المؤلفون: Jakubowski, Aleksandra, Egger, Dennis, Mulebeke, Ronald, Akankwasa, Pius, Muruta, Allan, Kiwanuka, Noah, Wanyenze, Rhoda

مصطلحات موضوعية: masks, COVID, COVID-19, public health, uganda

الوصف: The slow rollout of vaccines in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and the emergence of new COVID-19 variants underscore the critical role masks continue to play two years into the pandemic. Given face masks’ low cost and relative ease of use, a key question facing policymakers is whether populations are heeding the advice to wear masks, and what strategies are especially effective to encourage mask take-up. We evaluated a national program to distribute masks in Uganda, which reached the Mbale District in March 2021, to assess whether distribution of free masks alone or distribution paired with education about masks and COVID-19 encourages mask use.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0063k133

المؤلفون: Egger, Dennis, Haushofer, Johannes, Miguel, Edward, Niehaus, Paul, Walker, Michael

المصدر: Econometrica. 90(6):2603-2643

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cash transfers, spillover effects, transfer multiplier, Kenya

الوصف: How large economic stimuli generate individual and aggregate responses is a central question in economics, but has not been studied experimentally. We provided one-time cash transfers of about USD 1000 to over 10,500 poor households across 653 randomized villages in rural Kenya. The implied fiscal shock was over 15 percent of local GDP. We find large impacts on consumption and assets for recipients. Importantly, we document large positive spillovers on non-recipient households and firms, and minimal price inflation. We estimate a local transfer multiplier of 2.5. We interpret welfare implications through the lens of a simple household optimization framework.

وصف الملف: print

URL الوصول: https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-213147
https://doi.org/10.3982/ECTA17945

المؤلفون: Jakubowski, Aleksandra, Egger, Dennis, Nekesa, Carolyne, Lowe, Layna, Walker, Michael, Miguel, Edward

المصدر: JAMA Network Open. 4(7)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Adult, Behavior Observation Techniques, COVID-19, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Kenya, Male, Masks, Middle Aged, Reproducibility of Results, SARS-CoV-2, Self Report, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences

الوصف: This cross-sectional study examines the extent to which mask mandates are followed and quantify the bias of self-reported mask usage in Kenya.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6jx7p45h

المؤلفون: Egger, Dennis, Miguel, Edward, Warren, Shana S, Shenoy, Ashish, Collins, Elliott, Karlan, Dean, Parkerson, Doug, Mobarak, A Mushfiq, Fink, Günther, Udry, Christopher, Walker, Michael, Haushofer, Johannes, Larreboure, Magdalena, Athey, Susan, Lopez-Pena, Paula, Benhachmi, Salim, Humphreys, Macartan, Lowe, Layna, Meriggi, Niccoló F, Wabwire, Andrew, Davis, C Austin, Pape, Utz Johann, Graff, Tilman, Voors, Maarten, Nekesa, Carolyn, Vernot, Corey

المصدر: Science advances. 7(6)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Humans, Family Characteristics, Seasons, Domestic Violence, Government Programs, Developing Countries, Agriculture, Adult, Child, Employment, Income, Africa, Colombia, Asia, Female, Male, Economic Recession, Pandemics, Surveys and Questionnaires, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Food Insecurity, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science

الوصف: Despite numerous journalistic accounts, systematic quantitative evidence on economic conditions during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic remains scarce for most low- and middle-income countries, partly due to limitations of official economic statistics in environments with large informal sectors and subsistence agriculture. We assemble evidence from over 30,000 respondents in 16 original household surveys from nine countries in Africa (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, Sierra Leone), Asia (Bangladesh, Nepal, Philippines), and Latin America (Colombia). We document declines in employment and income in all settings beginning March 2020. The share of households experiencing an income drop ranges from 8 to 87% (median, 68%). Household coping strategies and government assistance were insufficient to sustain precrisis living standards, resulting in widespread food insecurity and dire economic conditions even 3 months into the crisis. We discuss promising policy responses and speculate about the risk of persistent adverse effects, especially among children and other vulnerable groups.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95c6n64q

المؤلفون: Egger, Dennis, Haushofer, Johannes, Miguel, Edward, Niehaus, Paul, Walker, Michael

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b84w7hh

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المؤلفون: Walker, Michael, Egger, Dennis, Haushofer, Johannes, Miguel, Edward

مصطلحات موضوعية: Economics, COVID-19, cash transfers, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Kenya

الوصف: This project collects phone survey data from a long-run follow-up sample of households and enterprises to study effects and resilience to COVID-19.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::b4448d03107f4ebc10dd98a16d0dfb48

