المؤلفون: Andronescu LR; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Richard SA; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Scher AI; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Lindholm DA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, United States of America., Mende K; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, United States of America., Ganesan A; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Huprikar N; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Lalani T; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, United States of America., Smith A; Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, United States of America., Mody RM; William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX, United States of America., Jones MU; Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States of America., Bazan SE; Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, Fort Hood, TX, United States of America., Colombo RE; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States of America., Colombo CJ; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, United States of America., Ewers E; Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, United States of America., Larson DT; Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, United States of America.; Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America., Maves RC; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America., Berjohn CM; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America., Maldonado CJ; Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg, NC, United States of America., English C; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Sanchez Edwards M; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Rozman JS; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Rusiecki J; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Byrne C; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Simons MP; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Tribble D; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Burgess TH; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Pollett SD; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America., Agan BK; Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States of America.

المصدر: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Apr 16; Vol. 19 (4), pp. e0297481. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 16 (Print Publication: 2024).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: COVID-19*/complications , COVID-19*/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders*, Humans ; Self Report ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Follow-Up Studies ; Longitudinal Studies ; Fatigue/epidemiology ; Fatigue/etiology

مستخلص: Background: Chronic neuropsychological sequelae following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including depression, anxiety, fatigue, and general cognitive difficulties, are a major public health concern. Given the potential impact of long-term neuropsychological impairment, it is important to characterize the frequency and predictors of this post-infection phenotype.
Methods: The Epidemiology, Immunology, and Clinical Characteristics of Emerging Infectious Diseases with Pandemic Potential (EPICC) study is a longitudinal study assessing the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in U.S. Military Healthcare System (MHS) beneficiaries, i.e. those eligible for care in the MHS including active duty servicemembers, dependents, and retirees. Four broad areas of neuropsychological symptoms were assessed cross-sectionally among subjects 1-6 months post-infection/enrollment, including: depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7), fatigue (PROMIS® Fatigue 7a), and cognitive function (PROMIS® Cognitive Function 8a and PROMIS® Cognitive Function abilities 8a). Multivariable Poisson regression models compared participants with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection history on these measures, adjusting for sex, ethnicity, active-duty status, age, and months post-first positive or enrollment of questionnaire completion (MPFP/E); models for fatigue and cognitive function were also adjusted for depression and anxiety scores.
Results: The study population included 2383 participants who completed all five instruments within six MPFP/E, of whom 687 (28.8%) had at least one positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Compared to those who had never tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, the positive group was more likely to meet instrument-based criteria for depression (15.4% vs 10.3%, p<0.001), fatigue (20.1% vs 8.0%, p<0.001), impaired cognitive function (15.7% vs 8.6%, p<0.001), and impaired cognitive function abilities (24.3% vs 16.3%, p<0.001). In multivariable models, SARS-CoV-2 positive participants, assessed at an average of 2.7 months after infection, had increased risk of moderate to severe depression (RR: 1.44, 95% CI 1.12-1.84), fatigue (RR: 2.07, 95% CI 1.62-2.65), impaired cognitive function (RR: 1.64, 95% CI 1.27-2.11), and impaired cognitive function abilities (RR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.15-1.71); MPFP/E was not significant.
Conclusions: Participants with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were up to twice as likely to report cognitive impairment and fatigue as the group without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings underscore the continued importance of preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and while time since infection/enrollment was not significant through 6 months of follow-up, this highlights the need for additional research into the long-term impacts of COVID-19 to mitigate and reverse these neuropsychological outcomes.
Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. S. D. P., T. H. B., J.S.R., and M.P.S. report that the Uniformed Services University (USU) Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program (IDCRP), a US Department of Defense institution, and the Henry M. Jackson Foundation (HJF) were funded under a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement to conduct an unrelated phase III COVID-19 monoclonal antibody immunoprophylaxis trial sponsored by AstraZeneca. The HJF, in support of the USU IDCRP, was funded by the Department of Defense Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Defense to augment the conduct of an unrelated phase III vaccine trial sponsored by AstraZeneca. Both of these trials were part of the US Government COVID-19 response. Neither is related to the work presented here. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
(Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.)

