المؤلفون: Goodman, Samantha (ORCID 0000-0002-6320-2174), Hammond, David (ORCID 0000-0001-8197-6010)

المصدر: Health Education Research. Apr 2022 37(2):61-78.

Peer Reviewed: Y

Page Count: 18

Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Marijuana, Risk, Health, National Surveys, Knowledge Level, Traffic Safety, Drug Use, Pregnancy, Infants, Nutrition, Addictive Behavior, Psychosis, Schizophrenia

مصطلحات جغرافية: United States, Canada

مستخلص: Few studies have compared knowledge of the specific health risks of cannabis across jurisdictions. This study aimed to examine perceptions of the health risks of cannabis in Canada and US states with and without legal non-medical cannabis. Cross-sectional data were collected from the 2018 and 2019 International Cannabis Policy Study online surveys. Respondents aged 16-65 (n = 72 459) were recruited from Nielsen panels using non-probability methods. Respondents completed questions on nine health effects of cannabis (including two 'false' control items). Socio-demographic data were collected. Regression models tested differences in outcomes between jurisdictions and by frequency of cannabis use, adjusting for socio-demographic factors. Across jurisdictions, agreement with statements on the health risks of cannabis was highest for questions on driving after cannabis use (66-80%), use during pregnancy/breastfeeding (61-71%) and addiction (51-62%) and lowest for risk of psychosis and schizophrenia (23-37%). Additionally, 12-18% and 6-7% of respondents agreed with the 'false' assertions that cannabis could cure/prevent cancer and cause diabetes, respectively. Health knowledge was highest among Canadian respondents, followed by US states that had legalized non-medical cannabis and lowest in states that had not legalized non-medical cannabis (P < 0.001). Overall, the findings demonstrate a substantial deficit in knowledge of the health risks of cannabis, particularly among frequent consumers.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Pracana, Clara, Wang, Michael, World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS) (Portugal)

المصدر: Online Submission. 2016.

Peer Reviewed: Y

Page Count: 428

Descriptors: Conferences (Gatherings), Educational Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Social Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Experimental Psychology, Psychotherapy, Psychosis, Foreign Countries, Trauma, Evidence Based Practice, Mental Health, Psychological Patterns, Psychological Needs, Emotional Response, Job Placement, Organizational Culture, Leadership Styles, Creativity, Innovation, Psychologists, Vignettes, Females, Gender Issues, Family Relationship, College Students, Measures (Individuals), Rating Scales, Social Services, Immigrants, Satisfaction, Parent Child Relationship, Attachment Behavior, Social Bias, Negative Attitudes, Self Concept, Empowerment, Professional Identity, Career Choice, Decision Making, Peer Relationship, Student Attitudes, Political Attitudes, Personality Traits, Ideology, Personality Measures, World Views, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Refugees, Museums, Executive Function, Cognitive Development, Play, Games, Parenting Styles, Safety, Well Being, Internet, Child Rearing, Practicum Supervision, Preschool Teachers, Hermeneutics, Music Education, Academic Achievement, Emotional Intelligence, Sense of Community, Self Determination, Student Role, Personal Autonomy, Self Efficacy, Value Judgment, Age Differences, Problem Solving, Short Term Memory, Planning, Attention, Sleep, Cognitive Processes, Risk, Athletics, Abstract Reasoning, Auditory Perception, Mental Disorders, Prenatal Influences, Human Body, Eating Disorders, Exercise, Gender Differences, Patients, Surgery, Depression (Psychology), Psychometrics, Pain, Screening Tests, Clinical Diagnosis, Psychopathology, Wellness, Cognitive Restructuring, Behavior Modification, Anxiety Disorders, Developmental Disabilities, Marriage, Adjustment (to Environment), Interpersonal Relationship, Self Control, Coping, Altruism, Conflict Resolution, Natural Disasters, Resilience (Psychology), Handheld Devices, Interpersonal Communication, Self Destructive Behavior, Audiences, Family Violence, Prevention, Counseling Psychology, Workshops, Correctional Institutions, Institutionalized Persons, Counselor Client Relationship, Psychiatry, Counselor Training, Nutrition, Information Sources, Stress Variables, Faculty Development, Visualization, Information Technology, Drinking, Smoking, Communication Skills, Friendship, Behavior Standards, Social Behavior, Security (Psychology), Eating Habits, Family Environment, Work Environment, Check Lists, Child Behavior, Prediction, Death, Anxiety, Graphs, Time Management, Military Personnel, Quality of Life, Cancer, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), Pregnancy, Sexual Identity, Social Support Groups, Sexual Abuse, Severity (of Disability), Child Abuse, Drug Use, Diseases, Dating (Social), Schizophrenia, Symptoms (Individual Disorders), Etiology, Autism, Multicultural Education, Gardening, Positive Reinforcement

