المؤلفون: Ayanna Walker, Adam Oswald, Jessica Wanthal, Christine Van Dillen, Cherian Plamoottil, Parth Patel, Maria Tassone, Latha Ganti

المصدر: Health Psychology Research, Vol 10, Iss 3 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Mental healing, RZ400-408

الوصف: # Background This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Pit Crew intervention to improve team dynamics and time to performance of critical actions in a prehospital critical care scenario. The primary outcome was successful completion of critical actions and time to completion of these critical actions. Secondary outcomes included effectiveness of communication and overall team functioning. # Methods The study was conducted with a fire-based Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system with 233 paramedics and 115 Emergency Medical Technicians (EMT). Eight EMS crews comprised of five members each were randomly selected and assigned to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention group (n=20) watched a thirty-minute video prior to the training describing the “Pit Crew Approach;” the control group (n=20) did not watch the video. Each crew was given the same simulation scenario of a pediatric patient that had overdosed on a beta-blocker. Completion of predetermined critical tasks were noted and timestamped. A survey was administered to the participants following the training to assess team dynamics and level of confidence. # Results Three outcomes were statistically significant between the two arms: The interventional group felt they themselves had a more defined role in the resuscitation in comparison to the non-interventional group (p= 0.021). The interventional group also felt that their team members had a clearer and more defined role than the nonintervention group (p= 0.018). The interventional group also felt more confident managing a beta blocker overdose than the nonintervention group (p.007). The only statistically significant secondary outcome finding was in scene departure decision: the interventional arm spent more time on-scene (p=0.031). Of note, the non-intervention group missed performing tasks more often than the interventional group and team leaders of these groups often performed task(s) while also directing the patient care. # Conclusion The Pit Crew model was developed to optimize communication and team function. Our data identified that a formal instruction of the pit crew approach to a critical care scenario improved comfort in patient care. Future studies are needed evaluate other methods of training and the effects of continued formal pit-crew training over time.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://healthpsychologyresearch.openmedicalpublishing.org/article/36960-the-a-to-e-abcde-pit-crew-model-a-novel-approach-to-team-based-care-of-critical-patients-in-the-prehospital-setting; https://doaj.org/toc/2420-8124

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/55204ac544774ff99e78ef66d4134b1e

المؤلفون: Cherian, John J., Gibbs, Isaac, Candès, Emmanuel J.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Methodology

الوصف: We develop new conformal inference methods for obtaining validity guarantees on the output of large language models (LLMs). Prior work in conformal language modeling identifies a subset of the text that satisfies a high-probability guarantee of correctness. These methods work by filtering claims from the LLM's original response if a scoring function evaluated on the claim fails to exceed a threshold calibrated via split conformal prediction. Existing methods in this area suffer from two deficiencies. First, the guarantee stated is not conditionally valid. The trustworthiness of the filtering step may vary based on the topic of the response. Second, because the scoring function is imperfect, the filtering step can remove many valuable and accurate claims. We address both of these challenges via two new conformal methods. First, we generalize the conditional conformal procedure of Gibbs et al. (2023) in order to adaptively issue weaker guarantees when they are required to preserve the utility of the output. Second, we show how to systematically improve the quality of the scoring function via a novel algorithm for differentiating through the conditional conformal procedure. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach on both synthetic and real-world datasets.
Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures

URL الوصول: http://arxiv.org/abs/2406.09714

المؤلفون: Ni, Haomiao, Egger, Bernhard, Lohit, Suhas, Cherian, Anoop, Wang, Ye, Koike-Akino, Toshiaki, Huang, Sharon X., Marks, Tim K.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition

الوصف: Text-conditioned image-to-video generation (TI2V) aims to synthesize a realistic video starting from a given image (e.g., a woman's photo) and a text description (e.g., "a woman is drinking water."). Existing TI2V frameworks often require costly training on video-text datasets and specific model designs for text and image conditioning. In this paper, we propose TI2V-Zero, a zero-shot, tuning-free method that empowers a pretrained text-to-video (T2V) diffusion model to be conditioned on a provided image, enabling TI2V generation without any optimization, fine-tuning, or introducing external modules. Our approach leverages a pretrained T2V diffusion foundation model as the generative prior. To guide video generation with the additional image input, we propose a "repeat-and-slide" strategy that modulates the reverse denoising process, allowing the frozen diffusion model to synthesize a video frame-by-frame starting from the provided image. To ensure temporal continuity, we employ a DDPM inversion strategy to initialize Gaussian noise for each newly synthesized frame and a resampling technique to help preserve visual details. We conduct comprehensive experiments on both domain-specific and open-domain datasets, where TI2V-Zero consistently outperforms a recent open-domain TI2V model. Furthermore, we show that TI2V-Zero can seamlessly extend to other tasks such as video infilling and prediction when provided with more images. Its autoregressive design also supports long video generation.
Comment: CVPR 2024