المؤلفون: Biscaye, Pierre E., Egger, Dennis Timo, Pape, Utz Johann

مصطلحات موضوعية: CHILDCARE, HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILD, SCHOOL CLOSURE, CHILD AGRICULTURAL LABOR, POVERTY AND EQUITY

الوصف: This paper identifies the impact of childcare responsibilities on adult labor supply in the context of COVID-19-related school closures in Kenya. It compares changes in parents’ labor participation after schools partly reopened in October 2020 for households with children in a grade eligible to return against households with children in adjacent grades. Using nationally-representative panel data from World Bank phone surveys in 2020–21, the findings show that the partial reopening increases affected adults’ weekly labor hours by 22 percent, with increases concentrated in household agriculture. The results suggest that school closures account for over 30 percent of the fall in average work hours in the first few months after COVID-19 cases were detected. The effects are driven by changes in household childcare burdens and child agricultural labor when a student returns to school. The impacts are not significantly different by sex of the adult. Although both women and men increased hours spent on childcare during the pandemic, women benefited more than men from reductions in childcare needs, but took on more of the childcare burden when the returning student was a net childcare provider. The results highlight the importance of siblings in household childcare and suggest that policies that increase childcare availability and affordability could increase adult labor supply in Kenya.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od______2456::25da750430150f6662282b03af5eb902
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/210811646666473975/Balancing-Work-and-Childcare-Evidence-from-COVID-19-School-Closures-and-Reopenings-in-Kenya

المؤلفون: Vintar, Mirko, Beltramo, Theresa Parrish, Delius, Antonia Johanna Sophie, Egger, Dennis Timo, Pape, Utz Johann

مصطلحات موضوعية: REFUGEE-HOSTING COUNTRY, fungi, food and beverages, ACCESS TO GOVERNMENT SERVICE, POVERTY AND EQUITY, EMPLOYMENT RATE, STATELESS PERSON, SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT, ACCESS TO EXTERNAL FINANCE, REFUGEE MIGRATION

الوصف: This paper investigates the labor market outcomes for refugee and urban national communities in Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic, using five waves of a novel high-frequency phone survey collected between May 2020 and June 2021. Even after conditioning on age, gender, educational attainment, and area of living, only 32 percent of refugees were employed in February 2020 compared with 63 percent of nationals. With the onset of the pandemic in March 2020, the share of employed for both refugees and nationals fell by around 36 percent, such that in May-June 2020, only 21 percent of refugees were still employed compared with 40 percent of nationals. Using a panel setup with wave and location fixed effects, the analysis finds that the recovery in the share of employed, hours worked, and household incomes was slower and often stagnant for refugees compared with the recovery of nationals. These differences cannot be explained by demographic factors, living in an urban or camp environment, having been employed previously, or sectoral choice, suggesting that a third, unobservable “refugee factor” inhibits refugees’ recovery after a major shock and aggravates preexisting vulnerabilities.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od______2456::da48d79f5ccf8f6b3e293cd55770a313
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/839821646670068778/Impact-of-COVID-19-on-Labor-Market-Outcomes-of-Refugees-and-Nationals-in-Kenya

المؤلفون: Egger, Dennis

مستخلص: Externalities of agents' behaviors on other individuals are a key concern of economic analysis. Moreover, from a policy perspective, the spillover effects of an intervention on those not targeted are paramount to understand its effects and evaluating its desirability. Spillovers propagate through social and economic interactions between individuals -- including within the household -- and through participation in common markets or institutions. The geographic clustering of social networks, markets and institutions as well as individuals' location choices through migration thus govern the spatial dispersion of externalities. In this dissertation, I study three examples of how social and economic networks shape the geography of economic interactions.In the first chapter, joint with Daniel Auer and Johannes Kunz, we study the effects of migrant networks on the labor market integration of refugees, the performance of local firms, and the wages of their employees in Switzerland. To track outcomes of individuals and firms, we link six employer-employee matched administrative datasets covering the universe of residents (citizens, migrants, and refugees) and registered firms from 2008 to 2017. Leveraging the quasi-random placement of refugees across locations and a novel IV strategy, we show that larger local networks persistently increase employment and income of refugees. Network effects are large, accounting for 23% of the variation in incomes within nationality cohorts across cantons. In line with homophily, demographically similar networks and economically successful peers have larger positive impacts. Network effects are shaped by direct personal contacts: refugees who quasi-randomly lived in the same residential center are three times more likely to become co-workers at the same firm. Using a shift-share IV design, we then show that firms experiencing a positive shock to their employee's network hire both more migrants and natives. Their wage bill and the average wag

مصطلحات الفهرس: Economics, Labor economics, cash transfers, childcare, covid-19, general equilibrium effects, migration, networks, publication

URL: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7b71j4pw
https://escholarship.org/