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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Zachary Emberts, Christine W. Miller, Chelsea Skojec, Rachel Shepherd, Colette M. St. Mary
المصدر: Ecology and Evolution, Vol 10, Iss 16, Pp 8571-8578 (2020)
مصطلحات موضوعية: autotomy, body size, Coreidae, deimatic display, eyespots, flash display, Ecology, QH540-549.5
الوصف: Abstract Antipredatory displays that incorporate hidden contrasting coloration are found in a variety of different animals. These displays are seen in organisms that have drab coloration at rest, but when disturbed reveal conspicuous coloration. Examples include the bright abdomens of mountain katydids and the colorful underwings of hawk moths. Such hidden displays can function as secondary defenses, enabling evasion of a pursuant predator. To begin to understand why some species have these displays while others do not, we conducted phylogenetic comparative analyses to investigate factors associated with the evolution of hidden contrasting coloration in leaf‐footed bugs. First, we investigated whether hidden contrasting coloration was associated with body size because these displays are considered to be more effective in larger organisms. We then investigated whether hidden contrasting coloration was associated with an alternative antipredatory defense, in this case rapid autotomy. We found that leaf‐footed bugs with hidden contrasting coloration tended to autotomize more slowly, but this result was not statistically significant. We also found that the presence of a body size association was dependent upon the form of the hidden color display. Leaf‐footed bugs that reveal red/orange coloration were the same size, on average, as species without a hidden color display. However, species that reveal white patches on a black background were significantly larger than species without a hidden color display. These results highlight the diversity of forms that hidden contrasting color signal can take, upon which selection may act differently.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-7758
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المؤلفون: James P. Cuda, Colette M. St. Mary, Julie Baniszewski, Courtney Stachowiak, Emma N. I. Weeks
المصدر: Hydrobiologia. 848:581-591
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, biology, media_common.quotation_subject, Hydrilla, Biological pest control, Zoology, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Gambusia, Competition (biology), Predation, 010602 entomology, Midge, Predator, Mosquitofish, 010606 plant biology & botany, media_common
الوصف: Hydrilla verticillatais an aquatic weed that grows densely throughout the water column and is costly to manage. The hydrilla tip mining midge,Cricotopus lebetis, a potential augmentative biological control agent of hydrilla, feeds on the apical meristem preventing growth. The goal of this study was to quantify the influence of a predator (mosquitofish,Gambusiasp.) and a competitor (hydrilla leafcutter moth,Parapoynx diminutalis) and their interactions, on the ability of the midge to survive and feed on hydrilla. The first experiment involved six treatments established in 37.8 L tanks with combinations of the organisms, including larvalC. lebetis. Survival to adult midge eclosion was significantly reduced in the presence of the predator but was unaffected by the competitor’s presence alone. Apical meristem damage was reduced when both the competitor and predator were present. The second experiment included four treatments withC. lebetisegg masses or larvae and the presence or absence of mosquitofish. AddingC. lebetisas eggs rather than as larvae increased midge survival in the absence of the predator. Midge survival was lower when larvae were added, but the predator had no additional effect. To facilitate successful establishment of the midge and control of hydrilla, high numbers of larvae should be released to overcome predation.
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المؤلفون: Andrew J. MacIntosh, Colette M. St. Mary, Savanna J. Curtis, Arthur B. Rudolph, Keith R. Schneider, Renée M. Goodrich, Devanshu V. Mehta
المصدر: Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists. 79:333-339
مصطلحات موضوعية: Flocculation, Polymer science, Chemistry, Yeast flocculation, Natural phenomenon, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yeast, Food Science, Biotechnology, Suspension (chemistry), Mini review
الوصف: Flocculation of yeast is a natural phenomenon wherein cells clump together and come out of suspension. This is often relied upon by brewers as a natural means of removing yeast, as clumps of yeast ...
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المؤلفون: Chelsea Skojec, Colette M. St. Mary, Zachary Emberts, Christine W. Miller, Rachel Shepherd
المصدر: Ecology and Evolution, Vol 10, Iss 16, Pp 8571-8578 (2020)
Ecology and Evolutionمصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, genetic structures, Biology, Body size, flash display, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, hemipteran, hidden contrasting coloration, 03 medical and health sciences, eyespots, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Predator, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Original Research, autotomy, Color signal, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, fungi, deimatic display, Evolutionary biology, Eyespot, prey, predation, lcsh:Ecology, Coreidae, body size
الوصف: Antipredatory displays that incorporate hidden contrasting coloration are found in a variety of different animals. These displays are seen in organisms that have drab coloration at rest, but when disturbed reveal conspicuous coloration. Examples include the bright abdomens of mountain katydids and the colorful underwings of hawk moths. Such hidden displays can function as secondary defenses, enabling evasion of a pursuant predator. To begin to understand why some species have these displays while others do not, we conducted phylogenetic comparative analyses to investigate factors associated with the evolution of hidden contrasting coloration in leaf‐footed bugs. First, we investigated whether hidden contrasting coloration was associated with body size because these displays are considered to be more effective in larger organisms. We then investigated whether hidden contrasting coloration was associated with an alternative antipredatory defense, in this case rapid autotomy. We found that leaf‐footed bugs with hidden contrasting coloration tended to autotomize more slowly, but this result was not statistically significant. We also found that the presence of a body size association was dependent upon the form of the hidden color display. Leaf‐footed bugs that reveal red/orange coloration were the same size, on average, as species without a hidden color display. However, species that reveal white patches on a black background were significantly larger than species without a hidden color display. These results highlight the diversity of forms that hidden contrasting color signal can take, upon which selection may act differently.
