المؤلفون: Irini Sereti, Kathryn Shaw-Saliba, Lori E. Dodd, Robin L. Dewar, Sylvain Laverdure, Shawn Brown, Olivier Tshiani Mbaya, Jean Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Placide Mblala-Kingebeni, Ydrissa Sow, Esther Akpa, Mory Cherif Haidara, Karine Fouth Tchos, Abdoul Habib Beavogui, Aaron Neal, Dona Arlinda, Dewi Lokida, Louis Grue, Mary Smolskis, Laura A. McNay, Dehkontee Gayedyu-Dennis, Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios, Abelardo Montenegro-Liendo, Moctar Tounkara, Seydou Samake, Ganbolor Jargalsaikhan, Delgersaikhan Zulkhuu, Shera Weyers, Tyler Bonnett, Gail E. Potter, Randy Stevens, Adam Rupert, Jamila Aboulhab, Jean-Luc Biampata, Alexandre Delamo, Bienvenu Salim Camara, Herman Kosasih Indonesia, Muhammad Karyana, James T. Duworko, Justino Regalado-Pineda, Paola del Carmen Guerra-de-Blas, Seydou Doumbia, Djeneba Dabitao, Naranjargal Dashdorj, Naranbaatar Dashdorj, Kevin Newell, Alyson Francis, Kevin Rubenstein, Victoria Bera, Iman Gulati, Ratna Sardana, Monica Millard, Renee Ridzon, Sally Hunsberger

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 9 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccines have been developed, and the World Health Oraganization (WHO) has granted emergency use listing to multiple vaccines. Studies of vaccine immunogenicity data from implementing COVID-19 vaccines by national immunization programs in single studies spanning multiple countries and continents are limited but critically needed to answer public health questions on vaccines, such as comparing immune responses to different vaccines and among different populations.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9477293/?tool=EBI; https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/35221598c0804d42bd34c327097f7182

المؤلفون: Emery Metelo Matubi, Gillon Ilombe Kaounga, Josue Zanga, Guillaume Binene Mbuku, Jean Nguya Kalemba Maniania, Basimike Mulenda, Jonas Nagahuedi Mbongu Sodi, Jean Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Paul Masiangi

المصدر: The Pan African Medical Journal, Vol 37, Iss 79 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: an. gambiae, insecticide resistance, kwilu, drc, Medicine

الوصف: INTRODUCTION : the control of the mosquito malaria vectors by the National Malaria Control Programme of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) relies mainly on the use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs). However, the widespread emergence of resistance to pyrethroids is jeopardizing this control strategy. The objective of this study is to determine the status and resistance mechanisms involved in Anopheles gambiae s.l. population of DRC.Methods: pre-imaginal stages of An. gambiae s.l. were collected and standard WHO bioassays were performed on adult An.gambiae s.l. reared in the laboratory from larvae collected from different sites in the study area. The bioassays with the synergist PBO were also performed to determine the likely implication of oxydases in the resistance. The alleles of knock down resistance (Kdr) gene and species of anopheles were determined by PCR-RLFP.Results: all Anopheles mosquitoes tested belonged to the Anopheles gambiae complex. An. gambiae (69.6%) was predominant, followed by An. coluzzii (25.6%) and (4.8%) hybrids (An. gambiae/ An. coluzzii). Bioassays showed phenotypic resistance to the main insecticides used in the region, notably pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin) and organochlorine (DDT). Only bendiocarb caused 100% mortality. Metabolic resistance involving oxidase enzymes was also detected using the synergist PBO after exposure to deltamethrin. The L1014F allele frequency of Kdr gene was detected in samples collected from all sites at varying frequencies (0.61-1.0).Conclusion: this study brings additional information on malaria vectors resistance to insecticides. It has shown cross-resistance to DDT and pyrethroids as well as the presence of Kdr gene. PBO significantly improved the effectiveness of deltamethrin. The results of this study can be helpful to policy makers in decision making for vector control programmes in the region.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/37/79/pdf/79.pdf; https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/407b8f7eb0c14b6ca01c31924b481178

