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المؤلفون: Smith, Ewan St J
المساهمون: Smith, Ewan [0000-0002-2699-1979], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
مصطلحات موضوعية: 42 Health Sciences, 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, 3202 Clinical Sciences, 4207 Sports Science and Exercise
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URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::be1c9cc62e8e64c30e638f571c30eccb
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المؤلفون: Zapata-Diomedi, B, Both, A, Abbas, A, Woodcock, J, Kroen, A, Davern, M, Gunn, L
المساهمون: Zapata-Diomedi, B [0000-0002-9238-0375], Woodcock, J [0000-0003-4769-5375], Kroen, A [0000-0003-2036-4373], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
مصطلحات موضوعية: Aging, Prevention, 4206 Public Health, 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities, 42 Health Sciences, 3304 Urban and Regional Planning, 3 Good Health and Well Being, 3509 Transportation, Logistics and Supply Chains, 33 Built Environment and Design, 35 Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services, Metabolic and endocrine
الوصف: Introduction: Being physically active has multiple health benefits and contributes to the reduction of co-morbidities and mortality from chronic diseases. Active transport (walking and cycling) contributes to population health by enabling physical activity. We developed a simulation model to measure health impacts of transport scenarios for Melbourne, Australia. Our aim was to demonstrate active transport health impacts and support the materialization of policies for healthy cities and people. The model measures health impacts of increased physical activity from replacing short car trips for any purpose or for commuting under 5 km by walking and cycling. Methods: We developed a micro-simulation model of physical activity and disease risk in combination with the well-established proportional multi-state life table model. We quantified life course health including health adjusted-life years, life years, new cases of diseases prevented, and deaths prevented for 14 chronic diseases associated with physical inactivity for the adult population of people from Melbourne, Australia in 2017. Results: Over the life course of the Melbourne adult population of 3.6 million people in 2017, gains in health-adjusted life years ranged from 5,100 (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI) 3,700 to 6,500) for the scenario replacing commute trips by car under 1 km with walking up to 738,800 (95% UI 546,000 to 935,000) when replacing car trips under 2 km with walking and between 2 km and 5 km with cycling. We also estimated benefits in terms of reductions of new cases of diseases and deaths prevented, with the greatest gains for ischemic heart disease, stroke, Alzheimer's and other dementias and type 2 diabetes. Conclusions: We found that shifting car travel to active modes would accrue important health benefits for the 2017 Melbourne population. Our results support policies and strategies for sustainable transport planning to contribute to reduce the burden from chronic diseases and environmental impact of car-oriented cities.
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URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_______109::09fd9ef212f7c1fa4050da7b653a8ae3
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/353463 -
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المؤلفون: Tolley, Abraham, Hassan, Refaat, Sanghera, Rohan, Grewal, Kirpal, Kong, Ruige, Sodhi, Baani, Basu, Saurav
المساهمون: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
مصطلحات موضوعية: Comparative Effectiveness Research, 4 Quality Education, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, India, 42 Health Sciences, 3 Good Health and Well Being, Health Services, 4203 Health Services and Systems, non-communicable diseases, systematic review, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Research, medication adherence, Chronic Disease, Behavioral and Social Science, 4206 Public Health, Humans, Noncommunicable Diseases, interventions
الوصف: IntroductionCost-effective interventions that improve medication adherence are urgently needed to address the epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India. However, in low- and middle-income countries like India, there is a lack of analysis evaluating the effectiveness of adherence improving strategies. We conducted the first systematic review evaluating interventions aimed at improving medication adherence for chronic diseases in India.MethodsA systematic search on MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted. Based on a PRISMA-compliant, pre-defined methodology, randomized control trials were included which: involved subjects with NCDs; were located in India; used any intervention with the aim of improving medication adherence; and measured adherence as a primary or secondary outcome.ResultsThe search strategy yielded 1,552 unique articles of which 22 met inclusion criteria. Interventions assessed by these studies included education-based interventions (n = 12), combinations of education-based interventions with regular follow up (n = 4), and technology-based interventions (n = 2). Non-communicable diseases evaluated commonly were respiratory disease (n = 3), type 2 diabetes (n = 6), cardiovascular disease (n = 8) and depression (n = 2).ConclusionsAlthough the vast majority of primary studies supporting the conclusions were of mixed methodological quality, patient education by CHWs and pharmacists represent promising interventions to improve medication adherence, with further benefits from regular follow-up. There is need for systematic evaluation of these interventions with high quality RCTs and their implementation as part of wider health policy.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022345636, identifier: CRD42022345636.
