المؤلفون: Gearhart MC

المصدر: Social work [Soc Work] 2024 Mar 19; Vol. 69 (2), pp. 167-175.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2984852R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1545-6846 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00378046 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Soc Work Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Social Cohesion* , Social Work*, Humans ; Residence Characteristics ; Social Control, Informal ; Self Efficacy

مستخلص: Collective efficacy is the process by which social cohesion is activated as informal social control. Mutual efficacy, the perceived capability of the community, mediates the relationship between the two constructs. Interventions based on collective efficacy have a positive impact on individuals but are limited in their ability to affect the broader community. A possible explanation for this finding is that community-level theories operate differently at the individual and neighborhood levels. The present study contributes to the literature by testing the multilevel factor structure of social cohesion, mutual efficacy, and informal social control. Findings suggest that multiple-factor structures demonstrate adequate model fit. However, the three-factor model is most consistent with social work theory and practice. Social workers can foster constructive dialogue to build social cohesion, authentically engage residents to build mutual efficacy, and train residents in skills necessary to institute informal social control.
(© 2024 National Association of Social Workers.)

المؤلفون: Irving B; School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand., Kavanagh C; School of Anthropology & Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom.; Department of Contemporary Psychology, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan., Fischer R; School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.; Institute D´Or for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Yuki M; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.

المصدر: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Mar 21; Vol. 19 (3), pp. e0291655. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 21 (Print Publication: 2024).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Ceremonial Behavior* , Social Cohesion*, Humans ; Compulsive Behavior ; Emotions ; Anxiety

مستخلص: Collective rituals, particularly those characterized by synchrony and pain, have been shown to yield positive social and emotional outcomes. The question arises as to whether these findings extend to low-arousal, family-centered rituals and how spiritual beliefs factor into these communal practices. This study set out to examine the interplay between belief, ritual participation, and their effects on anxiety, social cohesion, and prosocial behavior during a low-arousal collective ritual in Mikasa, Japan. Drawing upon a sample of 183 festival participants, we measured belief in ancestors using a novel scale, identifying significant and consistent associations between these beliefs and measures of social cohesion across multiple targets. Moreover, active participation as a festival dancer displayed a positive relationship with feelings of social cohesion, particularly towards other festival attendees and at the national level. On measures of prosocial behavior, ancestral beliefs were positively associated with generosity shown within the festival setting, whereas observers were less generous towards community members than a non-attending control group. Anxiety outcomes displayed a negative relationship with ancestral beliefs and ritual observation but not participation as seen in previous research, suggesting a complex interplay between rituals, emotions, and individual states. These findings provide novel insights into the importance of belief systems and active participation in shaping social bonds and behaviors in the context of collective rituals.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
(Copyright: © 2024 Irving et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)

المؤلفون: Kansanga MM; Department of Geography, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA., Batung E; Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada., Mohammed K; Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada., Sano Y; Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada., Taabazuing MM; Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada., Luginaah I; Department of Geography and Environment, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.

المصدر: Journal of aging & social policy [J Aging Soc Policy] 2024 Mar 03; Vol. 36 (2), pp. 189-208. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 09.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8914669 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1545-0821 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08959420 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Aging Soc Policy

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Social Cohesion* , Aging*, Humans ; Aged ; Canada ; Food ; Health Surveys

مستخلص: Food is a basic human need, yet a significant proportion of older Canadian adults are vulnerable to food insecurity. The health risks associated with aging make food insecurity among this subgroup a critical policy issue. In Canada, policy solutions to food insecurity are however skewed toward the provision of income support to vulnerable groups. While these income support programs are timely, little emphasis is placed on social factors such as sense of community belongingness. This is despite evidence that food insecurity is a socially mediated experience that goes beyond the ability to purchase food. Drawing data from the Canadian Community Health Survey ( n  = 24,546) and using negative log-log regression, we examined the association between sense of community belongingness and food insecurity among older adults. Findings show that older adults with a "very weak" (odds ratio [OR] = 1.40, p  < .001) and "somewhat weak" (OR = 1.23, p  < .01) sense of community belongingness were significantly more likely to be food insecure compared to those with a "very strong" sense of belongingness. This study contributes to a growing body of the literature that demonstrates the need for an integrated approach to addressing food insecurity - one that goes beyond income support to include consideration of social factors like sense of community belonging.