مصطلحات جغرافية: United Kingdom, France, Portugal, Luxembourg, Russia, European Union, Canada, South Africa, Brazil, Spain, Malaysia, Philippines, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Slovenia, Turkey, Australia, Italy, Croatia, Kazakhstan, Japan, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Slovakia, Poland, United States

Assessment and Survey Identifiers: Eating Disorder Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Child Behavior Checklist

مستخلص: We are delighted to welcome you to the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT) 2016, taking place in Lisbon, Portugal, from 30 of April to 2 of May, 2016. Psychology, nowadays, offers a large range of scientific fields where it can be applied. The goal of understanding individuals and groups (mental functions and behavioral standpoints), from this academic and practical scientific discipline, is aimed ultimately to benefit society. This International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the several areas within the Psychology field, new developments in studies and proposals for future scientific projects. The goal is to offer a worldwide connection between psychologists, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in psychological issues. The conference is a forum that connects and brings together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. There is an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement the view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons there are nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. InPACT 2016 received 332 submissions, from 37 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form of Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference 96 submissions (29% acceptance rate). The conference also includes: (1) A keynote presentation from Prof. Dr. Richard Bentall (Institute of Psychology, Health & Society of the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom); (2) Three Special Talks, one from Emeritus Professor Carlos Amaral Dias (University of Coimbra, Director of Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Vice-President of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Private practitioner of psychiatry and psychoanalysis, Portugal) and Prof. Clara Pracana (Full and Training member of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Portugal), another from Emeritus Professor Michael Wang (University of Leicester, United Kingdom), and a third one from Dr. Conceição Almeida (Founder of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytical Psychotherapy, and Vice-President of the Board. Member of the Teaching Committee, Portugal); (3) An Invited Talk from Dr. Ana Vasconcelos (SAMS--Serviços de Assistência Médico-Social do Sindicato dos Bancários de Sul e Ilhas, founding member of the Portuguese Association of Psychoanalysis and Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, and member of NPA-Neuropshycanalysis Association, Portugal). Thus, we would like to express our gratitude to all our invitees. This volume is composed by the abstracts of the International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends (InPACT 2016), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.). This conference addresses different categories inside Applied Psychology area and papers fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program six main broad-ranging categories had been chosen, which also cover different interest areas: (1) In CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY: Emotions and related psychological processes; Assessment; Psychotherapy and counseling; Addictive behaviors; Eating disorders; Personality disorders; Quality of life and mental health; Communication within relationships; Services of mental health; and Psychopathology. (2) In EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: Language and cognitive processes; School environment and childhood disorders; Parenting and parenting related processes; Learning and technology; Psychology in schools; Intelligence and creativity; Motivation in classroom; Perspectives on teaching; Assessment and evaluation; and Individual differences in learning. (3) In SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY: Cross-cultural dimensions of mental disorders; Employment issues and training; Organizational psychology; Psychology in politics and international issues; Social factors in adolescence and its development; Social anxiety and self-esteem; Immigration and social policy; Self-efficacy and identity development; Parenting and social support; and Addiction and stigmatization. (4) In LEGAL PSYCHOLOGY: Violence and trauma; Mass-media and aggression; Intra-familial violence; Juvenile delinquency; Aggressive behavior in childhood; Internet offending; Working with crime perpetrators; Forensic psychology; Violent risk assessment; and Law enforcement and stress. (5) In COGNITIVE AND EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY: Perception, memory and attention; Decision making and problem-solving; Concept formation, reasoning and judgment; Language processing; Learning skills and education; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computer analogies and information processing (Artificial Intelligence and computer simulations); Social and cultural factors in the cognitive approach; Experimental methods, research and statistics; and Biopsychology. (6) In PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PSYCHOANALYTICAL PSYCHOTHERAPY: Psychoanalysis and psychology; The unconscious; The Oedipus complex; Psychoanalysis of children; Pathological mourning; Addictive personalities; Borderline organizations; Narcissistic personalities; Anxiety and phobias; Psychosis; Neuropsychoanalysis. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to Psychology and its applications. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters by sharing their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. Authors will be invited to publish extended contributions for a book to be published by inScience Press. We would like to express thanks to all the authors and participants, the members of the academic scientific committee, partners and, of course, to the organizing and administration team for making and putting this conference together. (Individual papers contain references.) [Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Jager, Gerry, Block, Robert I., Luijten, Maartje, Ramsey, Nick F.