SCR Disease Name: general anxiety disorder

المؤلفون: Andronescu LR, Richard SA, Laing ED, Pisanic N, Coggins SA, Rivera MG, Kruczynski K, Saperstein AK, Modi J, Fraser JA, Shaikh S, Broder CC, Burgess TH, Heaney CD, Pollett SD, Millar E, Coles CL, Simons MP

المصدر: Emerging infectious diseases [Emerg Infect Dis] 2023 Sep; Vol. 29 (9), pp. 1925-1928. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 14.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9508155 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1080-6059 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10806040 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Emerg Infect Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: SARS-CoV-2* , COVID-19*/diagnosis , COVID-19*/epidemiology, Humans ; Saliva ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques

مستخلص: The optimal approach to COVID-19 surveillance in congregate populations remains unclear. Our study at the US Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland, USA, assessed the concordance of antibody prevalence in longitudinally collected dried blood spots and saliva in a setting of frequent PCR-based testing. Our findings highlight the utility of salivary-based surveillance.

المؤلفون: Andronescu LR; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA., Buchwald AG; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA., Sharma A; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA., Bauleni A; Malaria Alert Center, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi., Mawindo P; Malaria Alert Center, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi., Liang Y; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA., Gutman JR; Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, 30333, USA., Mathanga DP; Malaria Alert Center, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi., Chinkhumba J; Malaria Alert Center, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi., Laufer MK; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21201, USA. mlaufer@som.umaryland.edu.

المصدر: Malaria journal [Malar J] 2023 Jul 26; Vol. 22 (1), pp. 217. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 26.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Malaria, Falciparum*/complications , Malaria, Falciparum*/epidemiology , Malaria*/complications , Anemia*/epidemiology , Anemia*/complications, Humans ; Infant ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Hemoglobins

مستخلص: Background: Infants under 6 months of age are often excluded from malaria surveillance and observational studies. The impact of malaria during early infancy on health later in childhood remains unknown.
Methods: Infants from two birth cohorts in Malawi were monitored at quarterly intervals and whenever they were ill from birth through 24 months for Plasmodium falciparum infections and clinical malaria. Poisson regression and linear mixed effects models measured the effect of exposure to malaria in infancy on subsequent malaria incidence, weight-for-age z-scores (WAZ), and haemoglobin concentrations after 6 months.
Results: Infants with at least one P. falciparum infection during their first 6 months had increased incidence ratio (IRR) of P. falciparum infection (IRR = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.06-1.52) and clinical malaria (IRR = 2.37, 95% CI, 2.02-2.80) compared to infants without infection. Infants with clinical malaria had increased risk of P. falciparum infection incidence between 6 and 24 months (IRR = 1.64, 95% CI, 1.38-1.94) and clinical malaria (IRR = 1.85, 95% CI, 1.48-2.32). Exposure to malaria was associated with lower WAZ over time (p = 0.02) and lower haemoglobin levels than unexposed infants at every time interval (p = 0.02).
Conclusions: Infants experiencing malaria infection or clinical malaria are at increased risk of subsequent infection and disease, have poorer growth, and lower haemoglobin concentrations.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Andronescu LR; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Sharma A; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Peterson I; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Kachingwe M; Malaria Alert Center, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi., Kachepa W; Malaria Alert Center, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi., Liang Y; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Gutman JR; Malaria Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Mathanga DP; Malaria Alert Center, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi., Chinkhumba J; Malaria Alert Center, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi., Laufer MK; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

المصدر: The Journal of infectious diseases [J Infect Dis] 2022 Jan 18; Vol. 225 (2), pp. 248-256.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0413675 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1537-6613 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00221899 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Infect Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Antimalarials/*therapeutic use , Artemisinins/*therapeutic use , Malaria/*drug therapy , Malaria/*prevention & control , Parasitemia/*prevention & control , Piperazines/*therapeutic use , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/*drug therapy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/*prevention & control , Quinolines/*therapeutic use, Adult ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Malawi/epidemiology ; Placenta/parasitology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/epidemiology ; Pyrimethamine/therapeutic use ; Sulfadoxine/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