URL الوصول: http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16306

المؤلفون: Cherian Pinkie, Jayakumar Devika, PA Majidha

المصدر: Revue des Énergies Renouvelables, Pp 199 – 205-199 – 205 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: bibliometric, biofuel, pubmed, software, visualizer, Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830

الوصف: A bibliometric analysis based on PubMed database were carried out to provide insights into research activities and tendencies, challenges of global biodiesel from 1997-2020.The document type and language,characteristics of publication output, keywords and most cited articles were emphasized. The biofuel production faces many challenges which include land availability, high cost, plant health and availability of labour. Data visualization using VOS viewer clearly stated that annual output of related scientific articles increased steadily. On analyzing the keywords, network visualization showed 100 lines with biofuel most related to biotechnology field.The most ideal keyword occurrence were visualized for bio-oil followed by co- digestion of biological matter are seen for density visualization. Six clustering of keywords were noted with links 20,6701 among keywords. The relevance score calculated using VOS viewer software generated 2.35 as score for Biodiesel engine and 2.25 for Organic loading rate. The analysis of review papers from pubMed clearly indicated that biofuels showed direct link to biotechnology field, plant oils and ethanol production.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://revue.cder.dz/index.php/rer/article/view/1056; https://doaj.org/toc/1112-2242; https://doaj.org/toc/2716-8247

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/e9d50db53b764e1b9d0c82d5d9f6c005

المؤلفون: Latha Ganti, Bryan Kwon, Andrew George, Thor Stead, Cherian Plamoottil, Paul Banerjee

المصدر: Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: acute ischemic stroke, emergency medicine, litigation, tissue plasminogen activator, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9

الوصف: Abstract Objective Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is considered standard of care for acute ischemic stroke treatment, but some physicians withhold or delay this highly time‐dependent therapy from stroke patients because they do not think it works well or they are worried about the adverse effects or fear medico‐legal consequences. The authors sought to investigate whether litigation arises from physicians treating versus not treating acute ischemic stroke patients with tPA. Methods The authors examined closed cases from 1996 to 2020 in an online legal database, Westlaw, regarding alleged complaints for whether or not thrombolytic treatment was given for acute stroke. Results Sixty‐six relevant cases were identified. In all 66 cases, the plaintiffs sued for issues stemming from either failure to give tPA or a delay in giving tPA. In 77% of cases the verdict was in favor of the defendant. Only 1 lawsuit included intracerebral hemorrhage after tPA, but it was brought forth owing to delay in giving tPA; the verdict was in favor of the defendant. Conclusion It is more common for patients to sue physicians for not administering tPA in a timely fashion or at any point. Medicolegal risks of withholding or delaying tPA are clear, whereas we found no clear medicolegal risk to providing tPA when indicated.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2688-1152

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/82d38d3c0c054131807ff3e993f86970

المؤلفون: Emily Drone, MD, Bryan Kwon, Cherian Plamoottil, DO, Latha Ganti, MD, MS, MBA

المصدر: Urology Case Reports, Vol 39, Iss , Pp 101823- (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Testicular ischemia, Compartment syndrome, Acute cholecystitis, Testicular diseases, Hydrocoele, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923

الوصف: This case discusses the presentation of a surprising diagnosis of testicular compartment syndrome in a patient with severe testicular pain and swelling in the Emergency Department.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214442021002631; https://doaj.org/toc/2214-4420

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/855e6d553f5a4550a6274974aadef456

المؤلفون: Misra, Gadadhar, Narayanan, E. K., Varughese, Cherian

مصطلحات موضوعية: Mathematics - Functional Analysis, Mathematics - Operator Algebras, 22D30, 22D45, 47B15

الوصف: In this semi-expository article, we investigate the relationship between the imprimitivity introduced by Mackey several decades ago and commuting $d$- tuples of homogeneous normal operators. The Hahn-Hellinger theorem gives a canonical decomposition of a $*$- algebra representation $\rho$ of $C_0(\mathbb{S})$ (where $\mathbb S$ is a locally compact Hausdorff space) into a direct sum. If there is a group $G$ acting transitively on $\mathbb{S}$ and is adapted to the $*$- representation $\rho$ via a unitary representation $U$ of the group $G$, in other words, if there is an imprimitivity, then the Hahn-Hellinger decomposition reduces to just one component, and the group representation $U$ becomes an induced representation, which is Mackey's imprimitivity theorem. We consider the case where a compact topological space $S\subset \mathbb {C}^d$ decomposes into finitely many $G$- orbits. In such cases, the imprimitivity based on $S$ admits a decomposition as a direct sum of imprimitivities based on these orbits. This decomposition leads to a correspondence with homogeneous normal tuples whose joint spectrum is precisely the closure of $G$- orbits.
Comment: 20 pages