المصدر: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. Jun 2010 49(6):561-572.

Peer Reviewed: Y

Page Count: 12

Descriptors: Marijuana, Psychosis, Adolescents, Short Term Memory, Foreign Countries, Brain, Depression (Psychology), Memory, Males, Cognitive Development, Evaluation, Task Analysis, Comparative Analysis, Science Education

مصطلحات جغرافية: Netherlands, United States

مستخلص: Objective: Early-onset cannabis use has been associated with later use/abuse, mental health problems (psychosis, depression), and abnormal development of cognition and brain function. During adolescence, ongoing neurodevelopmental maturation and experience shape the neural circuitry underlying complex cognitive functions such as memory and executive control. Prefrontal and temporal regions are critically involved in these functions. Maturational processes leave these brain areas prone to the potentially harmful effects of cannabis use. Method: We performed a two-site (United States and the Netherlands; pooled data) functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study with a cross-sectional design, investigating the effects of adolescent cannabis use on working memory (WM) and associative memory (AM) brain function in 21 abstinent but frequent cannabis-using boys (13-19) years of age and compared them with 24 nonusing peers. Brain activity during WM was assessed before and after rule-based learning (automatization). AM was assessed using a pictorial hippocampal-dependent memory task. Results: Cannabis users performed normally on both memory tasks. During WM assessment, cannabis users showed excessive activity in prefrontal regions when a task was novel, whereas automatization of the task reduced activity to the same level in users and controls. No effect of cannabis use on AM-related brain function was found. Conclusions: In adolescent cannabis users, the WM system was overactive during a novel task, suggesting functional compensation. Inefficient WM recruitment was not related to a failure in automatization but became evident when processing continuously changing information. The results seem to confirm the vulnerability of still developing frontal lobe functioning for early-onset cannabis use. (Contains 9 figures and 3 tables.)

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Swezey, James A., Thorp, Kimberly A.

المصدر: Journal of Research on Christian Education. 2010 19(3):286-312.

Peer Reviewed: Y

Page Count: 27

Descriptors: Elementary Secondary Education, School Safety, Violence, Weapons, Psychosis, School Security, Parochial Schools, Day Schools, Christianity, Campuses, Foreign Countries, Case Studies, Peer Influence, World Views, School Culture, Context Effect

مصطلحات جغرافية: Argentina, Australia, Canada, Finland, Germany, India, Israel, Lebanon, Norway, Thailand, United States

مستخلص: Dinkes, Cataldi, and Lin-Kelly (2007) claims that 78% of public schools reported one or more violent incidents during the 2005/2006 school year. School shootings are a rare but real threat on school campuses. Shootings at private schools are even less frequent with only a few recorded examples in the United States. This case study examines how a Christian K-12 day school averted a potential school shooting incident on campus, examines the affect on students and staff, and extrapolates a variety of lessons for students, parents, and educators. Educators in particular must remain vigilant and recognize the warning signs exhibited by troubled students. (Contains 1 footnote.)

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Eaton, William W., Garrison, Roberta

المصدر: International Migration Review. Win 1992 26(4):1395-1415.

Peer Reviewed: Y

Page Count: 21

Descriptors: Alcohol Abuse, Anxiety, Cubans, Depression (Psychology), Foreign Countries, Haitians, Hispanic Americans, Immigrants, Incidence, Mental Disorders, Mental Health, Migration, Psychosis, Socioeconomic Status

مصطلحات جغرافية: Cuba, Haiti, United States

مستخلص: Presents prevalence data on 4 specific mental disorders among 452 Cuban immigrants who arrived in the Mariel crisis and 500 Haitians who arrived in the United States at the same time. Only among the Cubans was the standard inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and rate of mental disorder observed. (SLD)

المؤلفون: Oh H; University of Southern California, United States. Electronic address: hansoh@usc.edu., Karcher NR; Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, United States., Li Verdugo J; University of Washington, United States., Botello R; Boston University, United States., DeVylder JE; New York University, United States., Anglin D; The City College of New York, United States.

