المؤلفون: Brendan M. Duggan, Anne M. Rae, Dylan N. Clements, Paul M. Hocking

المصدر: Genetics Selection Evolution, Vol 49, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Genetic Correlation, Heritability Estimate, Feed Conversion Ratio, Step Width, Economic Trait, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Genetics, QH426-470

الوصف: Abstract Background Genetic progress in selection for greater body mass and meat yield in poultry has been associated with an increase in gait problems which are detrimental to productivity and welfare. The incidence of suboptimal gait in breeding flocks is controlled through the use of a visual gait score, which is a subjective assessment of walking ability of each bird. The subjective nature of the visual gait score has led to concerns over its effectiveness in reducing the incidence of suboptimal gait in poultry through breeding. The aims of this study were to assess the reliability of the current visual gait scoring system in ducks and to develop a more objective method to select for better gait. Results Experienced gait scorers assessed short video clips of walking ducks to estimate the reliability of the current visual gait scoring system. Kendall’s coefficients of concordance between and within observers were estimated at 0.49 and 0.75, respectively. In order to develop a more objective scoring system, gait components were visually scored on more than 4000 pedigreed Pekin ducks and genetic parameters were estimated for these components. Gait components, which are a more objective measure, had heritabilities that were as good as, or better than, those of the overall visual gait score. Conclusions Measurement of gait components is simpler and therefore more objective than the standard visual gait score. The recording of gait components can potentially be automated, which may increase accuracy further and may improve heritability estimates. Genetic correlations were generally low, which suggests that it is possible to use gait components to select for an overall improvement in both economic traits and gait as part of a balanced breeding programme.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12711-017-0317-2; https://doaj.org/toc/1297-9686

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/0a50fbbda56a45f0abc7e66920e49683

المؤلفون: Brendan M, Duggan, Anne M, Rae, Dylan N, Clements, Paul M, Hocking

المصدر: Genetics, Selection, Evolution : GSE

مصطلحات موضوعية: Ducks, Phenotype, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, genetic structures, Animals, human activities, Selective Breeding, Walking Speed, Research Article

الوصف: Background Genetic progress in selection for greater body mass and meat yield in poultry has been associated with an increase in gait problems which are detrimental to productivity and welfare. The incidence of suboptimal gait in breeding flocks is controlled through the use of a visual gait score, which is a subjective assessment of walking ability of each bird. The subjective nature of the visual gait score has led to concerns over its effectiveness in reducing the incidence of suboptimal gait in poultry through breeding. The aims of this study were to assess the reliability of the current visual gait scoring system in ducks and to develop a more objective method to select for better gait. Results Experienced gait scorers assessed short video clips of walking ducks to estimate the reliability of the current visual gait scoring system. Kendall’s coefficients of concordance between and within observers were estimated at 0.49 and 0.75, respectively. In order to develop a more objective scoring system, gait components were visually scored on more than 4000 pedigreed Pekin ducks and genetic parameters were estimated for these components. Gait components, which are a more objective measure, had heritabilities that were as good as, or better than, those of the overall visual gait score. Conclusions Measurement of gait components is simpler and therefore more objective than the standard visual gait score. The recording of gait components can potentially be automated, which may increase accuracy further and may improve heritability estimates. Genetic correlations were generally low, which suggests that it is possible to use gait components to select for an overall improvement in both economic traits and gait as part of a balanced breeding programme.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid________::3008f0b8103a44d5a7ff6ea23475ede1
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28464791

المؤلفون: Tanya Pawson, Teresa Penfield, Dianna J. Bowles, Margaret F. Smallwood, Katrin Besser, Caroline Branigan, Awais Khan, Peter Isaac, Anne M. Rae, Darshna Vyas, Sonja Reid, Luisa Elias, Tomasz Czechowski, Yi Li, Theresa Townsend, Thilo Winzer, Vincent Segura, David Harvey, Ian A. Graham, Tony R. Larson, Inna Guterman, Deborah A. Rathbone, Susan Blumer, Joe Ross

المساهمون: University of York, IDna Genetics Ltd, Partenaires INRAE, Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (AGPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

المصدر: Science
Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2010, 327 (5963), pp.328-331. ⟨10.1126/science.1182612⟩