URL الوصول: http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.15737

المؤلفون: Sohrabi, Fereshteh, Rigoni, Carlo, Cherian, Tomy, Ikkala, Olli, Timonen, Jaakko V. I.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter

الوصف: Inspired by emergent behaviors of living matter, there is increasing interest in developing approaches to create dynamic patterns and structures in synthetic materials with controllable complexity to enable functionalities that are not possible in thermodynamic equilibrium. Here we show that electrophoretically driven and maintained non-equilibrium gradients of magnetic nanoparticles in non-polar solvent can undergo electrokinetic instabilities (EKI), leading to various electrically controllable spatiotemporally patterned states. These electrokinetic instabilities and patterns can be tuned with a magnetic field via magnetostatic energy reduction mechanism to both increase and decrease the pattern complexity. We reflect the experimental observations on the theoretical electrokinetic and magnetostatic arguments. We further show that small amounts of polar water in the otherwise non-polar system are critical enablers for the electrophoretic mobility of the nanoparticles. Since functionalities of magnetic nanoparticles are widely tunable, we foresee that the combination of dissipative electrokinetic driving and magnetic energy reduction can lead to novel functional dissipative materials.

URL الوصول: http://arxiv.org/abs/2401.17956

المؤلفون: Shweta Sinha Deshpande, Sulakshana Sen (ORCID 0000-0002-1528-3790), Gayatri Mendanha, Roshni Raheja, Khushi Bajaj, Ananya Moorthy, Kuhelika Bisht, Sarah Cherian, Sharanya Nair, Naushi Mathur, Meghana Kodamarti

المصدر: Higher Education for the Future. 2024 11(1):11-31.

Peer Reviewed: Y

Page Count: 21

Descriptors: School Community Programs, School Community Relationship, Partnerships in Education, Action Research, Service Learning, Community Needs, Private Colleges, College Curriculum, Program Design, Program Implementation, Institutional Role, Stakeholders, Place Based Education, Models, Social Change, Foreign Countries

مصطلحات جغرافية: India

مستخلص: The article presents the replicable model of Curriculum and Community Based Academic Learning with Research, Action and Service (CCBALwRAS) through a framework of '2 Cs', the 'curriculum' and the 'community'. It puts forth a support strategy for participatory community-based interventions by formally inducting higher education institutions (HEIs) to achieve long-term sustainable, workable solutions for local communities. The study is based on a multi-stakeholder partnership, facilitated through partnerships between the HEI, committed faculty-student participation and civil society, executed between 2015 and 2020. The article draws from the execution and actual field experience of the partnership, along with qualitative data from the evaluation and assessment of the programme delivered. Given that the model developed is based on the experiences of a private fee-dependent HEI in a metro city, the study does not take into consideration infrastructural and resource constraints of other HEIs. The article focuses on the role of HEIs as fulfilling dual responsibilities of knowledge creation and dissemination while addressing socioeconomic, developmental and environmental needs within their immediate communities. The resultant pedagogical shift and the model proposed is an effective solution for equity, capacity building and civic-mindedness, which will nurture socially aware and critically conscious global citizens.

Abstractor: As Provided

المؤلفون: Zhu, Xinghao, Jha, Devesh K., Romeres, Diego, Sun, Lingfeng, Tomizuka, Masayoshi, Cherian, Anoop

مصطلحات موضوعية: Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Machine Learning

الوصف: Automating the assembly of objects from their parts is a complex problem with innumerable applications in manufacturing, maintenance, and recycling. Unlike existing research, which is limited to target segmentation, pose regression, or using fixed target blueprints, our work presents a holistic multi-level framework for part assembly planning consisting of part assembly sequence inference, part motion planning, and robot contact optimization. We present the Part Assembly Sequence Transformer (PAST) -- a sequence-to-sequence neural network -- to infer assembly sequences recursively from a target blueprint. We then use a motion planner and optimization to generate part movements and contacts. To train PAST, we introduce D4PAS: a large-scale Dataset for Part Assembly Sequences (D4PAS) consisting of physically valid sequences for industrial objects. Experimental results show that our approach generalizes better than prior methods while needing significantly less computational time for inference.
Comment: Supplementary video is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XNYkWSHkAaU&ab_channel=MitsubishiElectricResearchLabs%28MERL%29

URL الوصول: http://arxiv.org/abs/2312.10571