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URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a78bc45e1e0abbfa61cffe96ae01fbbe
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المؤلفون: Lynsey N. Spillman, Angela M. Madden, Holly Richardson, Fumiaki Imamura, Danielle Jones, Marilyn Nash, Hong Kai Lim, Holly N. Hellawell, Kirsten L. Rennie, Linda M. Oude Griep, Michael Allison, Simon J. Griffin
المساهمون: Spillman, Lynsey N [0000-0003-1409-0273], Madden, Angela M [0000-0001-6353-6492], Jones, Danielle [0000-0003-0372-5579], Lim, Hong Kai [0000-0002-7266-7790], Oude Griep, Linda M [0000-0001-7697-7473], Allison, Michael [0000-0003-3677-3294], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
مصطلحات موضوعية: Transplantation, Nutrition and Dietetics, Liver Disease, Prevention, 42 Health Sciences, 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Organ Transplantation, Cardiovascular, Oral and gastrointestinal, Diet, Liver Transplantation, Eating, Cardiovascular Diseases, Fruit, 3210 Nutrition and Dietetics, Vegetables, 4206 Public Health, Humans, Digestive Diseases, Liver transplant, Metabolic and endocrine, Food Science, Cancer, Nutrition
الوصف: Cardiovascular disease and its concurrent risk factors are prevalent after liver transplant (LT). Most of these risk factors are modifiable by diet. We aimed to synthesise the literature reporting the nutritional intake of liver transplant recipients (LTR) and the potential determinants of intake. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses of studies published up until July 2021 reporting the nutritional intake of LTR. The pooled daily mean intakes were recorded as 1998 (95% CI 1889, 2108) kcal, 17 (17, 18)% energy from protein, 49 (48, 51)% energy from carbohydrates, 34 (33, 35)% energy from total fat, 10 (7, 13)% energy from saturated fat, and 20 (18, 21) g of fibre. The average fruit and vegetable intake ranged from 105 to 418 g/day. The length of time post-LT and the age and sex of the cohorts, as well as the continent and year of publication of each study, were sources of heterogeneity. Nine studies investigated the potential determinants of intake, time post-LT, gender and immunosuppression medication, with inconclusive results. Energy and protein requirements were not met in the first month post-transplant. After this point, energy intake was significantly higher and remained stable over time, with a high fat intake and low intake of fibre, fruits and vegetables. This suggests that LTR consume a high-energy, low-quality diet in the long term and do not adhere to the dietary guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention.