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, 01 natural sciences, ARTEMISININ, Artemisinin, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, food and beverages, Chromosome Mapping, Marker-assisted selection, Artemisinins, 3. Good health, Phenotype, GENETIC MAP, medicine.drug, DNA, Complementary, IDENTIFICATION DE GENES, Quantitative Trait Loci, Artemisia annua, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, ARTEMISIA ANNUA, CARTOGRAPHIE GENETIQUE, Quantitative trait locus, Genes, Plant, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Deep sequencing, Antimalarials, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, Genetic variation, medicine, Humans, Crosses, Genetic, Genetic Association Studies, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Malaria, Biotechnology, Artemisia, Genetic marker, Mutation, ANTIMALARIA, business, 010606 plant biology & botany

الوصف: The Art of Artemisia As the malaria parasite, which is transmitted through mosquito vectors, develops resistance, previously useful control mechanisms are beginning to fail. Combination therapies based on the plant product artemisinin are a promising alternative. Graham et al. (p. 328 ; see the Perspective by Milhous and Weina ) have now developed a genetic map of the plant Artemisia annua from which artemisinin is derived. The results lay the foundation for improving agricultural productivity of this natural product, which is becoming increasingly important in the fight against malaria.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c793b4c0724bc9140a904c5bc2db1e11
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1182612

المؤلفون: Luca Ricciotti, Francesco Salani, Maurizio Sabatti, Reinhart Ceulemans, Sophie Y. Dillen, Nicolas Marron, Gail Taylor, Matthieu P. C. Pinel, Catherine Bastien, Anne M. Rae

المصدر: Forest ecology and management

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, Biomass (ecology), biology, Ecology, 020209 energy, Tree allometry, Forestry, 02 engineering and technology, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, biology.organism_classification, Circumference, 01 natural sciences, Agronomy, Salicaceae, Dry weight, Genetic variation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Allometry, 010606 plant biology & botany, Nature and Landscape Conservation

الوصف: The quantitative and qualitative estimation of aboveground biomass production is essential for short-rotation forestry. Indirect methods of biomass estimation have been developed based on the establishment of regressions between biomass components and tree dimensions as well as canopy architecture. The difficulty encountered with this method is to know whether, and to what degree, the obtained equations can be used under contrasting environmental conditions and for different genetic backgrounds. In the present study, allometric equations were developed linking tree dry weight (stem, branch and aboveground tree dry weight) with stem circumference, stem height and number of sylleptic branches for five 2-year-old intra- as well as interspecific poplar (Populus) families growing at three contrasting sites in Europe, i.e. Northern Italy, Central France and Southern UK. The multiple regression method was used to find the most precise biomass equation which represents the genetic variation for each family at each site, independently, as well as a common equation involving all families and sites. The two F1 P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa families and the F1 P. alba × P. alba family were the most productive families irrespective of site. However, different patterns in biomass accumulation were observed between these crosses. The F1 P. alba × P. alba family accumulated significantly more biomass in branches than in the stem as compared to both other families. In most cases, different transformations of the dependent variables were needed to improve the linear equations. Stem circumference was superior in predicting tree dry weight, but stem height and number of sylleptic branches were often needed to optimize the equations dependent on family and site. A standardized equation combining the five families and the three sites explained more than 95% of the observed variation for tree dry weight. However, there was a significant family effect, and at the UK site, a severe rust attack could have affected the relationships among the three predictors resulting in a significantly different equation for this site. When the UK site was excluded from the model, no overall site effect was observed. Thus, a single equation might be applied at family level regardless of the environmental conditions when stand density, age and plantation management are comparable.