المؤلفون: Lee Worden, Rae Wannier, Nicole A Hoff, Kamy Musene, Bernice Selo, Mathias Mossoko, Emile Okitolonda-Wemakoy, Jean Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, George W Rutherford, Thomas M Lietman, Anne W Rimoin, Travis C Porco, J Daniel Kelly

المصدر: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 13, Iss 8, p e0007512 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: BackgroundAs of February 25, 2019, 875 cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD) were reported in North Kivu and Ituri Provinces, Democratic Republic of Congo. Since the beginning of October 2018, the outbreak has largely shifted into regions in which active armed conflict has occurred, and in which EVD cases and their contacts have been difficult for health workers to reach. We used available data on the current outbreak, with case-count time series from prior outbreaks, to project the short-term and long-term course of the outbreak.MethodsFor short- and long-term projections, we modeled Ebola virus transmission using a stochastic branching process that assumes gradually quenching transmission rates estimated from past EVD outbreaks, with outbreak trajectories conditioned on agreement with the course of the current outbreak, and with multiple levels of vaccination coverage. We used two regression models to estimate similar projection periods. Short- and long-term projections were estimated using negative binomial autoregression and Theil-Sen regression, respectively. We also used Gott's rule to estimate a baseline minimum-information projection. We then constructed an ensemble of forecasts to be compared and recorded for future evaluation against final outcomes. From August 20, 2018 to February 25, 2019, short-term model projections were validated against known case counts.ResultsDuring validation of short-term projections, from one week to four weeks, we found models consistently scored higher on shorter-term forecasts. Based on case counts as of February 25, the stochastic model projected a median case count of 933 cases by February 18 (95% prediction interval: 872-1054) and 955 cases by March 4 (95% prediction interval: 874-1105), while the auto-regression model projects median case counts of 889 (95% prediction interval: 876-933) and 898 (95% prediction interval: 877-983) cases for those dates, respectively. Projected median final counts range from 953 to 1,749. Although the outbreak is already larger than all past Ebola outbreaks other than the 2013-2016 outbreak of over 26,000 cases, our models do not project that it is likely to grow to that scale. The stochastic model estimates that vaccination coverage in this outbreak is lower than reported in its trial setting in Sierra Leone.ConclusionsOur projections are concentrated in a range up to about 300 cases beyond those already reported. While a catastrophic outbreak is not projected, it is not ruled out, and prevention and vigilance are warranted. Prospective validation of our models in real time allowed us to generate more accurate short-term forecasts, and this process may prove useful for future real-time short-term forecasting. We estimate that transmission rates are higher than would be seen under target levels of 62% coverage due to contact tracing and vaccination, and this model estimate may offer a surrogate indicator for the outbreak response challenges.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727; https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/7d0a29cdeb21499e84be1bae5ed5ba5a

المؤلفون: Vivian H Alfonso, Anna Bratcher, Hayley Ashbaugh, Reena Doshi, Adva Gadoth, Nicole Hoff, Patrick Mukadi, Angie Ghanem, Alvan Cheng, Sue Gerber, Guillaume Ngoie Mwamba, Jean Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Emile Okitolonda Wemakoy, Anne W Rimoin