مستخلص: Background: Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria during pregnancy (IPTp) with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) provides greater protection from placental malaria than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Some studies suggest placental malaria alters risk of malaria infection in infants, but few have quantified the effect of IPTp on infant susceptibility to malaria.
Methods: Infants born to women enrolled in a randomized clinical trial comparing IPTp-SP and IPTp-DP in Malawi were followed from birth to 24 months to assess effect of IPTp and placental malaria on time to first malaria episode and Plasmodium falciparum incidence.
Results: In total, 192 infants born to mothers randomized to IPTp-SP and 195 randomized to IPTp-DP were enrolled. Infants in IPTp exposure groups did not differ significantly regarding incidence of clinical malaria (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], .58-1.86) or incidence of infection (IRR, 1.18; 95% CI, .92-1.55). Placental malaria exposure was not associated with incidence of clinical malaria (IRR, 1.03; 95% CI, .66-1.59) or infection (IRR, 1.15; 95% CI, .88-1.50). Infant sex, season of birth, and maternal gravidity did not confound results.
Conclusions: We did not find evidence that IPTp regimen or placental malaria exposure influenced risk of malaria during infancy in this population. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03009526.
(© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

المؤلفون: Ndungo E; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States., Andronescu LR; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States., Buchwald AG; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States., Lemme-Dumit JM; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States., Mawindo P; Blantyre Malaria Project, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi., Kapoor N; Vaxcyte Inc., Foster City, CA, United States., Fairman J; Vaxcyte Inc., Foster City, CA, United States., Laufer MK; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States., Pasetti MF; Department of Pediatrics, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.

المصدر: Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2021 Oct 15; Vol. 12, pp. 725129. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Oct 15 (Print Publication: 2021).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Antibodies, Bacterial/*blood , Dysentery, Bacillary/*immunology , Dysentery, Bacillary/*prevention & control , Immunoglobulin G/*blood , Shigella Vaccines/*immunology, Adolescent ; Adult ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired ; Immunoglobulin G/classification ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Malawi ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Shigella flexneri/immunology ; Young Adult

مستخلص: Shigella is the second leading cause of diarrheal diseases, accounting for >200,000 infections and >50,000 deaths in children under 5 years of age annually worldwide. The incidence of Shigella -induced diarrhea is relatively low during the first year of life and increases substantially, reaching its peak between 11 to 24 months of age. This epidemiological trend hints at an early protective immunity of maternal origin and an increase in disease incidence when maternally acquired immunity wanes. The magnitude, type, antigenic diversity, and antimicrobial activity of maternal antibodies transferred via placenta that can prevent shigellosis during early infancy are not known. To address this knowledge gap, Shigella- specific antibodies directed against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and virulence factors (IpaB, IpaC, IpaD, IpaH, and VirG), and antibody-mediated serum bactericidal (SBA) and opsonophagocytic killing antibody (OPKA) activity were measured in maternal and cord blood sera from a longitudinal cohort of mother-infant pairs living in rural Malawi. Protein-specific (very high levels) and Shigella LPS IgG were detected in maternal and cord blood sera; efficiency of placental transfer was 100% and 60%, respectively, and had preferential IgG subclass distribution (protein-specific IgG1 > LPS-specific IgG2). In contrast, SBA and OPKA activity in cord blood was substantially lower as compared to maternal serum and varied among Shigella serotypes. LPS was identified as the primary target of SBA and OPKA activity. Maternal sera had remarkably elevated Shigella flexneri 2a LPS IgM, indicative of recent exposure. Our study revealed a broad repertoire of maternally acquired antibodies in infants living in a Shigella -endemic region and highlights the abundance of protein-specific antibodies and their likely contribution to disease prevention during the first months of life. These results contribute new knowledge on maternal infant immunity and target antigens that can inform the development of vaccines or therapeutics that can extend protection after maternally transferred immunity wanes.
Competing Interests: Authors NK and JF were employed by company Vaxcyte Inc. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2021 Ndungo, Andronescu, Buchwald, Lemme-Dumit, Mawindo, Kapoor, Fairman, Laufer and Pasetti.)