وصف الملف: pdf

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::fba815bac30e36a0419c2611328e26ad
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.003

المؤلفون: Matthieu P. C. Pinel, Catherine Bastien, Nathaniel R. Street, Maurizio Sabatti, Gail Taylor, Nicolas Marron, James H. R. Tucker, Sophie Y. Dillen, Anne M. Rae, Caroline Dixon

المصدر: Tree genetics and genomes

مصطلحات موضوعية: Populus trichocarpa, biology, food and beverages, Forestry, Horticulture, Heritability, Quantitative trait locus, biology.organism_classification, Agronomy, Genetics, Trait, Additive genetic effects, Allele, Gene–environment interaction, Molecular Biology, Main stem

الوصف: Populus is a genus of fast growing trees that may be suitable as a bioenergy crop grown in short rotation, but understanding the genetic nature of yield and genotype interactions with the environment is critical in developing new high-yield genotypes for wide-scale planting. In the present study, 210 genotypes from an F2 population (Family 331; POP1) derived from a cross between Populus trichocarpa 93-968 and P. deltoides ILL-129 were grown in southern UK, central France and northern Italy. The performance of POP1, based upon first- and second-year main stem traits and biomass production, improved from northern to southern Europe. Trees at the Italian site produced the highest mean biomass ranging from 0.77 to 18.06 oven-dried tonnes (ODT) ha−1 year−1, and the UK site produced the lowest mean biomass ranging from 0.18 to 10.31 ODT ha−1 year−1. Significant genotype × environment interactions were seen despite heritability values across sites being moderate to high. Using a pseudo-testcross analysis, 37 quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for the maternal parent and 45 for the paternal parent for eight stem and biomass traits across the three sites. High genetic correlations between traits suggested that collocating QTL could be inferred as a single pleiotropic QTL, reducing the number of unique QTL to 23 and 24 for the maternal and paternal parent, respectively. Additive genetic effects were seen to differ significantly for eight QTL on the maternal map and 20 on the paternal map across sites. An additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis was carried out to obtain stability parameters for each trait. These parameters were mapped as QTL, and collocation to trait QTL was accessed. Two of the eight stability QTL collocate to trait QTL on the maternal map, and 8 of the 20 stability QTL collocate to trait QTL on the paternal map, suggesting that a regulatory gene model is prevalent over an allele sensitivity model for stem trait stability across these environments.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::aefb9c04a881f330b86b5f764a55fe55
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-007-0091-3

المؤلفون: Fang Z. Zhang, Richard W Michelmore, C. William Keevil, Carol Wagstaff, Maria Jose Truco, Arinder K. Sihota, Mark S. Dixon, Gail Taylor, Steve D. Rothwell, Anne M. Rae, Graham J. J. Clarkson

المصدر: Journal of Experimental Botany. 58:1433-1449

مصطلحات موضوعية: Chlorophyll, Molecular breeding, education.field_of_study, Portugal, biology, Physiology, Quantitative Trait Loci, fungi, Population, food and beverages, Lactuca, Ideotype, Plant Science, Lettuce, Quantitative trait locus, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, England, Agronomy, Leaf size, Gene–environment interaction, education, Leafy, Crosses, Genetic

الوصف: Developmental and biophysical leaf characteristics that influence post-harvest shelf life in lettuce, an important leafy crop, have been examined. The traits were studied using 60 informative F9 recombinant inbreed lines (RILs) derived from a cross between cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativa cv. Salinas) and wild lettuce (L. serriola acc. UC96US23). Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for shelf life co-located most closely with those for leaf biophysical properties such as plasticity, elasticity and breakstrength suggesting that these are appropriate targets for molecular breeding for improved shelf life. Significant correlations were found between shelf life with leaf size, leaf weight, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf stomatal index and epidermal cell number per leaf, indicating that these pre-harvest leaf development traits confer postharvest properties. By studying the population in two contrasting environments in northern and southern Europe, the genotype by environment interaction effects of the QTL relevant to leaf development and shelf life were assessed. In total 107 QTL, distributed on all nine linkage groups, were detected from the 29 traits. Only five QTL were common in both environments. Several areas where many QTL co-located (hotspots) on the genome were identified, with relatively little overlap between developmental hotspots and those relating to shelf life. However, QTL for leaf biophysical properties (breakstrength, plasticity and elasticity) and cell area correlated well with shelf life, confirming that the ideal ideotype lettuce should have small cells with strong cell walls. The identification of QTL for leaf development, strength and longevity will lead to a better understanding of processability at a genetic and cellular level, and allow the improvement of salad leaf quality through marker assisted breeding.

