketing to a greater extent may have important short- and long-term public health implications for reducing underage or problematic alcohol use among youth.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::27b3520b23f8fe0be8d2f579b155e628
https://doi.org/10.15288/jsads.2020.s19.42

المؤلفون: Michael Weitzman, Lily Lee

المصدر: Scopus-Elsevier
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement

مصطلحات موضوعية: Research literature, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Systematic and Narrative Reviews, MEDLINE, Alcohol, Underage Drinking, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_compound, Tobacco Use, Young Adult, Advertising, medicine, Humans, Underage Alcohol Use, Child, Public health, Alcoholic Beverages, General Medicine, Tobacco Products, chemistry, Attitude, Adolescent Behavior, Alcohol advertising, Female, Television, Public Health, Psychology, human activities

الوصف: Objective: Underage alcohol use is a major public health problem and substantial corporate money supports alcohol advertising across multiple venues. A diverse research literature demonstrates that adolescent exposure to such advertising is associated with drinking attitudes and behavior, but no scientific body has determined these associations to be causal. The objective of this study was to assess the association between alcohol advertising and teen drinking in the context of the “Analogy” criterion of the Bradford Hill criteria and consider a determination that the association between exposure to alcohol advertising and alcohol use is causal. Method: This study was a narrative review on the association between adolescent exposure to alcohol advertising and subsequent alcohol use in the context of domains utilized in the Surgeon General’s 2012 Report, Preventing Tobacco Use Among Youth and Young Adults, which concluded, “Advertising and promotional activities by tobacco companies have been shown to cause the onset and continuation of smoking among adolescents and young adults.” Results: In every aspect compared (i.e., adolescent knowledge; attitudes toward; initiation of use; continuation of use; mediums of advertisement; the use of mascots, celebrities, and themes; and frequency and density of advertisements and retailers), the findings for both tobacco and alcohol and their association with exposure to advertising are analogous. Conclusions: Application of the Analogy criterion of the Bradford Hill criteria comparing alcohol and tobacco supports a judgment that the association between exposure to alcohol advertising and increased adolescent knowledge, attitudes toward, initiation, and continuation of alcohol use are causal in nature.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::fbf39c668f2a3439a92ab50ff4fa88da
http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-85079791040&partnerID=MN8TOARS