المؤلفون: Sood R; Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA., Entenman J; Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA., Kitt-Lewis E; Penn State Ross and Carol Nese College of Nursing, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA., Lennon RP; Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA., Pinto CN; Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA., Moss JL; Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.

المصدر: The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association [J Rural Health] 2024 Jan; Vol. 40 (1), pp. 154-161. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 10.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8508122 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1748-0361 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0890765X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Rural Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Social Cohesion* , COVID-19*/epidemiology , COVID-19*/prevention & control, Humans ; Rural Population ; Residence Characteristics ; Surveys and Questionnaires

مستخلص: Background: Social cohesion refers to an individual's sense of belonging to their community and correlates with health outcomes. Rural communities tend to have higher social cohesion than urban communities. Social cohesion is relatively understudied as a factor impacting COVID-19 prevention behaviors. This study explores the associations between social cohesion, rurality, and COVID-19 prevention behaviors.
Methods: Participants completed a questionnaire assessing rurality; social cohesion (subscales of (1) attraction to neighborhood, (2) acts of neighboring, and (3) sense of community); COVID-19 behaviors; and demographics. Chi-square tests were used to characterize participant demographics and COVID-19 behaviors. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between COVID-19 outcomes and rurality, social cohesion, and demographics.
Results: Most participants (n = 2,926) were non-Hispanic White (78.2%) and married (60.4%); 36.9% were rural. Rural participants were less likely than urban participants to practice social distancing (78.7% vs 90.6%, P<.001) or stay home when sick (87.7% vs 93.5%, P<.001). Social distancing was more common among participants with higher "attraction to neighborhood" scores (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.26-3.47) but was less common among participants with higher "acts of neighboring" scores (aOR = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.40-0.88). Staying home when sick was also more common among participants with higher scores on "attraction to neighborhood" (aOR = 2.12; 95% CI = 1.15-3.91), and less common among participants with higher scores on "acts of neighboring" (aOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.33-0.86).
Conclusions: Efforts to maximize COVID-19 behavioral prevention, particularly among rural communities, should emphasize the importance of protecting the health of one's neighbors and how to support one's neighbors without face-to-face interactions.
(© 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Rural Health published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of National Rural Health Association.)

المؤلفون: McEvoy PM; Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.; Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.; North Metropolitan Health Service, Centre for Clinical Interventions, Perth, Australia., Johnson AR; Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.; Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Helsinki, Finland., Kazantzis N; Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Research Unit, Melbourne, Australia.; Beck Institute for Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Research, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Egan SJ; Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin enAble Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.; Discipline of Psychology, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.

المصدر: Psychotherapy research : journal of the Society for Psychotherapy Research [Psychother Res] 2024 Jan; Vol. 34 (1), pp. 68-80. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 03.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Routledge Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9110958 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1468-4381 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10503307 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychother Res Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Social Cohesion* , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy*, Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Australia ; Anxiety/therapy ; Treatment Outcome

مستخلص: Objective: Group cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder (SAD) is effective, but little data exist on generic relational components of the therapeutic process, such as group cohesion and therapy alliance, and central CBT-specific components such as homework engagement, beliefs, and perceived consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between homework, group cohesion, and working alliance during group CBT for social anxiety disorder.
Method: Participants ( N  = 105) with SAD engaged in 12 sessions of group CBT. Measures of homework, working alliance, and group cohesion were completed at multiple points throughout treatment. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models were used to evaluate the prospective relationships between measures.
Results: Prospective relationships between the homework outcomes did not vary throughout the treatment period, with the only significant relationships seen between the random intercepts ("trait" levels). Homework beliefs were a significant negative predictor of future group cohesion, but only in mid- to late-treatment. Homework consequences and working alliance were significantly and positively predictive of each other throughout therapy.
Conclusion: Early homework engagement is associated with higher engagement throughout therapy. Working alliance and homework engagement are important to bolster early in group CBT. Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry identifier: ACTRN12616000579493..

