المؤلفون: Brünig L; Institute for Ethics, History and Philosophy of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl- Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. Bruenig.Lisa@mh-hannover.de., Kahrass H; Institute for Ethics, History and Philosophy of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl- Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany., Salloch S; Institute for Ethics, History and Philosophy of Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl- Neuberg-Str.1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.

المصدر: BMC medical ethics [BMC Med Ethics] 2024 May 23; Vol. 25 (1), pp. 64. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 23.

نوع المنشور: Systematic Review; Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101088680 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1472-6939 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14726939 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Med Ethics Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bioethics*, Humans ; Female ; Feminism ; Bioethical Issues

مستخلص: Background: Intersectionality is a concept that originated in Black feminist movements in the US-American context of the 1970s and 1980s, particularly in the work of feminist scholar and lawyer Kimberlé W. Crenshaw. Intersectional approaches aim to highlight the interconnectedness of gender and sexuality with other social categories, such as race, class, age, and ability to look at how individuals are discriminated against and privileged in institutions and societal power structures. Intersectionality is a "traveling concept", which also made its way into bioethical research.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review to answer the question of where and how the concept of intersectionality is applied in bioethical research. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched and 192 articles addressing bioethical topics and intersectionality were finally included.
Results: The qualitative analysis resulted in a category system with five main categories: (1) application purpose and function, (2) social dimensions, (3) levels, (4) health-care disciplines and academic fields, and (5) challenges, limitations, and critique. The variety of academic fields and health-care disciplines working with the concept ranges from psychology, through gynaecology to palliative care and deaf studies. Important functions that the concept of intersectionality fulfils in bioethical research are making inequities visible, creating better health data collections and embracing self-reflection. Intersectionality is also a critical praxis and fits neatly into the overarching goal of bioethics to work toward social justice in health care. Intersectionality aims at making research results relevant for respective communities and patients, and informs the development of policies.
Conclusions: This systematic review is, to the best of our knowledge, the first one to provide a full overview of the reference to intersectionality in bioethical scholarship. It creates a basis for future research that applies intersectionality as a theoretical and methodical tool for analysing bioethical questions.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Buruk B, Ekmekci PE, Arda B

المصدر: Developing world bioethics [Dev World Bioeth] 2024 Jun; Vol. 24 (2), pp. 107-114. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 23.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101120122 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-8847 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14718731 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dev World Bioeth Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Nanotechnology*/ethics , Ethical Analysis* , Biomedical Enhancement*/ethics , Principle-Based Ethics* , Bioethics*, Humans ; Ethical Theory ; Bioethical Issues

مستخلص: Nanotechnology (NT)-enabled disease-free life is a form of reconstruction of the human body that promises a paradigm shift toward a new form of human existence in an imaginable life. However, as human reconstruction may be within the limits of the concept of "human enhancement," it is not clear to what extent "enhanced humans" will be ethically acceptable or desired. This study discusses the ethical implications of NT-embedded enhanced humans and this new imaginable life. First, ethical concerns arising from the existence of a grey zone of certain dilemmas regarding benefits and possible/unpredicted risks are addressed in terms of the four main principles of bioethics. Then, we focus on the ethical problems in human nano-enhancement. Finally, we study the methods of analyzing these ethical problems within the framework of principlism to conceive a comprehensive and coherent bioethical understanding.
(© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

المؤلفون: Rahimzadeh V; Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine.

المصدر: The American journal of bioethics : AJOB [Am J Bioeth] 2024 Jul; Vol. 24 (7), pp. 29-31. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 24.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Comment

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100898738 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-0075 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15265161 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Bioeth Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bioethics* , Artificial Intelligence*/ethics, Humans ; Decision Making/ethics

المؤلفون: Baker R; Department of Philosophy, Union College, Schenectady, New York, USA.

المصدر: Bioethics [Bioethics] 2024 Jul; Vol. 38 (6), pp. 578-580. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 20.

نوع المنشور: Historical Article; Journal Article; Letter

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8704792 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1467-8519 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02699702 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioethics Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bioethics*, Humans ; Racial Groups ; History, 20th Century

المؤلفون: Pendyal A; School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.

المصدر: Bioethics [Bioethics] 2024 Jul; Vol. 38 (6), pp. 576-577. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 20.

نوع المنشور: Historical Article; Editorial; Letter

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8704792 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1467-8519 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02699702 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioethics Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bioethics*, Humans ; History, 20th Century ; Racial Groups ; Bioethical Issues

المؤلفون: Ehni HJ; Institut für Ethik und Geschichte der Medizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany., Wiesing U; Institut für Ethik und Geschichte der Medizin, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

المصدر: Bioethics [Bioethics] 2024 May; Vol. 38 (4), pp. 335-343. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 17.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8704792 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1467-8519 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02699702 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioethics Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Helsinki Declaration* , Bioethics*, Humans

مستخلص: The World Medical Association has announced that a new revision process of the Declaration of Helsinki has been started. This article will identify the criticisms that have been made in the bioethics literature, particularly since the last revision. In addition, criticisms are discussed that were made in the literature even before the last revision and have not fallen silent. The plausibility of the recommendation for a change in the Declaration of Helsinki is examined.
(© 2024 The Authors. Bioethics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

المؤلفون: Baker R; Department of Philosophy, William D. William Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, Union College, Schenectady, New York, USA.; Bioethics Department, Lewis School of Health Sciences, Clarkson University, Capital Region Campus, Schenectady, New York.