وصف الملف: text

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::74e592a75afcdca03cc28c4fb23d3ab7
https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm006

المؤلفون: Anne M. Rae, Nathaniel R. Street, Gail Taylor, Kathryn M. Robinson

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 34:1488-1498

مصطلحات موضوعية: Populus trichocarpa, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, biology, fungi, food and beverages, Forestry, Interspecific competition, biology.organism_classification, Short rotation forestry, Coppicing, Agronomy, Salicaceae, Botany, Tree breeding, Short rotation coppice, Hybrid

الوصف: Fast-growing hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) have potential as a short-rotation coppice crop grown for biomass energy. This work identifies traits for fast growth studied in an American interspecific pedigree derived from Populus trichocarpa Torr. & A. Gray × Populus deltoides Marsh. grown in the United Kingdom for the first time. The biomass yield after the first coppice rotation was estimated to range from 0.04 to 23.68 oven-dried t·ha–1·year–1. This great range suggests that genotypes from this pedigree may be used to understand the genetic basis of high yield in short-rotation coppice, which would be advantageous for informing breeding programs for biomass crops. Relationships between stem, leaf, cell traits, and biomass yield were investigated. Partial least-squares analysis was used to order the traits by importance. The traits most influential on biomass were maximum stem height throughout the growing season, basal diameter, number of stems, and number of sylleptic branches, which showed high heritability, indicating excellent potential for breeding programs. The leaf traits, leaf area, number of leaves on the leading stem, and plastochron index were also associated with an increase in biomass, leading to a better understanding of this trait.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::b3010f91c7c3d74cc63e6f0f1f5beb6e
https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-033

المؤلفون: Gail Taylor, Maricela Rodriguez-Acosta, Anne M. Rae, James I. L. Morison, Maud Viger

مصطلحات موضوعية: Stomatal conductance, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Drought tolerance, Forestry, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, chemistry.chemical_compound, Agronomy, chemistry, Bioenergy, Genetic variation, Water-use efficiency, Agronomy and Crop Science, Abscisic acid, Food Science, Woody plant

الوصف: Dedicated non-food bioenergy crops like poplar are needed as sustainable, low-input feedstocks for renewable energy in a future drier climate, where they can be grown on marginal soils. Such plants should have a low water, carbon, and chemical footprint. Capturing natural variation in traits associated with water use efficiency (WUE) is the first step to developing trees that require less water and may be adapted to drier environments. We have assessed stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C, an indirect indicator of leaf WUE) in two Populus species, P. deltoides and P. trichocarpa and their F2 progeny, grown in the United Kingdom and in Italy. Populus deltoides leaves showed lower δ13C than P. trichocarpa, suggesting a higher WUE in P. trichocarpa, although without drought preconditioning, gs of P. trichocarpa was less responsive to dehydration and abscisic acid treatment than P. deltoides, suggesting that leaf anatomy may also contribute to δ13C in Populus. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified for δ13C on eight linkage groups (LG) and two QTL for gs. From these. QTL and differential gene expression in response to drought from microarray data, we focused on three hotspots and identified 23 novel candidate genes on LG VI, X, and XVI. We have begun to unravel the genetic basis of WUE in bioenergy Populus revealing important underpinning data for breeding and improvement in poplar genotypes for a future drier climate.

وصف الملف: text

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::13f138e5664010a3e02c338baf506538
https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/363276/

المؤلفون: Godfree Chigeza, Theresa Townsend, Dianna J. Bowles, David Harvey, Ian A. Graham, Anne M. Rae, Teresa Penfield, Vincent Segura

المساهمون: Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York [York, UK], Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (UAGPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Grain Crops Institute, Agricultural Research Council (ARC), Research and Knowledge Transfer, University of Exeter, Genetics Department, Cherry Valley Farms Ltd., Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (AGPF)