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https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/353423 -
5Assessing the reporting quality of early phase dose-finding trial protocols: a methodological review
المؤلفون: Guillermo Villacampa, Dhrusti Patel, Haiyan Zheng, Jessica McAleese, Jan Rekowski, Olga Solovyeva, Zhulin Yin, Christina Yap
المساهمون: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Zheng, Haiyan [0000-0002-3385-2117]
مصطلحات موضوعية: Oncology, Dose-escalation, Dose-finding, 4206 Public Health, Early Phase Trials, 42 Health Sciences, 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, General Medicine, 4203 Health Services and Systems, 3202 Clinical Sciences, Protocols, Spirit
الوصف: BACKGROUND: The paradigm of early phase dose-finding trials has evolved in recent years. Innovative dose-finding designs and protocols which combine phases I and II are becoming more popular in health research. However, the quality of these trial protocols is unknown due to a lack of specific reporting guidelines. Here, we evaluated the reporting quality of dose-finding trial protocols. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of oncology and non-oncology early phase dose-finding trial protocols posted on ClinicalTrials.gov in 2017-2023. A checklist of items comprising: 1) the original 33-items from the SPIRIT 2013 Statement and 2) additional items unique to dose-finding trials were used to assess reporting quality. The primary endpoint was the overall proportion of adequately reported items. This study was registered with PROSPERO (no: CRD42022314572). FINDING: A total of 106 trial protocols were included in the study with the rule-based 3 + 3 being the most used trial design (39.6%). Eleven model-based and model-assisted designs were identified in oncology trials only (11/58, 19.0%). The overall proportion of adequately reported items was 65.1% (95%CI: 63.9-66.3%). However, the reporting quality of each individual item varied substantially (range 9.4%-100%). Oncology study protocols showed lower reporting quality than non-oncology. In the multivariable analysis, trials with larger sample sizes and industry funding were associated with higher proportions of adequately reported items (all p-values
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https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/350780 -
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المؤلفون: Eran Orr, Tal Arbel, Miki Levy, Yaron Sela, Omer Weissberger, Omer Liran, Jeremy Lewis
المصدر: Archives of Physiotherapy. 13
مصطلحات موضوعية: 42 Health sciences, exercise therapy, musculoskeletal, neck pain, Rehabilitation, Health sciences, virtual reality, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, FOS: Health sciences, physiotherapy and rehabilitation, low back pain
الوصف: Background Clinically, neck pain disorders (NPD) and non-specific low back pain (NS-LBP) are respectively the fourth and first most common conditions associated with the greatest number of years lived with disability. Remote delivery of care may benefit healthcare sustainability, reduce environmental pollution, and free up space for those requiring care non-virtual care. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 82 participants with NS-LBP and/or NPD who received exercise therapy delivered solely in the metaverse using virtually reality. The study was to determine if this was achievable, safe, had appropriate outcome measures that could be collected, and if there was any early evidence of beneficial effects. Results The study demonstrated that virtual reality treatment delivered via the metaverse appears to be safe (no adverse events or side effects). Data for more than 40 outcome measures were collected. Disability from NS-LBP was significantly reduced (Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index) by 17.8% (p p = 0.02). Conclusions The data suggest that this method of providing exercise therapy was feasible, and safe (no adverse events reported), that complete reports were obtained from a large selection of patients, and that software acquired outcomes were obtainable over a range of time points. Further prospective research is necessary to better understand our clinical findings.
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المؤلفون: Lesley A. Inker, Hiddo J.L. Heerspink, Tord Rikte, Shira Perl, Sapphire investigators, Tom Greene, Vlado Perkovic, Magnus K. Bjursell, Fredrik Erlandsson, Robert Terkeltaub, Austin G. Stack
المساهمون: Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC)
المصدر: Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 37(8), 1461-1471. Oxford University Press