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 14, Iss 5, p e0217426 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Despite increased vaccination rates, the burden, morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine preventable diseases remains high. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), potentially unreliable data and geographically varied program provision call for a better understanding of vaccination coverage and its changes over time at the country and province level. To assess changes in the proportion of children who were fully vaccinated over time in the DRC, vaccination histories for children 12-59 months of age were obtained from both the 2007 and 2013-2014 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Changes were assessed, both at the country- and province-levels, to identify potential geographic variations. Vaccination coverage improved 70% between the DHS waves: 26% compared to 44% of 12-59 month-old children met full vaccination criteria in 2007 and 2013-2014, respectively (n2007 = 3032 and n2013-14 = 6619). Similarly, there was an overall trend across both DHS waves where as year of birth increased, so did vaccination coverage. There was geographic variation in immunization changes with most central and eastern provinces increasing in coverage and most northern, western and southern provinces having decreased vaccination coverage at the second time point. Using nationally representative data, we identified significant changes over time in vaccination coverage which may help to inform future policy, interventions and research to improve vaccination rates among children in the DRC. This study is the first of its kind for the population of DRC and provides an important initial step towards better understanding trends in vaccination coverage over time.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/fc406e2f131443118d7f45b4619cc704

المؤلفون: Albert Lukuka Kilauzi, Jose Gaby Tshikuka Mulumba, Mgaywa Gilbert Mjungu Damas Magafu, Reginald Matchaba-Hove, Roy Tapera, Naoko Shimizu Magafu, Jean Jacques Muyembe Tamfum

المصدر: The Pan African Medical Journal, Vol 22, Iss 304 (2015)

مصطلحات موضوعية: malaria, agpf(hrp-2/pldh) rdt, artemisinin combination therapy, drc, Medicine

الوصف: INTRODUCTION: the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) is a worrying development. It calls for close surveillance to monitor the efficacy of the drugs. The objectives of this study were to determine the performance of SD Bioline malaria AgPf(HRP-2/pLDH) 3 band Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) against Giemsa-stained blood smear and evaluate the suitability of this test in assessing therapeutic efficacy of ACT in pediatric malaria patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). METHODS: five hundred and one patients with malaria symptoms were screened for P. Falciparum in Kinshasa, DRC. Of the 166 patients who tested positive for P. Falciparum at recruitment (day 0), 103 consented to participate in this study and were followed up and retested for P. Falciparum on day 3, day 7, day 14, day 21 and day 28. RESULTS: sensitivity and specificity of the test were significantly high on day 0 and so were their positive and negative predictive values. Higher proportions of false positive cases were observed on the HRP-2 band irrespective of patient parasite densities during the follow up but these were barely seen on the pLDH band. Some patients turned positive during follow up but pLDH readings remained consistent with blood smear readings. CONCLUSION: SD Bioline malaria AgPf(HRP-2/pLDH) RDT demonstrated high performance in DRC. Thus, the test can be employed to assess the efficacy of ACT in pediatric malaria patients and prioritize areas that require the deployment of advanced testing like polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.panafrican-med-journal.com/content/article/22/304/pdf/304.pdf; https://doaj.org/toc/1937-8688

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/d5f4fba277174f7d88f22c94ce15134e

المؤلفون: Lindsey Kjaldgaard, Kasereka Masumbuko Claude, Daniel Mukadi-Bamuleka, Richard Kitenge-Omasumbu, Devika Dixit, François Edidi-Atani, Meris Matondo Kuamfumu, Junior Bulabula-Penge, Fabrice Mambu-Mbika, Olivier Tshiani-Mbaya, Janet Diaz, Sabue Mulangu, Anais Legand, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Pierre Formenty, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Michael T. Hawkes

المصدر: EClinicalMedicine, Vol 53, Iss , Pp 101638- (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Ebolavirus disease, Child, Viral load, Mortality, Medicine (General), R5-920

الوصف: Summary: Background: A paucity of data is available on virologic and biochemical characteristics of paediatric Ebolavirus disease (EVD), compared to adults. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of children (7.6 log10copies/mL, alanine transaminase >525 U/L, C-reactive protein >100 mg/L, blood urea nitrogen >7.5 mmol/L, rhabdomyolysis, and.acute kidney injury. Interpretation: Paediatric EVD patients, like adults, experience multiorgan dysfunction with life-threatening electrolyte imbalances, hypoglycaemia, kidney injury, liver injury, and rhabdomyolysis. Paediatric patients have significantly higher VLs throughout the course of EVD than adults. Funding: This study was not funded.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589537022003686; https://doaj.org/toc/2589-5370