المصدر: Psychiatry research [Psychiatry Res] 2024 Jul; Vol. 337, pp. 115959. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 11.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 7911385 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-7123 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01651781 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychiatry Res Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Psychotic Disorders*/ethnology , Students*/statistics & numerical data , Students*/psychology, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data ; Ethnicity/psychology ; Universities ; Health Status Disparities ; United States/ethnology ; Hispanic or Latino/statistics & numerical data ; Hispanic or Latino/psychology

مستخلص: Background: Ethno-racial variations of psychosis-like experiences exist in the general population; however, it is unknown whether this variation exists among emerging adults in higher education, and whether there are differences across ethnic groups within racial categories.
Methods: Using the Health Minds Study data from 2020 to 2021, we used multivariable logistic regression models to examine race/ethnicity and psychosis-like experiences, adjusting for socio-demographic characteristics (age, gender, international student status). We then adjusted for food insecurity, parental education, and social belonging.
Results: Black, Hispanic/Latinx, multiracial, and American Indian/Alaska Native students had greater odds of 12-month psychosis-like experiences when compared with White students. These associations attenuated and were no longer statistically significant for Black and Hispanic/Latinx students after adjusting for food insecurity and parental education. Multiracial and American Indian/Alaska Native students still had greater odds of psychosis-like experiences after further adjusting for sense of belonging. When looking at ethnic subgroups, Filipinx and multi-ethnic Asian students had significantly greater odds than East Asian students, and multi-ethnic Black students had greater odds than African Americans.
Conclusion: Odds of psychosis-like experiences vary across and within ethno-racial categories among emerging adults in higher education. Future research may explore psychosis as a disparity impacting Native American/Alaska Native and multiracial/multi-ethnic populations.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

المؤلفون: Webster KD; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA., Gunter TD; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA., Vohs JL; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA., Breier A; Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.

المصدر: Early intervention in psychiatry [Early Interv Psychiatry] 2024 Jun; Vol. 18 (6), pp. 425-430. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 29.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: Australia NLM ID: 101320027 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1751-7893 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17517885 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Early Interv Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Psychotic Disorders*/epidemiology, Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Criminals/statistics & numerical data ; Criminals/psychology ; Criminals/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States/epidemiology ; Crime/statistics & numerical data ; Crime/legislation & jurisprudence ; Young Adult ; Indiana/epidemiology

مستخلص: Aim: Individuals experiencing early phase psychosis (EPP) are at increased risk for legal involvement. In prior studies, between 14% and 75% of individuals with EPP reported a history of criminal offending behaviour, criminal charges, or criminal convictions. To better understand the frequency of criminal conviction in a specialty treatment clinic serving EPP clients, the research team supplemented self-reported data from the clinic intake with information from publicly available databases.
Methods: In this sample of 309 adults, approximately one quarter of patients (n = 76) self-reported a history of arrest, incarceration, probation, or parole within 6 months of enrolment in a treatment clinic. The research team expanded upon this and collected data from a public database of court proceedings in Indiana for all clinic participants before and after enrolment.
Results: Thirty-nine percent (n = 122) had three or more traffic tickets or a conviction for an ordinance violation, misdemeanour, or felony in the state of Indiana as an adult. This is over two times the national average. Drug and alcohol related convictions were the most common single conviction type, and 29% (n = 89) of subjects experienced at least one incarceration.
Conclusions: These data highlight the need for specialty clinics to partner with professionals with expertise in the prevention and management of criminal behaviour. Future studies should examine risk factors for individuals experiencing EPP and criminal conviction.
(© 2023 The Authors. Early Intervention in Psychiatry published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

المؤلفون: Michaels TI; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York (Michaels, Simon-Pearson, Cornblatt); Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York (Michaels, Kane); Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York (Simon-Pearson); Institute of Behavioral Science (Kane) and Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience (Cornblatt), Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York., Simon-Pearson L; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York (Michaels, Simon-Pearson, Cornblatt); Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York (Michaels, Kane); Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York (Simon-Pearson); Institute of Behavioral Science (Kane) and Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience (Cornblatt), Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York., Kane JM; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York (Michaels, Simon-Pearson, Cornblatt); Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York (Michaels, Kane); Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York (Simon-Pearson); Institute of Behavioral Science (Kane) and Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience (Cornblatt), Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York., Cornblatt B; Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, New York (Michaels, Simon-Pearson, Cornblatt); Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, New York (Michaels, Kane); Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York (Simon-Pearson); Institute of Behavioral Science (Kane) and Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience (Cornblatt), Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York.

