المؤلفون: Roberto Pierro, Mariarosaria De Pascali, Alessandra Panattoni, Alessandro Passera, Alberto Materazzi, Luigi De Bellis, Andrea Luvisi, Piero Attilio Bianco, Fabio Quaglino

المصدر: International Journal of Plant Biology, Vol 13, Iss 2, Pp 15-30 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: bois noir, symptoms, Vitis vinifera cv. Sangiovese, grapevine yellows, protein prediction, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5

الوصف: Grapevine “bois noir”, related to the presence of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (‘Ca. P. solani’), represents a serious threat in several vine-growing areas worldwide. In surveys conducted over two years, mild and/or moderate symptoms and lower pathogen titer were mainly associated with ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains harboring a secY gene sequence variant (secY52), whereas severe symptoms and higher titer were mainly observed in grapevines infected by phytoplasma strains carrying any one of another four variants. A comparison of amino acid sequences of the protein SecY of ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains revealed the presence of conservative and semi-conservative substitutions. The deduced three-dimensional (3D) protein analysis unveiled that one semi-conservative substitution identified in the sequence variant secY52 is responsible for a structural disordered region that probably confers a flexibility for binding to distinct molecular complexes. In fact, the other analyzed variants show an organized structure and the 3D in silico prediction allowed the identification of β-sheets. Thus, differences in symptom severity and pathogen concentration observed in grapevines infected by ‘Ca. P. solani’ strains carrying distinct secY gene sequence variants suggest a possible relationship between SecY protein structure and phytoplasma strain virulence.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.mdpi.com/2037-0164/13/2/4; https://doaj.org/toc/2037-0164

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/b7ff0037cdef47e7a317b1a33c7ba320

المؤلفون: Sylvie Malembic-Maher, Delphine Desqué, Dima Khalil, Pascal Salar, Bernard Bergey, Jean-Luc Danet, Sybille Duret, Marie-Pierre Dubrana-Ourabah, Laure Beven, Ibolya Ember, Zoltan Acs, Michele Della Bartola, Alberto Materazzi, Luisa Filippin, Slobodan Krnjajic, Oliver Krstić, Ivo Toševski, Friederike Lang, Barbara Jarausch, Maria Kölber, Jelena Jović, Elisa Angelini, Nathalie Arricau-Bouvery, Michael Maixner, Xavier Foissac

المصدر: PLoS Pathogens, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e1007967 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607, Biology (General), QH301-705.5

الوصف: Flavescence dorée (FD) is a European quarantine grapevine disease transmitted by the Deltocephalinae leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus. Whereas this vector had been introduced from North America, the possible European origin of FD phytoplasma needed to be challenged and correlated with ecological and genetic drivers of FD emergence. For that purpose, a survey of genetic diversity of these phytoplasmas in grapevines, S. titanus, black alders, alder leafhoppers and clematis were conducted in five European countries. Out of 132 map genotypes, only 11 were associated to FD outbreaks, three were detected in clematis, whereas 127 were detected in alder trees, alder leafhoppers or in grapevines out of FD outbreaks. Most of the alder trees were found infected, including 8% with FD genotypes M6, M38 and M50, also present in alders neighboring FD-free vineyards and vineyard-free areas. The Macropsinae Oncopsis alni could transmit genotypes unable to achieve transmission by S. titanus, while the Deltocephalinae Allygus spp. and Orientus ishidae transmitted M38 and M50 that proved to be compatible with S. titanus. Variability of vmpA and vmpB adhesin-like genes clearly discriminated 3 genetic clusters. Cluster Vmp-I grouped genotypes only transmitted by O. alni, while clusters Vmp-II and -III grouped genotypes transmitted by Deltocephalinae leafhoppers. Interestingly, adhesin repeated domains evolved independently in cluster Vmp-I, whereas in clusters Vmp-II and-III showed recent duplications. Latex beads coated with various ratio of VmpA of clusters II and I, showed that cluster II VmpA promoted enhanced adhesion to the Deltocephalinae Euscelidius variegatus epithelial cells and were better retained in both E. variegatus and S. titanus midguts. Our data demonstrate that most FD phytoplasmas are endemic to European alders. Their emergence as grapevine epidemic pathogens appeared restricted to some genetic variants pre-existing in alders, whose compatibility to S. titanus correlates with different vmp gene sequences and VmpA binding properties.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7366; https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7374

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/1d80c4cc7eaa4b0cacc4e9b362578007

المؤلفون: Alessandro Passera, Yan Zhao, Sergio Murolo, Roberto Pierro, Emilija Arsov, Nicola Mori, Abdelhameed Moussa, Maria R. Silletti, Paola Casati, Alessandra Panattoni, Wei Wei, Sasa Mitrev, Alberto Materazzi, Andrea Luvisi, Gianfranco Romanazzi, Piero A. Bianco, Robert E. Davis, Fabio Quaglino

