المؤلفون: Yang H; Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China., Wang Q; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.; Department of Orthopedics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China., Zhang S; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.; Department of Orthopedics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China., Zhang J; Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Oncology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China., Zhang Y; Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA., Feng J; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.; Department of Orthopedics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.

المصدر: Environmental health perspectives [Environ Health Perspect] 2024 Jun; Vol. 132 (6), pp. 67008. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 18.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0330411 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1552-9924 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00916765 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Health Perspect Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Neoplasms*/epidemiology , Neoplasms*/chemically induced, Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Aged ; Water Supply/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Biological Specimen Banks ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Environmental Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; UK Biobank

مستخلص: Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that domestic water hardness is linked to health outcomes, but its association to all-cause and cause-specific cancers warrants investigation.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of domestic hard water with all-cause and cause-specific cancers.
Methods: In the prospective cohort study, a total of 447,996 participants from UK Biobank who were free of cancer at baseline were included and followed up for 16 y. All-cause and 22 common cause-specific cancer diagnoses were ascertained using hospital inpatient records and self-reported data until 30 November 2022. Domestic water hardness, measured by CaCO 3 concentrations, was obtained from the local water supply companies across England, Scotland, and Wales in 2005. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models, with adjustments for known measured confounders, including demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, biochemical, lifestyle, and environmental factors.
Results: Over a median follow-up of 13.6 y (range: 12.7-14.4 y), 58,028 all-cause cancer events were documented. A U-shaped relationship between domestic water hardness and all-cause cancers was observed ( p for nonlinearity < 0.001 ). In comparison with individuals exposed to soft water ( 0 - 60 mg / L ), the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of all-cause cancer were 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.02) for those exposed to moderate hard water ( > 60 - 120 mg / L ), 0.88 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.91) for those exposed to hard water ( > 120 - 180 mg / L ) and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.08) for those exposed to very hard water ( > 180 mg / L ). Additionally, domestic water hardness was associated with 11 of 22 cause-specific cancers, including cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colorectal tract, lung, breast, prostate, and bladder, as well as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma, malignant melanoma, and hematological malignancies. Moreover, we observed a positive linear relationship between water hardness and bladder cancer.
Discussion: Our findings suggest that domestic water hardness was associated with all-cause and multiple cause-specific cancers. Findings from the UK Biobank support a potentially beneficial association between hard water and the incidence of all-cause cancer. However, very hard water may increase the risk of all-cause cancer. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13606.

المؤلفون: Hiscock KM; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. Electronic address: k.hiscock@uea.ac.uk., Balashova N; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK., Cooper RJ; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK., Bradford P; Felixstowe Hydrocycle Ltd, Unit 3b, Tuddenham Road Business Centre, Tuddenham Road, Grange Farm, Ipswich, IP4 3QN, UK., Patrick J; Felixstowe Hydrocycle Ltd, Unit 3b, Tuddenham Road Business Centre, Tuddenham Road, Grange Farm, Ipswich, IP4 3QN, UK., Hullis M; Growth, Highways and Infrastructure, Suffolk County Council, Endeavour House, Russell Road, Ipswich, IP1 2BX, UK.

المصدر: Journal of environmental management [J Environ Manage] 2024 Feb; Vol. 351, pp. 119639. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 05.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0401664 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-8630 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03014797 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Environ Manage Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Water Resources* , Groundwater*, Sand ; Water Supply ; United Kingdom

مستخلص: Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) offers a potential innovative solution for addressing groundwater resource issues, enabling excess surface water to be stored underground for later abstraction. Given its favourable hydrogeological properties, the Pliocene sand and gravel (Crag) aquifer in Suffolk, UK, was selected for a demonstration MAR scheme, with the goal of supplying additional summer irrigation water. The recharge source was a 4.6 km drainage channel that discharges to the River Deben estuary. Trialling the scheme in June 2022, 12,262 m ³ of source water were recharged to the aquifer over 12 days via a lagoon and an array of 565 m of buried slotted pipes. Groundwater levels were raised by 0.3 m at the centre of the recharge mound with an approximate radius of 250 m, with no detrimental impact on local water features observed. The source water quality remained stable during the trial with a mean chloride concentration (133 mg L ^-1 ) below the regulatory requirement (165 mg L ^-1 ). The fraction of recharge water mixing with the groundwater ranged from 69% close to the centre and 5% at the boundary of the recharge mound, leading to a reduction in nitrate-N concentration of 23.6 mg L ^-1 at the centre of the mound. During July-September 2022, 12,301 m ³ of recharge water were abstracted from two, 18 m boreholes to supplement surface irrigation reservoirs during drought conditions. However, the hydraulic conductivity of the Crag aquifer (∼10 m day ^-1 ) restricted the yield and thereby reduced the economic viability of the scheme. Construction costs for the MAR system were comparatively low but the high costs of data collection and securing regulatory permits brought the overall capital costs to within 18% of an equivalent surface storage reservoir, demonstrating that market-based mechanisms and more streamlined regulatory processes are required to incentivise similar MAR schemes.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