المصدر: Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) [Psychiatr Serv] 2024 May 01; Vol. 75 (5), pp. 451-460. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 11.

نوع المنشور: Systematic Review; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9502838 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1557-9700 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10752730 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychiatr Serv Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Psychotic Disorders*/ethnology, Humans ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Patient Selection ; United States ; North America

مستخلص: Objective: The NIH has mandated equal representation of Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) individuals in clinical research, but it is unclear whether such inclusion has been achieved in multisite research studies of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis or with first-episode psychosis (FEP). An assessment of inclusion rates is important for understanding the social determinants of psychosis and psychosis risk that specifically affect BIPOC individuals.
Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review of the literature published between 1993 and 2022 of multisite research studies of clinical high risk for psychosis and FEP in North America to determine ethnoracial inclusion rates. Using an online systematic review tool, the authors checked 2,278 studies for eligibility. Twelve studies met all inclusion criteria. Data were extracted, and demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, study design, and recruitment strategies used by each study were analyzed.
Results: Most (62%) of the participants in studies of clinical high risk for psychosis were White. Compared with national data, the demographic characteristics of individuals with clinical high risk were representative across most ethnoracial groups. Black participants (43%) made up the largest ethnoracial group in FEP studies and were overrepresented compared with their representation in the U.S. population. FEP studies were more likely to recruit participants from community mental health centers than were the studies of clinical high risk.
Conclusions: Although these results suggest high representation of BIPOC individuals in psychosis research, opportunities exist for an improved focus on ethnoracial representation. The authors offer recommendations for practices that may increase ethnoracial diversity in future psychosis study samples.
Competing Interests: Dr. Kane reports being a consultant to or receiving honoraria from Alkermes, Allergan, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cerevel, Sumitomo, HealthRhythms, HLS, Indivior, Intracellular Therapies, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Johnson & Johnson, LB Pharmaceuticals, Lundbeck, Merck, Minerva, Neurocrine, Newron, Novartis, NW PharmaTech, Otsuka, Roche, Saladax, Sunovion, and Teva; serving on advisory boards for Boehringer-Ingelheim, Cerevel, Click Therapeutics, Lundbeck, Merck, Newron, Novartis, Otsuka, Sumitomo, and Teva; receiving grant support from Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, and Sunovion; being a shareholder in LB Pharmaceuticals, Inc., MedinCell, North Shore Therapeutics, Sage, and Vanguard Research Group; and receiving royalties from UpToDate. The other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.

المؤلفون: Chung W; Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco (Chung); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland (Jiang); Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York (Milham); Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, N.Y. (Milham); Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Merikangas, Paksarian)., Jiang SF; Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco (Chung); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland (Jiang); Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York (Milham); Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, N.Y. (Milham); Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Merikangas, Paksarian)., Milham MP; Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco (Chung); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland (Jiang); Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York (Milham); Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, N.Y. (Milham); Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Merikangas, Paksarian)., Merikangas KR; Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco (Chung); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland (Jiang); Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York (Milham); Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, N.Y. (Milham); Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Merikangas, Paksarian)., Paksarian D; Department of Psychiatry, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Francisco (Chung); Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland (Jiang); Center for the Developing Brain, Child Mind Institute, New York (Milham); Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, N.Y. (Milham); Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, NIMH, Bethesda, Md. (Merikangas, Paksarian).