المصدر: Pathogens, Vol 9, Iss 11, p 970 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: elongation Factor-Tu, hemolysin, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), Vitis vinifera L., Medicine

الوصف: Grapevine Bois noir (BN) is associated with infection by “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani” (CaPsol). In this study, an array of CaPsol strains was identified from 142 symptomatic grapevines in vineyards of northern, central, and southern Italy and North Macedonia. Molecular typing of the CaPsol strains was carried out by analysis of genes encoding 16S rRNA and translation elongation factor EF-Tu, as well as eight other previously uncharacterized genomic fragments. Strains of tuf-type a and b were found to be differentially distributed in the examined geographic regions in correlation with the prevalence of nettle and bindweed. Two sequence variants were identified in each of the four genomic segments harboring hlyC, cbiQ-glyA, trxA-truB-rsuA, and rplS-tyrS-csdB, respectively. Fifteen CaPsol lineages were identified based on distinct combinations of sequence variations within these genetic loci. Each CaPsol lineage exhibited a unique collective restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern and differed from each other in geographic distribution, probably in relation to the diverse ecological complexity of vineyards and their surroundings. This RFLP-based typing method could be a useful tool for investigating the ecology of CaPsol and the epidemiology of its associated diseases. Phylogenetic analyses highlighted that the sequence variants of the gene hlyC, which encodes a hemolysin III-like protein, separated into two clusters consistent with the separation of two distinct lineages on the basis of tufB gene sequences. Alignments of deduced full protein sequences of elongation factor-Tu (tufB gene) and hemolysin III-like protein (hlyC gene) revealed the presence of critical amino acid substitutions distinguishing CaPsol strains of tuf-type a and b. Findings from the present study provide new insights into the genetic diversity and ecology of CaPsol populations in vineyards.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/11/970; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/d6ddfdb9aef04555a2aaa6dc302e182b

المؤلفون: Simone Magni, Mino Sportelli, Nicola Grossi, Marco Volterrani, Alberto Minelli, Michel Pirchio, Marco Fontanelli, Christian Frasconi, Monica Gaetani, Luisa Martelloni, Andrea Peruzzi, Michele Raffaelli, Marco Mazzoncini, Daniele Antichi, Giovanni Caruso, Giacomo Palai, Alberto Materazzi, Gabriele Vittori, Lisa Caturegli

المصدر: Agriculture, Vol 10, Iss 5, p 189 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: soil protection, robotic mower, turfgrass, innovative agronomic practice, soil management, Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: The establishment of permanent cover crops is becoming a common practice in vineyard floor management. Turfgrass science may provide species and techniques with a high potential for improving the sustainability of vineyard floor management. Based on this assumption, an experiment was carried out during 2018 and 2019 at the Donna Olimpia Vineyard, Bolgheri, Italy. The trial aimed at comparing an innovative floor management system based on a turf-type cultivar of bermudagrass mown with an autonomous mower with a conventional floor management system. Ground cover percentage, energy consumption, CO2 emissions, grapevine water status, leaf nitrogen content, fruit yield and must composition have been assessed in order to perform the comparison. The innovative vineyard floor management produced an almost complete ground cover (98%) at the end of the second growing season, with the resident species reduced to a small percentage (4%). Resident species growing under-trellis were efficiently controlled without herbicide applications. A lower primary energy consumption and a reduction in CO2 emissions were observed for the innovative management system compared to the conventional management system. Grapevine water status, leaf chlorophyll content, soil–plant analyses development (SPAD), fruit yields and must composition were similar between the different soil management systems. Based on results obtained in this trial, turf-type bermudagrass and innovative mowing machines may contribute to enhance the sustainability of vineyard floor management.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/5/189; https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0472

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/dce68b7c2c2e462ebba7d981a407573b

المؤلفون: Carmine Negro, Erika Sabella, Francesca Nicolì, Roberto Pierro, Alberto Materazzi, Alessandra Panattoni, Alessio Aprile, Eliana Nutricati, Marzia Vergine, Antonio Miceli, Luigi De Bellis, Andrea Luvisi

المصدر: Pathogens, Vol 9, Iss 4, p 269 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Bois noir, grapevine cultivar (cv.) Sangiovese, plant-phytoplasma interaction, phenylpropanoid compounds, Medicine