المؤلفون: Andronescu LR; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W, Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA., Buchwald AG; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W, Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.; University of Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, 13001 E, 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA., Coalson JE; Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, 1295N Martin Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA., Cohee L; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W, Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA., Bauleni A; Malaria Alert Centre, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi., Walldorf JA; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W, Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.; Global Immunization Division, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA., Kandangwe C; Malaria Alert Centre, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi., Mzilahowa T; Malaria Alert Centre, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi., Taylor TE; Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, Michigan State University, 909 Fee Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA., Mathanga DP; Malaria Alert Centre, University of Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi., Laufer MK; Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 W, Baltimore Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. mlaufer@som.umaryland.edu.

المصدر: Malaria journal [Malar J] 2019 Sep 24; Vol. 18 (1), pp. 329. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Sep 24.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Insecticide-Treated Bednets*, Malaria, Falciparum/*epidemiology , Malaria, Falciparum/*prevention & control , Mosquito Control/*instrumentation, Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Malawi/epidemiology ; Male ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Prevalence ; Seasons ; Surveys and Questionnaires

مستخلص: Background: Distribution campaigns for insecticide-treated nets (ITN) have increased the use of ITNs in Malawi, but malaria prevalence remains high even among those using the nets. Previous studies have addressed ITN ownership, insecticide resistance, and frequency of ITN use as possible contributing factors to the high prevalence of malaria infection despite high ITN coverage, but have rarely considered whether the condition of the ITN, or how many people use it, impacts efficacy. This study assessed how ITN integrity, ITN age, and the number of persons sharing a net might mitigate or reduce protective efficacy among self-identified ITN users in Malawi.
Methods: From 2012 to 2014, six cross-sectional surveys were conducted in both the rainy and dry seasons in southern Malawi. Data were collected on ITN use, integrity (number and size of holes), and age. Blood samples for detecting Plasmodium falciparum infection were obtained from reported ITN users over 6 months of age. Generalized linear mixed models were used to account for clustering at the household and community level. The final model controlled for gender, household eaves, and community-level infection prevalence during the rainy season.
Results: There were 9646 ITN users with blood samples across six surveys, 15% of whom tested positive for P. falciparum infection. Among children under 5 years old, there was a 50% increased odds of P. falciparum infection among those sleeping under an ITN older than two years, compared to those using an ITN less than 2 years old (OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.07-2.08). ITN integrity and number of individuals sharing an ITN were not associated with P. falciparum infection.
Conclusions: Older ITNs were associated with higher rates of P. falciparum in young children, which may indicate that insecticide concentrations play a larger role in infection prevention than the physical barrier of an ITN. ITN use was self-reported and the integrity measures lacked the precision of newer methods, suggesting a need for objective measures of ITN use and more precise assessment of ITN integrity.

المؤلفون: Roghmann MC; 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,University of Maryland School of Medicine,Baltimore,Maryland., Andronescu LR; 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,University of Maryland School of Medicine,Baltimore,Maryland., Stucke EM; 1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health,University of Maryland School of Medicine,Baltimore,Maryland., Johnson JK; 3Department of Pathology,University of Maryland School of Medicine,Baltimore,Maryland.

المصدر: Infection control and hospital epidemiology [Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol] 2017 Oct; Vol. 38 (10), pp. 1267-1268. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Aug 22.

نوع المنشور: Letter; Multicenter Study; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8804099 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-6834 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0899823X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Clostridioides difficile/*isolation & purification , Clostridium Infections/*epidemiology , Nursing Homes/*statistics & numerical data, Humans ; Skin/microbiology ; United States/epidemiology