المؤلفون: Alicja Maria Nogacka, Silvia Saturio, Guadalupe Monserrat Alvarado-Jasso, Nuria Salazar, Clara G. de los Reyes Gavilán, Ceferino Martínez-Faedo, Adolfo Suarez, Ruipeng Wang, Kenji Miyazawa, Gaku Harata, Akihito Endo, Silvia Arboleya, Miguel Gueimonde

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 25, Iss 2, p 1003 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: gut microbiota, fecal culture, probiotics, extreme obesity, antibiotic resistance genes, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: The imbalance of the gut microbiota (GM) is known as dysbiosis and is associated with disorders such as obesity. The increasing prevalence of microorganisms harboring antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in the GM has been reported as a potential risk for spreading multi-drug-resistant pathogens. The objective of this work was the evaluation, in a fecal culture model, of different probiotics for their ability to modulate GM composition and ARG levels on two population groups, extremely obese (OB) and normal-weight (NW) subjects. Clear differences in the basal microbiota composition were observed between NW and OB donors. The microbial profile assessed by metataxonomics revealed the broader impact of probiotics on the OB microbiota composition. Also, supplementation with probiotics promoted significant reductions in the absolute levels of tetM and tetO genes. Regarding the blaTEM gene, a minor but significant decrease in both donor groups was detected after probiotic addition. A negative association between the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae and the tetM gene was observed. Our results show the ability of some of the tested strains to modulate GM. Moreover, the results suggest the potential application of probiotics for reducing the levels of ARG, which constitutes an interesting target for the future development of probiotics.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/2/1003; https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596; https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/4649cebdadd743dc9306e1cf3bc14555

المؤلفون: Li Ang, Gabriel Vinderola, Akihito Endo, Juha Kantanen, Chen Jingfeng, Ana Binetti, Patricia Burns, Shi Qingmiao, Ding Suying, Yu Zujiang, David Rios-Covian, Anastasia Mantziari, Shea Beasley, Carlos Gomez-Gallego, Miguel Gueimonde, Seppo Salminen

المصدر: Communications Biology, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biology (General), QH301-705.5

الوصف: Li Ang et al. present an investigation of feral and domesticated horse gut microbiomes across three continents. Their results provide new insight into how changes in horse lifestyle are reflected in the resident gut microbiome.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2399-3642

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/88e935f58e59417b9944c13968fe60af

المؤلفون: Shintaro Maeno, Hiroya Nishimura, Yasuhiro Tanizawa, Leon Dicks, Masanori Arita, Akihito Endo

المصدر: BMC Microbiology, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria, Convergent evolution, Comparative genomics, Apilactobacillus, Fructobacillus, adhE, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: Abstract Background Fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) found in D-fructose rich niches prefer D-fructose over D-glucose as a growth substrate. They need electron acceptors for growth on D-glucose. The organisms share carbohydrate metabolic properties. Fructobacillus spp., Apilactobacillus kunkeei, and Apilactobacillus apinorum are members of this unique group. Here we studied the fructophilic characteristics of recently described species Apilactobacillus micheneri, Apilactobacillus quenuiae, and Apilactobacillus timberlakei. Results The three species prefer D-fructose over D-glucose and only metabolize D-glucose in the presence of electron acceptors. The genomic characteristics of the three species, i.e. small genomes and thus a low number of coding DNA sequences, few genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and partial deletion of adhE gene, are characteristic of FLAB. The three species thus are novel members of FLAB. Reduction of genes involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism in accordance with reduction of genome size were the common characteristics of the family Lactobacillaceae, but FLAB markedly reduced the gene numbers more than other species in the family. Pan-genome analysis of genes involved in metabolism displayed a lack of specific carbohydrate metabolic pathways in FLAB, leading to a unique cluster separation. Conclusions The present study expanded FLAB group. Fructose-rich environments have induced similar evolution in phylogenetically distant FLAB species. These are examples of convergent evolution of LAB.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2180

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/4b76d79d989742749776580353b9e5ab

المؤلفون: Shunya Suzuki, Koki Fujita, Shintaro Maeno, Yuh Shiwa, Akihito Endo, Kenji Yokota, Shizunobu Igimi, Akinobu Kajikawa