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/cac8e90131de4e13ba663a81f3fec770

المؤلفون: Sophie Gryseels, Placide Mbala-Kingebeni, Innocent Akonda, Roger Angoyo, Ahidjo Ayouba, Pascal Baelo, Daniel Bamuleka Mukadi, Elie Bugentho, Trenton Bushmaker, Christelle Butel, Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer, Eric Delaporte, Birgit De Smet, Ariane Düx, François Edidi-Atani, Robert Fischer, Corneille Kahandi, Jimmy Kapetshi, Servet Kimbonza Sumba, Léonce Kouadio, André Malekani Bendeke, Claude Mande, Guy Midingi Sepolo, Joseph Moudindo, Eitel Mpoudi Ngole, Prescott Musaba, Patrick Mutombo, Innocent Ndong Bass, Casimir Nebesse, Steve Ngoy, Simon-Pierre Ndimbo Kumogo, Stephanie N. Seifert, Jacques Tanzito, Dudu Akaibe, Nicaise Amundala, Kevin K. Ariën, Guy-Crispin Gembu, Fabian H. Leendertz, Herwig Leirs, Jean-Claude Mukinzi, Vincent Munster, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Martine Peeters, Erik Verheyen, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke

المصدر: Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 26, Iss 9, Pp 2205-2209 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Ebola virus, ecology, infectious disease reservoir, mammals, zoonoses, viruses, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216

الوصف: After the 2017 Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in Likati, a district in northern Democratic Republic of the Congo, we sampled small mammals from the location where the primary case-patient presumably acquired the infection. None tested positive for EBOV RNA or antibodies against EBOV, highlighting the ongoing challenge in detecting animal reservoirs for EBOV.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/9/19-1552_article; https://doaj.org/toc/1080-6040; https://doaj.org/toc/1080-6059

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/ec34b291cc8b46119e4b685345ba761e

المؤلفون: Anna Bratcher, Nicole A Hoff, Reena H Doshi, Adva Gadoth, Megan Halbrook, Patrick Mukadi, Kamy Musene, Benoit Ilunga-Kebela, D'Andre Spencer, Matthew S Bramble, David McIlwan, J Daniel Kelly, Daniel Mukadi, Placide Mbala Kingebeni, Steve Ahuka, Emile Okitolonda-Wemakoy, Jean-Jacques Muyembe-Tamfum, Anne W Rimoin

المصدر: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 8, p e0009566 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: BackgroundEbola virus (EBOV) is a zoonotic filovirus spread through exposure to infected bodily fluids of a human or animal. Though EBOV is capable of causing severe disease, referred to as Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), individuals who have never been diagnosed with confirmed, probable or suspected EVD can have detectable EBOV antigen-specific antibodies in their blood. This study aims to identify risk factors associated with detectable antibody levels in the absence of an EVD diagnosis.MethodologyData was collected from September 2015 to August 2017 from 1,366 consenting individuals across four study sites in the DRC (Boende, Kabondo-Dianda, Kikwit, and Yambuku). Seroreactivity was determined to EBOV GP IgG using Zaire Ebola Virus Glycoprotein (EBOV GP antigen) ELISA kits (Alpha Diagnostic International, Inc.) in Kinshasa, DRC; any result above 4.7 units/mL was considered seroreactive. Among the respondents, 113 (8.3%) were considered seroreactive. Several zoonotic exposures were associated with EBOV seroreactivity after controlling for age, sex, healthcare worker status, location, and history of contact with an EVD case, namely: ever having contact with bats, ever having contact with rodents, and ever eating non-human primate meat. Contact with monkeys or non-human primates was not associated with seroreactivity.ConclusionsThis analysis suggests that some zoonotic exposures that have been linked to EVD outbreaks can also be associated with EBOV GP seroreactivity in the absence of diagnosed EVD. Future investigations should seek to clarify the relationships between zoonotic exposures, seroreactivity, asymptomatic infection, and EVD.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727; https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/871d5746511a4940b0221940a83b5424