الوصف: Bois noir is a disease associated with the presence of phytoplasma ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ belonging to the Stolbur group (subgroup 16SrXII-A), which has a heavy economic impact on grapevines. This study focused on the changes induced by phytoplasma in terms of the profile and amount of secondary metabolites synthesized in the phenylpropanoid pathway in leaves of Vitis vinifera L. red-berried cultivar Sangiovese. Metabolic alterations were assessed according to the disease progression through measurements of soluble sugars, chlorophyll, and phenolic compounds produced by plant hosts, in response to disease on symptomatic and asymptomatic Bois noir-positive plants. Significant differences were revealed in the amount of soluble sugars, chlorophyll, and accumulation/reduction of some compounds synthesized in the phenylpropanoid pathway of Bois noir-positive and negative grapevine leaves. Our results showed a marked increase in phenolic and flavonoid production and a parallel decrease in lignin content in Bois noir-positive compared to negative leaves. Interestingly, some parameters (chlorophyll a, soluble sugars, total phenolic or flavonoids content, proanthocyanidins, quercetin) differed between Bois noir-positive and negative leaves regardless of symptoms, indicating measurable biochemical changes in asymptomatic leaves. Our grapevine cultivar Sangiovese results highlighted an extensive modulation of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway as a defense mechanism activated by the host plant in response to Bois noir disease.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/4/269; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/23f005f482da412189237ff9a33a70bc

المؤلفون: Roberto Pierro, Alessandra Panattoni, Alessandro Passera, Alberto Materazzi, Andrea Luvisi, Augusto Loni, Marco Ginanni, Andrea Lucchi, Piero Attilio Bianco, Fabio Quaglino

المصدر: Pathogens, Vol 9, Iss 4, p 268 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: grapevine yellows, Reptalus quinquecostatus, Vitis vinifera cv. Sangiovese, MLST, stamp, secY, Medicine

الوصف: Bois noir (BN), associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (CaPsol), is the most widespread disease of the grapevine yellows complex worldwide. In this work, BN epidemiology was investigated in a case study vineyard where an unusual CaPsol strain, previously detected only in other host plants, was found to be prevalent in grapevine. Experimental activities included: symptom observation; sampling of symptomatic vines, Auchenorrhyncha specimens, and weeds; molecular detection and typing of CaPsol strains; statistical analyses for determining possible relationships between CaPsol relative concentration, strain type, and symptom severity. Among insects, Reptalus quinquecostatus was the most abundant and was found to be highly infected by CaPsol, while Hyalesthes obsoletus, the main CaPsol vector, was not caught. Moreover, R. quinquecostatus harbored CaPsol strains carrying uniquely the stamp sequence variant St10, also identified as prevalent in vines and in the majority of weeds, and all the secY variants identified in the vineyard. Statistical analyses revealed that CaPsol strains carrying the St10 variant are not associated with severe symptoms, suggesting their possible moderate virulence. Based on such evidence, a new BN epidemiological pattern related to these CaPsol strains and involving grapevine, R. quinquecostatus, and/or weeds is proposed. Furthermore, the possible presence of other players (vectors and weeds) involved in CaPsol transmission to grapevines was highlighted.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/4/268; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-0817

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/00fdbe4c442c4017a3f1b05c562dc4ad

المؤلفون: Domenico Rizzo, Alberto Materazzi, L. Stefani, Alessandra Panattoni, Roberto Pierro, Guido Marchi, Tamara Cinelli, Luigi De Bellis, Andrea Luvisi

المصدر: Advances in Horticultural Science, Vol 32, Iss 2 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: bois noir, flavescence dorée, grapevine yellows, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Botany, QK1-989

الوصف: Quantitative PCR protocols for phytoplasma detection were used to monitor grapevine yellows (GY) in 373 vineyards located in nine Tuscan districts. Among more than 70,000 plants visually monitored, 1.867 plants were sampled and “flavescence dorée” phytoplasmas (FD) were detected in 122 plants and mainly identified as trains belonging to 16SrV-C subgroup. The “bois noir” (BN) phytoplasma was found in 734 samples, with prevalence of tufB type-b strains. The 2013–2015 monitoring program was strongly influenced by the first survey (2012) in which FD was found consistently in the North West (15 samples), whereas only a few cases were observed in the East territory (2 samples). Both areas were thoroughly monitored in the following years: few foci were found in the East (2 in 2014, 1 in 2015), while several infected areas were found in the North West (6, 10 and 22 foci in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively). Definitely, the novel FD foci detected in the survey (17, 6, 12 and 23 in each year of survey) and the widespread of BN, suggest a dangerous distribution of GY in Tuscany.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://oaj.fupress.net/index.php/ahs/article/view/3147; https://doaj.org/toc/0394-6169; https://doaj.org/toc/1592-1573

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/2db2925760a5425fa4e9359991c90d2c