المصدر: BMC Microbiology, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Motile lactobacilli, Lactobacillus agilis, Isolation, PCR detection, Animal feces, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: Abstract Background Most lactobacilli found in animal intestines are generally non-motile, but there are few exceptions. Our previous work showed that Lactobacillus agilis BKN88, which is a highly motile strain originating from a chicken, takes advantage of motility in gut colonization in murine models, and thus motile lactobacilli likely have unique ecological characteristics conferred by motility. However, the ecology and habitat of gut-derived motile lactobacilli are still rarely understood. In addition, the limited availability of motile Lactobacillus isolates is one of the major obstacles for further studies. To gain insight into the ecology and habitat of the motile lactobacilli, we established a routinely applicable detection method for motile lactobacilli using PCR and subsequent selective isolation in semi-solid MRS medium for the collection of additional motile lactobacilli from animal feces. Results We applied the PCR detection using motile lactobacilli-specific primers, based on the motor switch protein gene (fliG) of flagella, to 120 animal feces, followed by selective isolation performed using 45 animal feces. As a result, motile lactobacilli were detected in 44 animal feces. In the selective isolation, 29 isolates of L. agilis and 2 isolates of L. ruminis were obtained from 8 animal species. Conclusions These results indicated that motile lactobacilli are distributed in different animal species. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis of the L. agilis isolates suggests co-evolution with the host, and adaptation to a particular environmental niche.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12866-020-01830-7; https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2180

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/ef1b0703398a49a09d464da9061e9a44

المؤلفون: Alicja Maria Nogacka, Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán, Silvia Arboleya, Patricia Ruas-Madiedo, Ceferino Martínez-Faedo, Adolfo Suarez, Fang He, Gaku Harata, Akihito Endo, Nuria Salazar, Miguel Gueimonde

المصدر: Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 12 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: in vitro model, gut microbiota, probiotics, gas production, severe obesity, Bifidobacterium, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: The intestinal microbiota plays important roles in the maintenance of health. Strategies aiming at its modulation, such as probiotics, have received a deal of attention. Several strains have been studied in different in vitro models; however, the correlation of results obtained with the in vivo data has been limited. This questions the usefulness of such in vitro selection models, traditionally relying on over-simplified tests, not considering the influence of the accompanying microbiota or focusing on microbiota composition without considering functional traits. Here we assess the potential of six Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus strains in an in vitro model to determine their impact on the microbiota not just in terms of composition but also of functionality. Moreover, we compared the responses obtained in two different population groups: normal-weight and severely obese subjects. Fecal cultures were conducted to evaluate the impact of the strains on specific intestinal microbial groups, on the production of short-chain fatty acids, and on two functional responses: the production of gas and the interaction with human intestinal epithelial cells. The response to the different probiotics differed between both human groups. The addition of the probiotic strains did not induce major changes on the microbiota composition, with significant increases detected almost exclusively for the species added. Higher levels of gas production were observed in cultures from normal-weight subjects than in the obese population, with some strains being able to significantly reduce gas production in the latter group. Moreover, in obese subjects all the Bifidobacterium strains tested and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG were able to modify the response of the intestinal cells, restoring values similar to those obtained with the microbiotas of normal-weight subjects. Our results underline the need for the screening and selection of probiotics in a target-population specific manner by using appropriate in vitro models before enrolling in clinical intervention trials.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.630572/full; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/df0a556636e64812a32ffbd9523495c4

المؤلفون: Akihito Endo, Ryosuke Koizumi, Yozo Nakazawa, Yuh Shiwa, Shintaro Maeno, Yoshihiko Kido, Tomohiro Irisawa, Yoshiki Muramatsu, Kotaro Tada, Masao Yamazaki, Takao Myoda

المصدر: MicrobiologyOpen, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: aroma, Debaryomyces, dry‐aging pork, microbiota, proteolysis, Pseudomonas, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: Abstract Dry aging (DA) allows for the storage of meat without packaging at 0 to 3°C for several weeks. It enhances the production of pleasant flavors, tenderness, and juiciness in meat. Due to the long storage period and roles of indigenous microbiota in the maturation of several meat products, the microbiota of DA meat is of interest in terms of microbial contributions and food hygiene but has not yet been characterized in detail. This study identified the microbiota of pork loins during DA using culturing and culture‐independent meta‐16S rRNA gene sequencing and elucidated its characteristics. The amounts of free amino acids and profiles of aroma‐active compounds were also monitored by high‐performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, respectively. The meta‐16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that Pseudomonas spp. generally dominated the microbiota throughout DA; however, the culturing analysis showed marked changes in the species composition during DA. Acinetobacter spp. were the second most dominant bacteria before DA in the culture‐independent analysis but became a minor population during DA. The cell numbers of yeasts showed an increased tendency during DA, and Debaryomyces hansenii was the only microorganism isolated from all meat samples throughout DA. Well‐known foodborne pathogens were not observed in two microbiota analyses. The amounts of free amino acids were increased by DA, and the number of aroma‐active compounds and their flavor dilution values markedly changed during DA. Most microbial isolates showed positive reactions with proteolytic and lipolytic activities, suggesting their contribution to tenderness and aroma production in DA meats.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-8827