المؤلفون: Mendoza-Graf A; RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA. mendoza@rand.org., MacCarthy S; Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama School of Public Health, 227 Ryals Public Health Building, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, England., Collins R; RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA., Wagner L; RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh Office, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA., Dubowitz T; RAND Corporation, Pittsburgh Office, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407, USA.

المصدر: BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2023 Nov 01; Vol. 23 (1), pp. 2137. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 01.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Black or African American* , Social Cohesion*, Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Residential Segregation ; Residence Characteristics ; Personal Satisfaction

مستخلص: Background: Gentrification often leads to changes in the social and physical environment of neighborhoods, which social capital theory has found are connected to aspects of resident health and wellbeing. A growing body of literature has explored the impact of gentrification on health and wellbeing of residents. The goal of this study is to qualitatively explore the ways in which gentrification may have impacted perceptions of neighborhood satisfaction, social cohesion, and health of neighborhood residents (n = 60) from two predominantly Black neighborhoods in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, one of which experienced Black gentrification during the study's time period. This analysis is unique in its ability to capture experiences of residents who remained in their neighborhood throughout the course of the study, as well as those who moved away from their neighborhood.
Methods: Participants were randomly selected from a larger cohort enrolled in a quasi-experimental study and categorized by whether they lived in a census tract that gentrified, whether they owned or rented their home, and whether they moved from the neighborhood or remained in the same place of residence between 2011 and 2018. Phone interviews lasting approximately 30 min were conducted with participants and were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Participants were provided a $40 gift card for their time. Interview data were analyzed using a directed content approach, and Cohen's Kappa was obtained (k = 0.924) to signal good inter-rater reliability.
Results: Results showed renters in gentrified census tracts overwhelmingly viewed gentrification trends as a negative change compared to homeowners. Overall, participants from gentrified census tracts reported being relatively satisfied with their neighborhood, though some suggested there were fewer resources in the neighborhood over time; felt their social cohesion had deteriorated over time; and more commonly reflected negative health changes over time.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that while gentrification can bring much needed improvements to neighborhoods, it can also bring other disruptive changes that affect the health and wellbeing of existing residents.
(© 2023. RAND Corporation.)

المؤلفون: Gamo BR; Department of Agricultural Environment, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea.; Department of Rural Development, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia., Park DB; Department of Community Development, Kongju National University, Yesan-gun, Chungnam, Republic of Korea.

المصدر: Journal of community psychology [J Community Psychol] 2024 Jan; Vol. 52 (1), pp. 258-275. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 26.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0367033 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1520-6629 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00904392 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Community Psychol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Social Cohesion* , Community Participation*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Family Characteristics ; Personal Satisfaction

مستخلص: Community satisfaction is a central component of community development because it indicates the overall contentment of residents with their community. As such, it can indicate the directions for community development. This study is aimed at examining a sense of community and community participation as factors influencing community satisfaction in the Yirgachefe district of Ethiopia. We collected data from 360 randomly selected household heads (male = 80.2%, female = 19.2%) residing in 12 rural communities. We used structural equation modeling to analyze the data. Results revealed that residents with a higher sense of community were more likely to have participated in their community and to be satisfied with their community. However, sense of community only indirectly influenced community satisfaction and had an insignificant direct effect on community satisfaction. There is a fully mediating effect of community participation between sense of community and community satisfaction. We propose policy implications based on the study.
(© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

المؤلفون: Choi EY; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

المصدر: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences [J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci] 2024 Jan 01; Vol. 79 (1).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: published on behalf of the Gerontological Society of America by Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9508483 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1758-5368 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10795014 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Loneliness*/psychology , Social Cohesion*, Humans ; Aging/psychology ; Residence Characteristics ; Self Concept