المؤلفون: Alexis Robert, Anton Camacho, W. John Edmunds, Marc Baguelin, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Alicia Rosello, Sakoba Kéïta, Rosalind M. Eggo

المصدر: Epidemics, Vol 27, Iss , Pp 106-114 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216

الوصف: Background: Health care workers (HCW) are at risk of infection during Ebola virus disease outbreaks and therefore may be targeted for vaccination before or during outbreaks. The effect of these strategies depends on the role of HCW in transmission which is understudied. Methods: To evaluate the effect of HCW-targeted or community vaccination strategies, we used a transmission model to explore the relative contribution of HCW and the community to transmission. We calibrated the model to data from multiple Ebola outbreaks. We quantified the impact of ahead-of-time HCW-targeted strategies, and reactive HCW and community vaccination. Results: We found that for some outbreaks (we call “type 1″) HCW amplified transmission both to other HCW and the community, and in these outbreaks prophylactic vaccination of HCW decreased outbreak size. Reactive vaccination strategies had little effect because type 1 outbreaks ended quickly. However, in outbreaks with longer time courses (“type 2 outbreaks”), reactive community vaccination decreased the number of cases, with or without prophylactic HCW-targeted vaccination. For both outbreak types, we found that ahead-of-time HCW-targeted strategies had an impact at coverage of 30%. Conclusions: The vaccine strategies tested had a different impact depending on the transmission dynamics and previous control measures. Although we will not know the characteristics of a new outbreak, ahead-of-time HCW-targeted vaccination can decrease the total outbreak size, even at low vaccine coverage. Keywords: Ebola, Vaccination, Health care workers, Outbreak control, Public health

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755436518301695; https://doaj.org/toc/1755-4365

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/882ac244e41e482782f29f8a796cd429

المؤلفون: Helene M. De Nys, Placide Mbala Kingebeni, Alpha K. Keita, Christelle Butel, Guillaume Thaurignac, Christian-Julian Villabona-Arenas, Thomas Lemarcis, Mare Geraerts, Nicole Vidal, Amandine Esteban, Mathieu Bourgarel, François Roger, Fabian Leendertz, Ramadan Diallo, Simon-Pierre Ndimbo-Kumugo, Justus Nsio-Mbeta, Nikki Tagg, Lamine Koivogui, Abdoulaye Toure, Eric Delaporte, Steve Ahuka-Mundeke, Jean-Jacques Muyembe Tamfum, Eitel Mpoudi-Ngole, Ahidjo Ayouba, Martine Peeters

المصدر: Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 24, Iss 12, Pp 2228-2240 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Ebola, bats, Africa, Guinea, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216

الوصف: To clarify the role of bats in the ecology of Ebola viruses, we assessed the prevalence of Ebola virus antibodies in a large-scale sample of bats collected during 2015–2017 from countries in Africa that have had previous Ebola outbreaks (Guinea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo) or are at high risk for outbreaks (Cameroon). We analyzed 4,022 blood samples of bats from >12 frugivorous and 27 insectivorous species; 2–37 (0.05%–0.92%) bats were seropositive for Zaire and 0–30 (0%–0.75%) bats for Sudan Ebola viruses. We observed Ebola virus antibodies in 1 insectivorous bat genus and 6 frugivorous bat species. Certain bat species widespread across Africa had serologic evidence of Zaire and Sudan Ebola viruses. No viral RNA was detected in the subset of samples tested (n = 665). Ongoing surveillance of bats and other potential animal reservoirs are required to predict and prepare for future outbreaks.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/12/18-0740_article; https://doaj.org/toc/1080-6040; https://doaj.org/toc/1080-6059

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/87baf5147a4d4d8fa0379c7227bf4c01