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/bf78e18b61054a9ea1e0646af09122b5

المؤلفون: Hiroki Tanno, Tadashi Fujii, Katsuaki Hirano, Shintaro Maeno, Takashi Tonozuka, Mitsuo Sakamoto, Moriya Ohkuma, Takumi Tochio, Akihito Endo

المصدر: Gut Microbes, Vol 13, Iss 1 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: butyrate producing bacteria, gh32, fructooligosaccharide, kestose, nystose, genome, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869

الوصف: Butyrate produced by gut microbiota has multiple beneficial effects on host health, and oligosaccharides derived from host diets and glycans originating from host mucus are major sources of its production. A significant reduction of butyrate-producing bacteria has been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancers. Although gut butyrate levels are important for host health, oligosaccharide metabolic properties in butyrate producers are poorly characterized. We studied the metabolic properties of fructooligosaccharides (FOSs) and other prebiotic oligosaccharides (i.e. raffinose and xylooligosaccharides; XOSs) in gut butyrate producers. 1-Kestose (kestose) and nystose, FOSs with degrees of polymerization of 3 and 4, respectively, were also included. Fourteen species of butyrate producers were divided into four groups based on their oligosaccharide metabolic properties, which are group A (two species) metabolizing all oligosaccharides tested, group F (four species) metabolizing FOSs but not raffinose and XOSs, group XR (four species) metabolizing XOSs and/or raffinose but not FOSs, and group N (four species) metabolizing none of the oligosaccharides tested. Species assigned to groups A and XR are rich glycoside hydrolase (GH) holders, whereas those in groups F and N are the opposite. In total, 17 enzymes assigned to GH32 were observed in nine of the 14 butyrate producers tested, and species that metabolized FOSs had at least one active GH32 enzyme. The GH32 enzymes were divided into four clusters by phylogenetic analysis. Heterologous gene expression analysis revealed that the GH32 enzymes in each cluster had similar FOS degradation properties within clusters, which may be linked to the conservation/substitution of amino acids to bind with substrates in GH32 enzymes. This study provides important knowledge to understand the impact of FOS supplementation on the activation of gut butyrate producers. Abbreviations: SCFA, short chain fatty acid; FOS, fructooligosaccharide; XOS, xylooligosaccharide; CAZy, Carbohydrate Active Enzymes; CBM, carbohydrate-binding module; PUL, polysaccharide utilization locus; S6PH sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1949-0976; https://doaj.org/toc/1949-0984

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/33ce9a92e02b49818782ab92f1ea286b

المؤلفون: Takeshi Zendo, Chihiro Ohashi, Shintaro Maeno, Xingguo Piao, Seppo Salminen, Kenji Sonomoto, Akihito Endo

المصدر: Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 11 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: bacteriocins, lantibiotics, nisin, Apilactobacillus kunkeei, Melissococcus plutonius, fructophilic lactic acid bacteria, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: Apilactobacillus kunkeei FF30-6 isolated from healthy honey bees synthesizes the bacteriocin, which exhibits antimicrobial activity against Melissococcus plutonius. The bacteriocin, kunkecin A, was purified through three-step chromatography, and mass spectrometry revealed that its relative molecular mass was 4218.3. Edman degradation of purified kunkecin A showed only the N-terminal residue, isoleucine. Hence, alkaline alkylation made the subsequent amino acid residues accessible to Edman degradation, and 30 cycles were sequenced with 11 unidentified residues. Whole genome sequencing of A. kunkeei FF30-6, followed by Sanger sequencing, revealed that the genes encoding the proteins involved in lantibiotic biosynthesis were within the plasmid, pKUNFF30-6. Most of the identified proteins exhibited significant sequence similarities to the biosynthetic proteins of nisin A and its variants, such as subtilin. However, the kunkecin A gene cluster lacked the genes corresponding to nisI, nisR, and nisK of the nisin A biosynthetic gene cluster. A comparison of the gene products of kukA and nisA (kunkecin A and nisin A structural genes, respectively) suggested that they had similar post-translational modifications. Furthermore, the structure of kunkecin A was proposed based on a comparison of the observed and calculated relative molecular masses of kunkecin A. The structural analysis revealed that kunkecin A and nisin A had a similar mono-sulfide linkage pattern. Purified kunkecin A exhibited a narrow antibacterial spectrum, but high antibacterial activity against M. plutonius. Kunkecin A is the first bacteriocin to be characterized in fructophilic lactic acid bacteria and is the first nisin-type lantibiotic found in the family Lactobacillaceae.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2020.571903/full; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/52edd6c1bf1a457ab6f2d269360da14d