المؤلفون: Halstead FD; NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK., Quick J; NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., Niebel M; NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK., Garvey M; NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK., Cumley N; NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK., Smith R; Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, Hampstead, London, UK., Neal T; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK., Roberts P; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK., Hardy K; Public Health England, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., Shabir S; Public Health England, Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK., Walker JT; Walker On Water, Salisbury, UK., Hawkey P; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. Electronic address: peterhawkey@modusmedica.com., Loman NJ; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

المصدر: The Journal of hospital infection [J Hosp Infect] 2021 May; Vol. 111, pp. 162-168. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Feb 01.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: W.B. Saunders For The Hospital Infection Society Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8007166 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2939 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01956701 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Hosp Infect Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Cross Infection*/epidemiology , Cross Infection*/transmission , Pseudomonas Infections*/epidemiology , Pseudomonas Infections*/transmission , Water Microbiology* , Water Supply*, Disease Outbreaks ; Equipment Contamination ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; United Kingdom

مستخلص: Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common opportunistic pathogen and molecular typing in outbreaks has linked patient acquisition to contaminated hospital water systems.
Aim: To elucidate the role of P. aeruginosa transmission rates in non-outbreak augmented care settings in the UK.
Methods: Over a 16-week period, all water outlets in augmented care units of four hospitals were sampled for P. aeruginosa and clinical isolates were collected. Outlet and clinical P. aeruginosa isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which with epidemiological data identified acquisition from water as definite (level 1), probable (level 2), possible (level 3), and no evidence (level 4).
Findings: Outlets were positive in each hospital on all three occasions: W (16%), X (2.5%), Y (0.9%) and Z (2%); and there were 51 persistently positive outlets in total. WGS identified likely transmission (at levels 1, 2 and 3) from outlets to patients in three hospitals for P. aeruginosa positive patients: W (63%), X (54.5%) and Z (26%). According to the criteria (intimate epidemiological link and no phylogenetic distance), approximately 5% of patients in the study 'definitely' acquired their P. aeruginosa from their water outlets in the intensive care unit. This study found extensive evidence of transmission from the outlet to the patients particularly in the newest hospital (W), which had the highest rate of positive outlets.
Conclusions: The overall findings suggest that water outlets are the most likely source of P. aeruginosa nosocomial infections in some settings, and that widespread introduction of control measures would have a substantial impact on infections.
(Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

المؤلفون: Yau A; Division of Nephrology, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY., Agar JWM; Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong, Australia., Barraclough KA; Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. Electronic address: katherine.barraclough@mh.org.au.

المصدر: American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation [Am J Kidney Dis] 2021 Mar; Vol. 77 (3), pp. 406-409. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 07.

نوع المنشور: Editorial

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: W.B. Saunders Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8110075 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1523-6838 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02726386 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Kidney Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Climate Change* , Energy-Generating Resources* , Medical Waste* , Nephrology* , Renal Dialysis* , Water Supply*, Australia ; Environment ; Environmental Policy ; Greenhouse Gases ; Health Policy ; Humans ; United Kingdom ; Waste Products

المؤلفون: Nyathikala SA; Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, MANIT, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462003, India., Kulshrestha M; Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, MANIT, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462003, India. mukul_kuls@yahoo.com.