المؤلفون: Erika Sabella, Roberto Pierro, Andrea Luvisi, Alessandra Panattoni, Claudio D'Onofrio, Giancarlo Scalabrelli, Eliana Nutricati, Alessio Aprile, Luigi De Bellis, Alberto Materazzi

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 13, Iss 7, p e0200875 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: The health status of the native grapevine Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris (Gmeli) Hegi in natural areas in Europe has received little attention. A survey was carried out on wild grapevines in Tuscany (Italy), where isolates of the Grapevine rupestris stem pitting virus (GRSPaV), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 and 3 (GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3) and Grapevine virus A (GVA) were detected. The complete coat protein (CP) region of these isolates was sequenced to investigate the relationship of the viral variants from Tuscan wild grapevines with isolates from different geographical origins. According to the phylogenetic analyses, GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 isolates from Tuscan wild grapevines clustered with isolates from cultivated grapevines with nucleotide sequence identities ranging from 66% to 87% and from 72.5% to 99% respectively, without any correlation between the distribution and geographical origin. Conversely, GRSPaV and GVA isolates clustered together with other Italian isolates from V. vinifera with nucleotide sequence identities ranging from 71.14% to 96.12% and from 73.5% to 92%, respectively. Our analysis of the whole amino acid sequences revealed a high conservation level for the studied proteins explained by a selective pressure on this genomic region, probably due to functional constraints imposed on CP, such as specific interactions with cellular receptors in the insect vectors necessary for successful transmission. In addition, analyses of genetic recombination suggest no significant point mutations that might play a significant role in genetic diversification. The dN/dS ratio also estimated a low number of non-silent mutations, highlighting the purifying selective pressure. The widespread distribution of the Rugose wood complex (GRSPaV and GVA associated disease) in comparison with the Grapevine Leafroll associated viruses (GLRaV-1 and -3) could explain the major geographical correlation found for the viral variants detected in Tuscany.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6051638?pdf=render; https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/7779d244b7da493c810eea7839aa953e

المؤلفون: Guido MARCHI, Tamara CINELLI, Domenico RIZZO, Luciana STEFANI, Emanuele GOTI, Michele DELLA BARTOLA, Andrea LUVISI, Alessandra PANATTONI, Alberto MATERAZZI

المصدر: Phytopathologia Mediterranea, Vol 54, Iss 3 (2015)

مصطلحات موضوعية: wild plants, root infections, bois noir epidemiology, Botany, QK1-989

الوصف: Wild herbaceous dicotyledonous plants (dicots) showing symptoms ascribable to phytoplasma disorders were found to be widely distributed in organic vineyards in central Tuscany (Italy) affected by bois noir, a grapevine yellows disease caused by “Candidatus Phytoplasma solani”. In 2010 symptomatic dicots were tentatively identified to species level and the incidence of symptoms estimated in two selected vineyards in the province of Florence. Incidence ranged from 2 to 77%, and was not related to the relative abundance of hosts since very common species as well as relatively rare ones were consistently found to be symptomatic. PCR indexing and 16S rRNA sequence analyses indicated that two phytoplasmas co-existed in the vineyards: “Ca. P. solani”, infecting the root systems of 17 taxa, and a phytoplasma closely related to “Ca. P. phoenicium”, infecting 11 taxa, and occasionally co-infecting the same plant. Regardless of the high frequency of both pathogens in the vineyards, only “Ca. P. solani” could be detected in the grapevines. Population screening by means of tuf sequence analyses revealed the presence of only the tuf-b “Ca. P. solani” type both in dicot hosts and grapevine. This supports current notions of bois noir epidemiology, indicating that some infected dicots act as sources of “Ca. P. solani” inoculum whereas others are dead-end hosts. When the same specimens were screened by sequence analysis of the vmp1 gene, evidence was found that different phytoplasma genotypes may be predominant in grapevines and dicots.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://oajournals.fupress.net/index.php/pm/article/view/5641; https://doaj.org/toc/0031-9465; https://doaj.org/toc/1593-2095

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/c27eb8d4a4b34561944471dd2447907d

المؤلفون: Roberto Pierro, Athos Pedrelli, Monica Marra, Slavica Matić, Luca Baldaccini, Alberto Materazzi, Augusto Loni, Andrea Lucchi, Alessandra Panattoni, Carmine Marcone, Fabio Quaglino

مصطلحات موضوعية: Phytoplasma, Epidemiology, Insect vector, secY, Stamp, Grapevine, Settore AGR/12 - Patologia Vegetale, Plant Science, Horticulture, Agronomy and Crop Science

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::411fb12274b13eef35b95febff2c287c
https://hdl.handle.net/2434/944180