المؤلفون: Sanet Nel, Stephen B. Davis, Akihito Endo, Leon M. T. Dicks

المصدر: MicrobiologyOpen, Vol 9, Iss 8, Pp n/a-n/a (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: dextran, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, phylogenetic analysis, sugarcane, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: Abstract High levels of gums such as dextran, produced by Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus spp., have a severe impact on factory throughput and sugar quality. This study aimed to determine the phylogenetic relationships between gum‐producing Leuconostoc and Lactobacillus bacteria which were isolated from various locations in a sugarcane processing factory at times when low‐ and high‐dextran raw sugar, respectively, were produced. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences grouped 81 isolates with the type strains of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (subspp. mesenteroides, dextranicum, and cremoris), Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Leuconostoc lactis, and Leuconostoc citreum, respectively. Forty‐three isolates clustered with the type strain of Lactobacillus fermentum. The phylogenetic relatedness of the isolates was determined by sequencing and analysis of the housekeeping genes rpoA and dnaA for Leuconostoc spp. and the pheS and tuf genes for the Lactobacillus spp. The rpoA gene proved discriminatory for the phylogenetic resolution of all of the isolated Leuconostoc spp. and the dnaA housekeeping gene was shown to be effective for isolates clustering with the type strains of Leuc. mesenteroides and Leuc. citreum. None of the loci examined permitted differentiation at the subspecies level of Leuc. mesenteroides. Single‐locus analysis, as well as the concatenation of the pheS and tuf housekeeping gene sequences, yielded identical phylogenies for the Lactobacillus isolates corresponding to L. fermentum.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-8827

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/0c3a35a98ff84e7ca9cf4373b51fc9c4

المؤلفون: Ayako Watanabe, Takumi Tochio, Yoshihiro Kadota, Motoki Takahashi, Yasuyuki Kitaura, Hirohito Ishikawa, Takanori Yasutake, Masahiro Nakano, Hiroe Shinohara, Toru Kudo, Yuichiro Nishimoto, Yoshinori Mizuguchi, Akihito Endo, Yoshiharu Shimomura

المصدر: Nutrients, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 2983 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: insulin resistance, obesity, prebiotics, gut microbiota, Bifidobacterium, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641

الوصف: Insulin resistance leads to the onset of medical conditions such as type 2 diabetes, and its development is associated with the alteration in the gut microbiota. Although it has been demonstrated that supplementation with prebiotics modulates the gut microbiota, limited evidence is available for effects of prebiotics on insulin resistance, especially for humans. We investigated the prebiotic effect of 1-kestose supplementation on fasting insulin concentration in obesity-prone humans and rats. In the preliminary study using rats, the hyperinsulinemia induced by high-fat diet was suppressed by intake of water with 2% (w/v) 1-kestose. In the clinical study using obese-prone volunteers, the fasting serum insulin level was significantly reduced from 6.5 µU/mL (95% CI, 5.5–7.6) to 5.3 (4.6–6.0) by the 12-week intervention with supplementation of 10 g 1-kestose/day, whereas it was not changed by the intervention with placebo (6.2 µU/mL (5.4–7.1) and 6.5 (5.5–7.6) before and after intervention, respectively). The relative abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium was significantly increased to 0.3244 (SD, 0.1526) in 1-kestose-supplemented participants compared to that in control participants (0.1971 (0.1158)). These results suggest that prebiotic intervention using 1–kestose may potentially ameliorate insulin resistance in overweight humans via the modulation of the gut microbiota. UMIN 000028824.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/9/2983; https://doaj.org/toc/2072-6643

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/0ed81ea2bf3f4d45847e9f1531ba5ec7