مصطلحات موضوعية: verinu, Pyridines, FOS: Health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, verinurad, URAT1 inhibitor, Aluminum Oxide, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, randomized controlled clinical trial, OUTCOMES, DEATH, Nephrology, TRIAL, Febuxostat, CANAGLIFLOZIN, medicine.symptom, Glomerular Filtration Rate, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Allopurinol, Urology, Renal function, Hyperuricemia, URIC-ACID, Naphthalenes, Placebo, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, hyperuricaemia, medicine, CKD, Albuminuria, Humans, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Demography, Transplantation, 42 Health sciences, business.industry, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Health sciences, medicine.disease, LIFE, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, chemistry, Uric acid, MEDIATORS, Propionates, business, chronic kidney disease, Kidney disease
الوصف: Background Verinurad is a human uric acid (UA) transporter (URAT1) inhibitor known to decrease serum UA (sUA) levels and that may reduce albuminuria. In a Phase 2a study (NCT03118739), treatment with verinurad + febuxostat lowered urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) at 12 weeks by 39% (90% confidence interval 4–62%) among patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperuricaemia and albuminuria. The Phase 2b, randomized, placebo-controlled Study of verinurAd and alloPurinol in Patients with cHronic kIdney disease and hyperuRicaEmia (SAPPHIRE; NCT03990363) will examine the effect of verinurad + allopurinol on albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) slope among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hyperuricaemia. Methods Adults (≥18 years of age) with CKD, eGFR ≥25 mL/min/1.73 m2, UACR 30–5000 mg/g and sUA ≥6.0 mg/dL will be enrolled. Approximately 725 patients will be randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to 12, 7.5 or 3 mg verinurad + allopurinol, allopurinol or placebo. An 8-week dose-titration period will precede a 12-month treatment period; verinurad dose will be increased to 24 mg at Month 9 in a subset of patients in the 3 mg verinurad + allopurinol arm. The primary efficacy endpoint the is change from baseline in UACR at 6 months. Secondary efficacy endpoints include changes in UACR, eGFR and sUA from baseline at 6 and 12 months. Conclusions This study will assess the combined clinical effect of verinurad + allopurinol on kidney function in patients with CKD, hyperuricaemia and albuminuria, and whether this combination confers renoprotection beyond standard-of-care.
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https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfab237 -
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المؤلفون: Stefanie M. Croghan, Leah Hayes, Eabhann M. O’Connor, Mark Rochester, William Finch, Anne Carrie, Shane W. Considine, Frank D’Arcy, Aisling Nic an Riogh, Wasim Mahmalji, Mohammed Elhadi, Helen Thursby, Ian Pearce, Vaibhav Modgil, Hosam Noweir, Eoin MacCraith, Aideen Madden, Rustom Manecksha, Eva Browne, Subhasis K. Giri, Connor V. Cunnane, John Mulvihill, Michael T. Walsh, Niall F. Davis, Hugh D. Flood
المصدر: Journal of Investigative Surgery. 35:1761-1766
مصطلحات موضوعية: Aged, 80 and over, Male, 42 Health sciences, injury, iatrogenic, Iatrogenic Disease, Aftercare, Health sciences, catheter, Middle Aged, FOS: Health sciences, Patient Discharge, trauma, Engineering, Urethra, Urethral Diseases, Humans, Female, Surgery, Prospective Studies, Urinary Catheterization, 40 Engineering, Aged
الوصف: Objectives: To perform a multi-institutional investigation of incidence and outcomes of urethral trauma sustained during attempted catheterization. Patients & Methods: A prospective, multi-center study was conducted over a designated 3-4month period, incorporating seven academic hospitals across the UK and Ireland. Cases of urethral trauma arising from attempted catheterization were recorded. Variables included sites of injury, management strategies and short-term clinical outcomes. The catheterization injury rate was calculated based on the estimated total number of catheterizations occurring in each center per month. Anonymised data were collated, evaluated and described. Results: Sixty-six urethral catheterization injuries were identified (7 centers; mean 3.43months). The mean injury rate was 6.2±3.8 per 1000 catheterizations (3.18–14.42/1000). All injured patients were male, mean age 76.1±13.1years. Urethral catheterization injuries occurred in multiple hospital/community settings, most commonly Emergency Departments (36%) and medical/surgical wards (30%). Urological intervention was required in 94.7% (54/57), with suprapubic catheterization required in 12.3% (n=7). More than half of patients (55.56%) were discharged with an urethral catheter, fully or partially attributable to the urethral catheter injury. At least one further healthcare encounter on account of the injury was required for 90% of patients post-discharge. Conclusions: This is the largest study of its kind and confirms that iatrogenic urethral trauma is a recurring medical error seen universally across institutions, healthcare systems and countries. In addition, urethral catheter injury results in significant patient morbidity with a substantial financial burden to healthcare services. Future innovation to improve the safety of urinary catheterization is warranted.