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 4, p e61989 (2013)
PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2013, 8 (4), pp.e61989. ⟨10.1371/journal.pone.0061989⟩
Plos One 4 (8), e61989. (2013)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, Heterosis, caractère phénotypique, Raw Materials, artemisinine, lcsh:Medicine, biomass increase, Plant Science, molecular breeding, Breeding, Plant Genetics, 01 natural sciences, Diallel cross, phenotypic trait, Biomass, Artemisinin, lcsh:Science, Molecular breeding, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Vegetal Biology, qtl, food and beverages, Agriculture, Artemisinins, Phenotype, hétérosis, Research Article, medicine.drug, Quantitative Trait Loci, Artemisia annua, Crops, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, accroissement de la biomasse, Antimalarials, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Hybrid Vigor, medicine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Alleles, Crosses, Genetic, 030304 developmental biology, Hybrid, Crop Genetics, amélioration génétique, Chimera, business.industry, lcsh:R, Phenotypic trait, biology.organism_classification, Sustainable Agriculture, Agronomy, Biotechnology, Plant Breeding, artemisia annua, reproduction végétale, lcsh:Q, business, Biologie végétale, 010606 plant biology & botany

الوصف: Article en open access; Artemisia annua is an important medicinal crop used for the production of the anti-malarial compound artemisinin. In order to assist in the production of affordable high quality artemisinin we have carried out an A. annua breeding programme aimed at improving artemisinin concentration and biomass. Here we report on a combining ability analysis of a diallel cross to identify robust parental lines for hybrid breeding. The parental lines were selected based on a range of phenotypic traits to encourage heterosis. The general combining ability (GCA) values for the diallel parental lines correlated to the positive alleles of quantitative trait loci (QTL) in the same parents indicating the presence of beneficial alleles that contribute to parental performance. Hybrids generated from crossing specific parental lines with good GCA were identified as having an increase in both artemisinin concentration and biomass when grown either in glasshouse or experimental field trials and compared to controls. This study demonstrates that combining ability as determined by a diallel cross can be used to identify elite parents for the production of improved A. annua hybrids. Furthermore, the selection of material for breeding using this approach was found to be consistent with our QTL-based molecular breeding approach.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7a449879eb47cbf57d8127dcc9bac129
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3633910?pdf=render

المؤلفون: Nicolas Marron, Francesco Salani, Sophie Y. Dillen, Wout Boerjan, Maurizio Sabatti, Reinhart Ceulemans, Anne M. Rae, Luca Ricciotti, Catherine Bastien, V. Storme

المساهمون: Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), University of Antwerp (UA), Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (AGPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Forest Environment and Resources, Tuscia University, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton

المصدر: Tree Genetics and Genomes
Tree Genetics and Genomes, Springer Verlag, 2010, 6 (4), pp.533-554. ⟨10.1007/s11295-010-0270-5⟩
Tree genetics and genomes

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, HYBRID VIGOR, PLANT BREEDING, GENETIC VARIABILITY, QTL, PHENOTYPES, Horticulture, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, WOOD, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Genetic correlation, complex mixtures, BIOMASS, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, HYBRIDS, PHENOLOGY, Botany, Genetics, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Hybrid, HETEROSIS, RENEWABLE ENERGY, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Biomass (ecology), QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI, HERITABLE CHARACTERS, Wood production, PRODUCTIVITY, Phenology, HERITABILITY, food and beverages, SELECTION CRITERIA, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Heritability, POPLAR, Agronomy, CROP PRODUCTION, PEUPLIER, GENETIC DIVERSITY, GENOMICS, 010606 plant biology & botany

الوصف: International audience; Short-rotation coppice of hybrid poplar is a promising renewable feedstock for biofuel production. Breeding for high biomass in short-rotation coppice has started only recently. Two hybrid poplar families were grown at two sites in Europe and phenotyped for a variety of biomass-related traits (1) to examine the extent of phenotypic and genetic variation in biomass production, ramification, resprouting, and phenology, (2) to search for genomic regions involved in productivity, and (3) to determine the effect of the environment on the expression of these traits. The performance of both families differed within and among sites. A pronounced heterosis was observed in most cases. Moderate to high heritability values were found. Seventeen quantitative trait loci (QTL) for biomass production, 13 for ramification, ten for resprouting, 21 for bud burst, and ten for bud set were identified. Genetic correlations and QTL colocation showed that high wood production was associated with high allocation of wood into branches and with high production of resprouts after coppicing. Correlations and QTL colocation between biomass production and phenology traits were weak. Our study provides valuable information on genomic regions involved in biomass production, ramification, and phenology and on phenotypic and genetic relationships among these three trait categories.

وصف الملف: pdf

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::8040606bbba6504f65a7d28f122fc667
https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02662486