المصدر: Environmental management [Environ Manage] 2020 Oct; Vol. 66 (4), pp. 517-534. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jul 14.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Verlag Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7703893 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1009 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0364152X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Manage Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Water Supply*, England ; India ; United Kingdom ; Wales

مستخلص: Increased emphasis on efficiency improvements has brought the benefits of internal savings and improved service deliveries of water supplies to the developed countries. However, water supply services in developing countries often exhibit large inefficiencies making it difficult to expand coverage or improve supply services. A comparative assessment of efficiencies in the developed and developing countries is therefore essential to estimate the actual lag that developing countries typically experience, and to arrive at an estimate of their efficiency improvements. This manuscript makes an effort in this direction by undertaking a cross-country benchmarking study on the level of inefficiencies prevailing in Indian urban water supply services (IUWSS) relative to the utilities in the UK-England and Wales. This manuscript uses data envelopment analysis approach to measure relative efficiencies of water supplies for a sample of 30 water utilities in India and the UK-England and Wales for the year 2015. The results indicate that there exist significant technical and scale inefficiencies in water supply operations of Indian municipalities compared with the UK-England and Wales. DEA results also show a significant scope for savings with respect to operating expenditures and non-revenue water, if Indian utilities were to adopt the best practices and managerial tools of the utilities in the UK-England and Wales. Further, it was found that IUWSS need a restructuring of their municipalities to become more efficient. This manuscript discusses the above results in the context of policy implications and suggests few mechanisms that are relevant from a developing country perspective for possible improvement in water supply services.

المؤلفون: Li Q; Faculty of Management, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 201400, China. liqing@sbs.edu.cn., Wang S; Faculty of Management, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 201400, China. wangsq@sbs.edu.cn., Shaw N; Department of Management, Leeds University Business School, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK. N.E.Shaw@lubs.leeds.ac.uk., Shi V; Faculty of Management, Shanghai Business School, Shanghai 201400, China. cshi@wlu.ca.; Lazaridis School of Business and Economics, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada. cshi@wlu.ca.

المصدر: International journal of environmental research and public health [Int J Environ Res Public Health] 2019 Oct 30; Vol. 16 (21). Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Oct 30.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101238455 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1660-4601 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16604601 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Environ Res Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Communication* , Social Networking* , Water Supply*, Industry/*organization & administration, Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; United Kingdom

مستخلص: The water industry in every country aims to effectively and efficiently provide water with satisfactory quality in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner. To this end, it is critical to achieve effective communication among the partners in water supply chain networks. In this paper, we focus on one of the UK's largest water utility companies and its eight main contractors and analyze the factors influencing partner and network communication in a managed programme of their asset supply chain. We employ social network analysis to conduct the cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of partner communication. Factors found to influence the communication network are grouping of projects within the programme, individual's organisational affiliation, status, tenure, elapsed time through the programme lifecycle, and co-location. Our contributions to practice include demonstrating water programme management factors that influence communication and trust and how social network analysis can better inform them about intra- and interorganisational relationships. Moreover, the methodology introduced in this study may be applied to water management in other parts of the world.

المؤلفون: Turner C; Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK., Mosby D; Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK. Electronic address: dj.mosby34@gmail.com., Partridge D; Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK., Mason C; Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK., Parsons H; Department of Microbiology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.

المصدر: The Journal of hospital infection [J Hosp Infect] 2020 Apr; Vol. 104 (4), pp. 511-512. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Dec 24.

نوع المنشور: Letter

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: W.B. Saunders For The Hospital Infection Society Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8007166 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2939 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01956701 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Hosp Infect Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Water Microbiology* , Water Supply*, Bathroom Equipment/*microbiology , Enterobacteriaceae/*isolation & purification , Enterobacteriaceae Infections/*transmission, Bacterial Proteins ; Bathroom Equipment/standards ; Enterobacteriaceae/enzymology ; Humans ; Patients' Rooms ; Tertiary Care Centers/statistics & numerical data ; United Kingdom ; beta-Lactamases

المؤلفون: Kim JE; Water Innovation & Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom. Electronic address: jk977@bath.ac.uk., Humphrey D; YTL Developments Limited, Concorde House, 18 Concorde Road, Bristol, BS34 5TB, United Kingdom., Hofman J; Water Innovation & Research Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom.