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المؤلفون: Saunders, Catherine L, Lund, Jenny, Mason, Amy M, Roberts, Meg, Smith, Jack, Duschinsky, Robbie
المساهمون: Saunders, Catherine L [0000-0002-3127-3218], Lund, Jenny [0000-0001-7727-9925], Mason, Amy M [0000-0002-8019-0777], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
المصدر: Sexes. 3:325-335
مصطلحات موضوعية: Mental Health, 7.1 Individual care needs, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, 42 Health Sciences, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, 3 Good Health and Well Being, Generic health relevance, 8 Health and social care services research, Health Services, 4203 Health Services and Systems, 7 Management of diseases and conditions, 44 Human Society
الوصف: Background: The large-scale quantitative evidence base to understand and improve health and healthcare outcomes for people who are trans and/or non-binary is still developing, although what research there is suggests that risk of poor health is high, and experiences of healthcare services are often poor. In 2021 the GP Patient Survey, which is carried out annually to measure patient experience in primary care in England, added inclusive questions about gender identity and trans status for the first time. Methods: This protocol paper pre-registers the methods that we will use for this work for a secondary analysis of these data, including both the statistical analysis protocol and early patient and public involvement work, to answer the following three research questions: (1) What are the (a) demographic characteristics, (b) health conditions, and (c) healthcare experiences of trans and/or non-binary adults in England? (2) Was there any difference in whether people who are trans and/or non-binary had been asked to shield during the COVID-19 pandemic or not compared with all other survey responders? (3) Does the relationship between being trans and/or non-binary, and self-reported long-term mental health problems, autism and autistic spectrum disorder and learning disability vary by age, gender, ethnicity, deprivation, sexual orientation or region?
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المؤلفون: Mukoma, G, Wrottesley, SV, Kagura, J, Oni, T, Micklesfield, L, Norris, SA
المساهمون: Mukoma, G [0000-0002-3305-9274], Wrottesley, SV [0000-0002-5419-2920], Kagura, J [0000-0002-6608-6930], Micklesfield, L [0000-0002-4994-0779], Norris, SA [0000-0001-7124-3788], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
المصدر: South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition. :1-7
مصطلحات موضوعية: 2 Aetiology, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Nutrition and Dietetics, Prevention, 42 Health Sciences, Medicine (miscellaneous), 32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular, Oral and gastrointestinal, Stroke, Clinical Research, 3210 Nutrition and Dietetics, Behavioral and Social Science, 4206 Public Health, Obesity, Metabolic and endocrine, Nutrition, Cancer
الوصف: BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), dietary knowledge and patterns, and physical activity level with body mass index of urban South African young women. METHODS: Data were collected on 160 black South African women (aged 18–24 years) and included household SES, food frequency and nutritional knowledge questionnaires, self-reported physical activity and anthropometry. To assess household SES index, 1–7 assets were categorised as a lower household SES and those with 8–13 assets as a higher household SES. Structural equation modelling analysis was used to determine the direct, indirect and total effects on adiposity of household SES, age, education, nutrition knowledge score, dietary patterns and physical activity. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was similar among women from high SES households compared with their low SES peers (48.4 vs. 44.8%). More than half (53%) of the women had poor dietary knowledge. Women from low SES households spent more time in moderate to vigorous intensity exercise (MVPA) compared with their high SES counterparts. Two distinct dietary patterns (Western and mixed) were identified. SEM results show that a unit increase in adherence to the ‘Mixed’ dietary pattern compared with ‘Western’ was associated with a 0.81 lower BMI kg/m2 (95% CI −1.54; −0.08), while ≥ 150 minutes’ MVPA per week was associated with a 1.94 lower BMI kg/m2 (95% CI −3.48; −0.41). CONCLUSION: The associations of SES, diet and physical activity on BMI must be taken into account when developing and designing interventions that target improvement in young women’s health.
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