We found that larger species of leaf‐footed bugs are more likely to have flash displays that reveal white patches on a black background. However, we also found that species with red/orange displays are the same size, on average, as species without hidden color displays . These results suggest that selection differs between forms of hidden displays, which could explain why hidden contrasting coloration is associated with larger body sizes in some clades but not others. -
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المؤلفون: Michael Forthman, Ummat Somjee, Colette M. St. Mary, Daiqin Li, Wei Song Hwang, Cody Coyotee Howard, Rebecca T. Kimball, Philip W. Bateman, Christine W. Miller, Zachary Emberts
المصدر: Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, latitudinal gradient, Zoology, evolutionary origins, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Heteroptera, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Appendage, Behavior, Animal, Autotomy, Extremities, Original Articles, Exaptation, Phylogenetic comparative methods, Alydidae, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Hemiptera, 030104 developmental biology, Predatory Behavior, phylogenetic comparative methods, evolutionary ecology, predator‐prey, Original Article, Evolutionary ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
الوصف: Sacrificing body parts is one of many behaviors that animals use to escape predation. This trait, termed autotomy, is classically associated with lizards. However, several other taxa also autotomize, and this trait has independently evolved multiple times throughout Animalia. Despite having multiple origins and being an iconic antipredatory trait, much remains unknown about the evolution of autotomy. Here, we combine morphological, behavioral, and genomic data to investigate the evolution of autotomy within leaf‐footed bugs and allies (Insecta: Hemiptera: Coreidae + Alydidae). We found that the ancestor of leaf‐footed bugs autotomized and did so slowly; rapid autotomy (
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المصدر: Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists. 78:63-73
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, Flocculation, Chemistry, food and beverages, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yeast, carbohydrates (lipids), 0404 agricultural biotechnology, 010608 biotechnology, Yeast flocculation, Fermentation, Food science, Food Science, Biotechnology
الوصف: Understanding yeast dynamics during fermentation is important for quality control, whether monitoring fermentation consistency or identifying aberrant events, such as premature yeast flocculation (...
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المصدر: Integrative and comparative biology. 61(6)
مصطلحات موضوعية: education.field_of_study, Cellular metabolism, Scale (chemistry), Population, Biosphere, Plant Science, Variation (game tree), Biodiversity, Data science, Degree (music), Field (geography), Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, education, Biology, Ecosystem
الوصف: Synopsis The organization of the living world covers a vast range of spatiotemporal scales, from molecules to the biosphere, seconds to centuries. Biologists working within specialized subdisciplines tend to focus on different ranges of scales. Therefore, developing frameworks that enable testing questions and predictions of scaling requires sufficient understanding of complex processes across biological subdisciplines and spatiotemporal scales. Frameworks that enable scaling across subdisciplines would ideally allow us to test hypotheses about the degree to which explicit integration across spatiotemporal scales is needed for predicting the outcome of biological processes. For instance, how does genomic variation within populations allow us to explain community structure? How do the dynamics of cellular metabolism translate to our understanding of whole-ecosystem metabolism? Do patterns and processes operate seamlessly across biological scales, or are there fundamental laws of biological scaling that limit our ability to make predictions from one scale to another? Similarly, can sub-organismal structures and processes be sufficiently understood in isolation of potential feedbacks from the population, community, or ecosystem levels? And can we infer the sub-organismal processes from data on the population, community, or ecosystem scale? Concerted efforts to develop more cross-disciplinary frameworks will open doors to a more fully integrated field of biology. In this paper, we discuss how we might integrate across scales, specifically by (1) identifying scales and boundaries, (2) determining analogous units and processes across scales, (3) developing frameworks to unite multiple scales, and (4) extending frameworks to new empirical systems.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2745e8cfe82cd1b8e3ac09e66295ea15
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34472603 -
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المؤلفون: Colette M. St. Mary, José Miguel Ponciano, H. Jane Brockmann
المصدر: Animal Behaviour. 143:177-191
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, 05 social sciences, Negative binomial distribution, Zoology, Biology, Poisson distribution, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Spawn (biology), Structural complexity, Horseshoe crab, symbols.namesake, Polyphemus, symbols, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Operational sex ratio, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Count data
الوصف: In some species, especially those that form breeding aggregations, males form groups around females vying for fertilizations. These mating groups are often highly variable in size even during a single breeding event. We examined this variation in the American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, a species in which some females (nesting in pairs) attract additional males (satellites) and spawn in groups whereas others spawn only with their attached male. The observed distribution of group sizes often consists of an overabundance of pairs with no satellite males and groups with large numbers of satellites. We characterized this variation using well-known models of count data, such as the Poisson and negative binomial distributions, and evaluated how operational sex ratio (OSR) and pair density contribute to the observed variation. We complemented this descriptive approach with spatially explicit simulations of the group formation process. By comparing our simulation results to the observed breeding aggregation data, we identified how simple behavioural rules might contribute to the variation we observe. Those rules amount to hypotheses about pair and satellite arrival at the beach and satellite sampling of and choice among pairs. We found that the observed variation could be explained by a consistent high frequency of females that attract satellites in combination with males that sample different fractions of the beach as pair density and OSR vary. Furthermore, our simulations suggested that males are not choosy in joining pairs on the beach, despite variation among pairs in the fertilization success satellites can achieve. This suggests that new insights might come from investigating the costs and benefits of male choice and the sensory mechanisms satellite males use to assess the breeding aggregation before coming ashore.