المصدر: The American journal of psychiatry [Am J Psychiatry] 2023 Nov 01; Vol. 180 (11), pp. 805-814. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 04.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0370512 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1535-7228 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0002953X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Psychiatry Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Ethnicity* , Psychotic Disorders*/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders*/ethnology, Humans ; Incidence ; Retrospective Studies ; United States ; Racial Groups

مستخلص: Objective: The authors examined recent trends in incidence of psychotic disorders, demographic characteristics, and comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions among six racial/ethnic groups.
Method: A retrospective cohort study design was used to examine the incidence of psychotic disorders across race/ethnicity groups and comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions among members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California from 2009 to 2019 (N=5,994,758). Poisson regression was used to assess changes in annual incidence, and Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex were used to test correlates and consequences.
Results: Overall, the incidence of nonaffective psychotic disorders decreased slightly over the study period. Compared with White members, the risk of nonaffective psychosis diagnosis was higher among Black (hazard ratio=2.13, 95% CI=2.02-2.24) and American Indian or Alaskan Native (AIAN) (hazard ratio=1.85, 95% CI=1.53-2.23) members and lower among Asian (hazard ratio=0.72, 95% CI=0.68-0.76) and Hispanic (hazard ratio=0.91, 95% CI=0.87-0.96) members, as well as those whose race/ethnicity was categorized as "other" (hazard ratio=0.92, 95% CI=0.86-0.99). Compared with White members, the risk of affective psychosis diagnosis adjusted for age and sex was higher among Black (hazard ratio=1.76, 95% CI=1.62-1.91), Hispanic (hazard ratio=1.09, 95% CI=1.02-1.16), and AIAN (hazard ratio=1.38, 95% CI=1.00-1.90) members and lower among Asian (hazard ratio=0.77, 95% CI=0.71-0.83), Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander (hazard ratio=0.69, 95% CI=0.48-0.99), and "other" (hazard ratio=0.86, 95% CI=0.77-0.96) members. Psychotic disorders were associated with significantly higher odds of suicide (odds ratio=2.65, 95% CI=2.15-3.28), premature death (odds ratio=1.30, 95% CI=1.22-1.39), and stroke (odds ratio=1.64, 95% CI=1.55-1.72) and lower odds of health care utilization (odds ratio=0.44, 95% CI=0.42-0.47).
Conclusions: This study demonstrates racial and ethnic variation in incident psychotic disorder diagnoses in the United States, compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Individuals diagnosed with psychosis face a greater burden of other negative health outcomes and lower odds of health care utilization, reflecting personal and economic impacts. Identifying risk factors for elevated rates and protective influences in subgroups can inform strategies for prevention and interventions to ameliorate severe consequences of psychotic syndromes.
Competing Interests: The authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.

المؤلفون: Kurhan F; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65100, Van, Turkey., Akın M; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65100, Van, Turkey.

المصدر: Current Alzheimer research [Curr Alzheimer Res] 2023; Vol. 20 (6), pp. 403-408.

نوع المنشور: Systematic Review; Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Country of Publication: United Arab Emirates NLM ID: 101208441 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1875-5828 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15672050 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Alzheimer Res Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Psychotic Disorders*/drug therapy , Psychotic Disorders*/etiology , Alzheimer Disease*/complications , Alzheimer Disease*/drug therapy , Parkinson Disease*/drug therapy , Antipsychotic Agents*/therapeutic use, United States ; Humans ; Urea/therapeutic use ; Urea/pharmacology

مستخلص: Alzheimer's disease (AD) ranks first among the causes of dementia worldwide. AD can develop a psychotic manifest at a significant rate. AD prognosis worsens by added psychosis clinic. There is no treatment approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) among antipsychotics for Alzheimer's disease Psychosis (ADP). However, pimavanserine, an atypical antipsychotic, has been approved by the FDA for Parkinson's psychosis. It is predicted that pimavanserin, a new antipsychotic, will fill an important gap in this area. In clinical trials, it appears to be effective in the treatment of delusions and hallucinations at psychosis in both Parkinson's and AD. In this systematic review, we evaluated the analysis of current literature data on pimavanserin used in ADP. We searched the existing literature on clinical studies on pimavanserin therapy used in ADP. Data were determined by systematically searching PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar until December 2022. A total of 35 citations were found and uploaded on the Mendeley program. Abstracts and full texts of literature data were examined. Pimavanserin was observed, and satisfactory results were obtained in treating ADP. Pimavanserin has a unique mechanism of action. Pimavanserin, an atypical antipsychotic drug, has a low affinity for 5-HT2C receptors and has selective 5-HT2A reverse agonist/antagonist action. Pimavanserin has no clinically significant affinity for dopaminergic, histaminergic, muscarinic or adrenergic receptors. This agent may also achieve significant positive results in resistant psychosis treatments.
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