مستخلص: Objectives: One's aging experience is structurally embedded in the social aspects of the residential environment. However, it is largely unknown how this upstream contextual factor may shape self-perceptions of aging (SPA) and loneliness, critical aspects of later-life psychological well-being with profound health implications. This study examines the longitudinal association of neighborhood social cohesion with SPA and -loneliness, as well as the potential bidirectional associations between outcomes.
Methods: This study used 8-year data from the Health and Retirement Study, with an analytic sample of 9,299 U.S. adults aged 50 or older. Latent growth curve models were implemented to assess the associations of baseline neighborhood social cohesion with trajectories of SPA and loneliness. Path analysis was conducted to examine the longitudinal mediation mechanisms connecting neighborhood social cohesion with SPA and loneliness.
Results: Respondents from cohesive neighborhoods at baseline started with and maintained more positive initial SPA over time, but their positive perceptions decreased faster over time. Cohesive neighborhoods were associated with lower levels of loneliness over an 8-year study period, but also with slower rates of decline in loneliness. Path analysis revealed that neighborhood social cohesion indirectly affected SPA and loneliness, via bidirectional mechanisms.
Discussion: This study demonstrates the significant role of environmental factors beyond individual predictors and advocates for the potential of neighborhood environments as a target for interventions to foster positive aging perception and tackle loneliness. Furthermore, it indicates that loneliness and SPA could reciprocally influence each other in the context of neighborhood social cohesion, enriching our understanding of their dynamics.
(© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

المؤلفون: Nunner H; Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems (IMIS), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. hendrik.nunner@uni-luebeck.de., Buskens V; Department of Sociology/ICS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Centre for Complex System Studies (CCSS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Corten R; Department of Sociology/ICS, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Centre for Complex System Studies (CCSS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Kaandorp C; Information and Technology Services (ITS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Kretzschmar M; Centre for Complex System Studies (CCSS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

المصدر: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2023 Dec 18; Vol. 13 (1), pp. 22586. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 18.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Social Cohesion* , Epidemics*, Humans ; Social Networking

مستخلص: People tend to limit social contacts during times of increased health risks, leading to disruption of social networks thus changing the course of epidemics. To what extent, however, do people show such avoidance reactions? To test the predictions and assumptions of an agent-based model on the feedback loop between avoidance behavior, social networks, and disease spread, we conducted a large-scale (2,879 participants) incentivized experiment. The experiment rewards maintaining social relations and structures, and penalizes acquiring infections. We find that disease avoidance dominates networking decisions, despite relatively low penalties for infections; and that participants use more sophisticated strategies than expected (e.g., avoiding susceptible others with infectious neighbors), while they forget to maintain a beneficial network structure. Consequently, we observe low infection numbers, but also deterioration of network positions. These results imply that the focus on a more obvious signal (i.e., infection) may lead to unwanted side effects (i.e., loss of social cohesion).
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Adeleke GF; Department of Sociology and Criminology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Okuku Campus, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria., Lawal MO; Department of Sociology and Criminology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Okuku Campus, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria., Lanre-Babalola FO; Department of Sociology and Criminology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Okuku Campus, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria., Akinpelu TO; Department of Sociology and Criminology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Okuku Campus, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria.

المصدر: Journal of community psychology [J Community Psychol] 2023 Sep; Vol. 51 (7), pp. 2697-2711. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 05.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0367033 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1520-6629 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00904392 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Community Psychol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Social Cohesion* , Crime*/prevention & control , Crime*/psychology, Humans ; Nigeria ; Law Enforcement ; Police

مستخلص: This study examined how social cohesion variables, SCV are associated with effective crime control strategies, CCS in Nigeria's rural areas. With mixed-methods, we collected data from 3408 participants and 12 interviewees in 48 rural areas; the results showed that strong SCV indirectly hindered an effective CCS. Significant correlation was found between SCV and CCS. The SCV are shared emotions, strong-family and religious-ties, mutual-trust, communal cohesion, well-articulated common information network, and longstanding age-group bond. The CCS adopted by the law enforcement agents were largely ineffective; these strategies are indiscriminate arrest or search with/without warrant, secret deployment of informants, liaising with local security guards and prompt documentation of cases. Other strategies include monitoring crime black-spots, collaboration among different security agencies, awareness programs and strong community-police relationship. There is a need for public awareness about the negative effects of communal bond on crime control to have a crime-free society in Nigeria.
(© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)