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المؤلفون: Colette M. St. Mary, Craig W. Osenberg, Jeffrey S. Shima
مصطلحات موضوعية: Population Density, education.field_of_study, biology, Coral reef fish, Ecology, Population Dynamics, Population, Hawkfish, Spatial Behavior, Anthozoa, biology.organism_classification, Population density, Paracirrhites arcatus, Perciformes, Wrasse, Predatory Behavior, Animals, Mortality, Vital rates, Pocillopora, Population Growth, education, Ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
الوصف: Heterogeneity in site quality can play an important role in patterns of abundance and population dynamics. Yet, estimating site quality in natural systems can be problematic because site quality can (1) vary through ontogeny for a focal organism, leading to shifts in site quality with age, (2) be confounded with (or masked by) variation in traits of individuals populating the sites, and (3) be correlated with local density. For example, if high- quality sites attract more individuals but vital rates are density dependent, then observed vital rates will be relatively homogeneous in space despite strong heterogeneity in site quality. Here, we operationally define site quality for a reef fish as the mean survival time of juveniles transplanted to sites at a common density and size structure, with random assignment of individuals to sites to remove potential confounding effects of local variation in individual quality and density. Our assays using juvenile age classes of the six-bar wrasse (Thalassoma hardwicke) showed that site quality varied in space (i.e., among patch reefs) but was constant through time. Site quality increased with availability of the branching coral Pocillopora (which is used as a refuge), but decreased with density of a predator, the arc-eye hawkfish, Paracirrhites arcatus (which also uses Pocillopora). We experimentally added colonies of Pocillopora to reefs and (1) increased site quality, (2) enhanced natural settlement rates of six- bar wrasse, but (3) attracted more hawkfish predators, and (4) did not increase survival of juvenile fish under ambient densities. Our results suggest that Pocillopora increases site quality, but attracts greater densities of settlers and predators, resulting in increased density dependence and predation, which mask the underlying effects of Pocillopora on site quality (supporting the hypothesis of ''cryptic density dependence''). Variation in site quality and the possible confounding effects of density and individual traits warrant more experimental study.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::5a1eacf2a04c659c77271a2742457f87
https://doi.org/10.26686/wgtn.13013021 -
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المؤلفون: Ping Huang, Rebecca T. Kimball, Colette M. St. Mary
المصدر: Journal of Urban Ecology. 6
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, biology, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Urban Studies, Fight-or-flight response, Variation (linguistics), Habitat, Cardinalis cardinalis, Urbanization, Personality, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Psychology, media_common
الوصف: Behavioral traits that vary consistently among individuals across different contexts are often termed as ‘personality traits,’ while the correlated suite formed by those traits is called a ‘behavioral syndrome’. Both personality trait and behavioral syndrome are potentially responsive to animal ‘states’, defined as strategically relevant individual features affecting the cost-and-benefit trade-offs of behavioral actions. Both extrinsic ‘states’ (e.g. urban versus rural habitats), and intrinsic ‘states’ (e.g. sex), may shape among-individual variation in personality traits, as well as behavioral syndromes. Here, we used northern cardinals sampled from four locations to examine the effect of habitat type (urban versus rural, an extrinsic state), stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) parameters, body weight and sex (intrinsic states) on personality traits and behavioral syndrome variation. We used behavioral trials to measure five personality traits. Using principal component analysis to quantify personality traits first, followed by general linear mixed models, we found that habitat type, CORT at capture and 2-day CORT response affected some personality traits, while body weight and sex did not. Cardinals inhabiting more urbanized areas had lower CORT metabolite levels at capture and were more neophilic, less neophobic and also less aggressive than their rural conspecifics. Using structural equation modeling to construct behavioral syndromes formed by our selected personality traits, we found that urban and rural cardinals varied in the models representing syndrome structure. When utilizing the shared syndrome structural model to examine the effects of states, habitat type and 2-day CORT response appear to affect syndrome variation in a coordinated, not hierarchical, manner.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::29e9121a69ab7191bbea587ea277d827
https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juaa015
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