المصدر: Journal of environmental management [J Environ Manage] 2022 Nov 15; Vol. 322, pp. 116049. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 27.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0401664 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-8630 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03014797 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Environ Manage Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Drinking Water* , Water Resources*, Conservation of Natural Resources ; Rain ; United Kingdom ; Wastewater ; Water ; Water Supply

مستخلص: Filton Airfield in the UK is a new community under development aiming to become self-sufficient in its water supply toward a circular economy. Urban water management strategies, water demand minimization, urban resource reuse, and wastewater discharge minimization, can improve the urban circular economy. Understanding the practical impacts of those strategies is crucial for a new development area like Filton. As a site investigation, the physiochemical and microbial characteristics of raw rainwater showed acceptable for irrigation and drinking water, indicating no significant risk of using rainwater collected within Filton, but still requiring a treatment process depending on chosen applications. This study further conducted stochastic water demand profiles and urban water cycle simulations at a block scale, taking possible rainwater harvesting (RWH) and greywater recycling (GWR) options for non-potable purposes to quantitatively assess the impact of urban water management strategies on urban harvesting potential indicators (0-100%). When the RWH was implemented, the water demand minimization potential varied from 62% to 71%. Meanwhile, the combined use of RWH and GWR yielded even better results in terms of water demand minimization, peaking at 78% due to the additional supply from GWR. The combination also reduced wastewater production potential from 100% to 54% and consequently improves self-sustainability potential from 0 with no recycling, to 44% with only GWR, and to 100% with the combined use of RWH and GWR. The sensitivity analysis revealed that wastewater discharge is the most sensitive to variations in rainfall patterns (wet and dry conditions) and urban density (water demand patterns), indicating that both need to be balanced for better implementation of urban water harvesting strategies. This study can provide insights into the applicability of urban water resource harvesting and its assessment approaches in existing and new development areas.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

المؤلفون: Durant, Mason, Hall, Eleanor, Morris, Anna, Walburn, Grace, Wilcox, Amy, Counsell, Chris

المصدر: Climate Resilience & Sustainability; May2024, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p1-8, 8p

مصطلحات موضوعية: DROUGHTS, WATER supply, CLIMATE change, ATMOSPHERIC models, ROAD maps, CLIMATE change skepticism

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: UK water resources face a number of challenges when planning for an uncertain future. Climate change impacts and what future droughts might look like can be a significant contributor to this uncertainty. Recent and potential future developments (e.g. ever‐finer resolutions) in climate modelling offer the potential for running bias‐corrected transient future scenarios through hydrological, hydrogeological and water supply models, providing users with droughts of differing severity, frequency, spatial extent and duration to those experienced historically, incorporating changes over time and an understanding of climate model uncertainty. The recent enhanced Future Flows and Groundwater (eFLaG) project sought to demonstrate a climate service using these transient scenarios, with the aim of enhancing the resilience of the water industry to drought events and complementing existing approaches. The project demonstrated the use of this transient climate change information within a water resource setting, using a variety of hydrological and water resource models to help illuminate potential gaps and issues with such an approach. If we are to realise the potential of transient scenarios, a number of barriers – both scientific and organisational – need to be overcome. We present a road map for the future based on outcomes from the eFLaG project, as well as ways the eFLaG projections could be used to improve system resilience in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Climate Resilience & Sustainability is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Snelling, Andrea M., Lamond, Jessica, Everett, Glyn, O'Donnell, Emily C, Ahilan, Sangaralingam, Thorne, Colin

المصدر: Urban Water Journal; Feb2024, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p181-189, 9p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PUBLIC opinion, MUNICIPAL water supply, IMPLICIT attitudes, WATER harvesting, RAINWATER, SUBCONSCIOUSNESS, WATER conservation

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: The UK's abundant municipal water supply has resulted in slow progress with the uptake of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems within the home. Research has indicated that exploring public preferences for domestic RWH are necessary for increasing demand. Here, we use explicit and implicit tests to investigate public perceptions of RWH for non-potable uses, and compare perceptions of respondents with and without domestic RWH systems. RWH is perceived positively by most respondents indicating an openness and acceptance of this technology (and/or lack of strong negative attitudes). Implicit attitudes are generally more positive than explicit, especially in respondents with RWH systems, implying that the positivity is deep-seated in their subconsciousness. We also reveal differences between subconscious (implicit) beliefs and practical difficulties (explicit opinions). Outdoor uses of rainwater are preferred, hence, more work in promoting indoor uses is needed to maximise the resource potential of UK rainfall and uptake of RWH systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Urban Water Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)