المصدر: Bioethics [Bioethics] 2024 May; Vol. 38 (4), pp. 275-281. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 02.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8704792 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1467-8519 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02699702 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioethics Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Racism* , Bioethics*, Humans ; Ethicists ; Social Justice ; Personal Autonomy

مستخلص: The central thesis of this article is that by anchoring bioethics' core conceptual armamentarium in a four-principled theory emphasizing autonomy and treating justice as a principle of allocation, theorists inadvertently biased 20th-century bioethical scholarship against addressing such subjects as ableism, anti-Black racism, classism, and other forms of discrimination, placing them outside of the scope of bioethics research and scholarship. It is also claimed that these scope limitations can be traced to the displacement of the nascent concept of respect for persons-a concept designed to address classist and racist discrimination-with the morally solipsistic concept of autonomy.
(© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

المؤلفون: Celie KB; The Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Operation Smile, Department of Policy and Advocacy, Virginia Beach, VA, USA. Electronic address: celie.md.mst@gmail.com., Mocharnuk JW; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA., Kanmounye US; Operation Smile, Department of Policy and Advocacy, Virginia Beach, VA, USA., Ayala R; Operation Smile, Department of Policy and Advocacy, Virginia Beach, VA, USA., Banu T; Chittagong Research institute for Children Surgery, Chittagong, Bangladesh; Global Initiative for Children's Surgery, Sacramento, CA, USA., Lakhoo K; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Global Initiative for Children's Surgery, Sacramento, CA, USA.

المصدر: The Lancet. Child & adolescent health [Lancet Child Adolesc Health] 2024 May; Vol. 8 (5), pp. 379-384. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 23.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101712925 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2352-4650 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23524642 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Child Adolesc Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bioethics*, Humans ; Child ; Ethics, Medical ; Morals ; Philosophy ; Delivery of Health Care

مستخلص: The paradigm of values adopted by the global health community has a palpable, albeit often unseen, impact on patient health care. In this Viewpoint, we investigate an inherent tension in the core values of medical ethics and clinical practice that could explain why paediatric health care faces resource constraints despite compelling economic and societal imperatives to prioritise child health and wellbeing. The dominant narrative in the philosophy of medicine tends to disproportionately underscore values of independence and self-determination, which becomes problematic in the context of paediatric patients, who by their very nature epitomise vulnerability and dependence. A double-jeopardy situation arises when disadvantaged children see their inherent dependence leveraged against them. We illustrate this predicament through specific examples relating to rights and obligations and to autonomy. Alternative value perspectives-communitarianism and relational autonomy-might offer more robust protection for vulnerable children. A shift away from the dominant narrative towards a more explicit and inclusive discussion of values is necessary. Such a shift requires giving a legitimate platform to diverse perspectives, with the presumption that collective moral progress is possible; this endeavour is embodied by global bioethics. Successful implementation of global bioethics, in turn, hinges on close collaboration between practicing clinicians and bioethicists. Taking global bioethics seriously and actively pursuing collaboration could help the global health community achieve more equitable health care.
Competing Interests: Declaration of interests We declare no competing interests.
(Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

المؤلفون: Crutchfield P; Department of Medical Ethics, Humanities, and Law, Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA., Scheall S; College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, School of Applied Science and Arts, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.

المصدر: Bioethics [Bioethics] 2024 May; Vol. 38 (4), pp. 316-325. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 17.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8704792 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1467-8519 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02699702 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioethics Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Morals* , Bioethics*, Humans ; Dissent and Disputes ; Moral Obligations ; Ethicists

مستخلص: In biomedical ethics, there is widespread acceptance of moral realism, the view that moral claims express a proposition and that at least some of these propositions are true. Biomedical ethics is also in the business of attributing moral obligations, such as "S should do X." The problem, as we argue, is that against the background of moral realism, most of these attributions are erroneous or inaccurate. The typical obligation attribution issued by a biomedical ethicist fails to truly capture the person's actual obligations. We offer a novel argument for rife error in obligation attribution. The argument starts with the idea of an epistemic burden. Epistemic burdens are all of those epistemic obstacles one must surmount in order to achieve some aim. Epistemic burdens shape decision-making such that given two otherwise equal options, a person will choose the option that has the lesser of epistemic burdens. Epistemic burdens determine one's potential obligations and, conversely, their non-obligations. The problem for biomedical ethics is that ethicists have little to no access to others' epistemic burdens. Given this lack of access and the fact that epistemic burdens determine potential obligations, biomedical ethicists often can only attribute accurate obligations out of luck. This suggests that the practice of attributing obligations in biomedical ethics is rife with error. To resolve this widespread error, we argue that this practice should be abolished from the discourse of biomedical ethics.
(© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

المؤلفون: Mintz KT; Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics., Cureton A; The University of Tennessee.

المصدر: The American journal of bioethics : AJOB [Am J Bioeth] 2024 May; Vol. 24 (5), pp. 85-87. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 18.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Comment

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Taylor & Francis Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100898738 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-0075 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15265161 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Bioeth Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Social Inclusion* , Bioethics*, Humans ; Human Rights ; Morals