المؤلفون: Sudhasini Panda, Jeffrey Morgan, Catherine Cheng, Mayuko Saito, Robert H. Gilman, Nelly Ciobanu, Valeriu Crudu, Donald G. Catanzaro, Antonino Catanzaro, Timothy Rodwell, Judy S. B. Perera, Teshan Chathuranga, Bandu Gunasena, Aruna D. DeSilva, Bjoern Peters, Alessandro Sette, Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn

المصدر: Nature Communications, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Science

الوصف: Abstract There is still incomplete knowledge of which Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens can trigger distinct T cell responses at different stages of infection. Here, a proteome-wide screen of 20,610 Mtb-derived peptides in 21 patients mid-treatment for active tuberculosis (ATB) reveals IFNγ-specific T cell responses against 137 unique epitopes. Of these, 16% are recognized by two or more participants and predominantly derived from cell wall and cell processes antigens. There is differential recognition of antigens, including TB vaccine candidate antigens, between ATB participants and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA + /−) individuals. We developed an ATB-specific peptide pool (ATB116) consisting of epitopes exclusively recognized by ATB participants. This pool can distinguish patients with pulmonary ATB from IGRA + /− individuals from various geographical locations, with a sensitivity of over 60% and a specificity exceeding 80%. This proteome-wide screen of T cell reactivity identified infection stage-specific epitopes and antigens for potential use in diagnostics and measuring Mtb-specific immune responses.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2041-1723

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/e988ebdad996476e8dbd91d75bc16235

المؤلفون: Jenna van Draanen, Jonah Hamilton, Jeffrey Morgan, Scott Maxwell, Tara Taylor, Lindsey Richardson, Seonaid Nolan

المصدر: Harm Reduction Journal, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Supervised inhalation site, Supervised consumption site, Overdose prevention, Poisoning, Harm reduction, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: Abstract Background The potential public health benefits of supervised smoking facilities (SSFs) are considerable, and yet implementation of SSFs in North America has been slow. We conducted this study to respond to significant knowledge gaps surrounding SSF utilization and to characterize substance use, harm reduction practices, and service utilization following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A questionnaire was self-administered at a single site by 175 clients using an outdoor SSF in Vancouver, Canada, between October–December 2020. Questionnaire responses were summarized using descriptive statistics. Multinomial logistic regression techniques were used to examine factors associated with increased SSF utilization. Results Almost all respondents reported daily substance use (93% daily use of opioids; 74% stimulants). Most used opioids (85%) and/or methamphetamine (66%) on the day of their visit to the SSF. Respondents reported drug use practice changes at the onset of COVID-19 to reduce harm, including using supervised consumption sites, not sharing equipment, accessing medically prescribed alternatives, cleaning supplies and surfaces, and stocking up on harm reduction supplies. Importantly, 45% of SSF clients reported using the SSF more often since the start of COVID-19 with 65.2% reporting daily use of the site. Increased substance use was associated with increased use of the SSF, after controlling for covariates. Conclusions Clients of the SSF reported increasing not only their substance use, but also their SSF utilization and harm reduction practices following the onset of COVID-19. Increased scope and scale of SSF services to meet these needs are necessary.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1477-7517

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/41d0086616444172b30af617d229693e

المؤلفون: Jeffrey Morgan, Scott D. Neufeld, Heather Holroyd, Jean Ruiz, Tara Taylor, Seonaid Nolan, Stephanie Glegg

المصدر: Harm Reduction Journal, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Research ethics, Community-based participatory research, Harm reduction, People who use drugs, Rresearch ethics pedagogy, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: Abstract Background Community-based participatory research (CBPR) can directly involve non-academic community members in the research process. Existing resources for research ethics training can be inaccessible to team members without an academic background and do not attend to the full spectrum of ethical issues that arise through community-engaged research practices. We detail an approach to capacity building and training in research ethics in the context of CBPR with people who use(d) illicit drugs and harm reduction workers in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside neighborhood. Methods A project team comprised of academic and community experts in CBPR, research ethics, and harm reduction met over five months to develop the Community-Engaged Research Ethics Training (CERET). The group distilled key principles and content from federal research ethics guidelines in Canada, and developed case examples to situate the principles in the context of research with people who use(d) illicit drugs and harm reduction workers. In addition to content related to federal ethics guidelines, the study team integrated additional content related to ethical issues that arise through community-based research, and ethical principles for research in the Downtown Eastside. Workshops were evaluated using a pre-post questionnaire with attendees. Results Over the course of six weeks in January–February 2020, we delivered three in-person workshops for twelve attendees, most of whom were onboarding as peer research assistants with a community-based research project. Workshops were structured around key principles of research ethics: respect for persons, concern for welfare, and justice. The discussion-based format we deployed allowed for the bi-directional exchange of information between facilitators and attendees. Evaluation results suggest the CERET approach was effective, and attendees gained confidence and familiarity with workshop content across learning objectives. Conclusions The CERET initiative offers an accessible approach to fulfill institutional requirements while building capacity in research ethics for people who use(d) drugs and harm reduction workers. This approach recognizes community members as partners in ethical decision making throughout the research process and is aligned with values of CBPR. Building capacity around intrinsic and extrinsic dimensions of research ethics can prepare all study team members to attend to ethical issues that arise from CBPR.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1477-7517

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/7a070bc8084a48709921fc54042ec7c7

المؤلفون: Joshua S. Woodworth, Helena Strand Clemmensen, Hannah Battey, Karin Dijkman, Thomas Lindenstrøm, Raquel Salvador Laureano, Randy Taplitz, Jeffrey Morgan, Claus Aagaard, Ida Rosenkrands, Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn, Peter Andersen, Rasmus Mortensen

المصدر: Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Science

الوصف: Tuberculosis (TB) subunit vaccines have been investigated as boosters for BCG-induced immunity. Here, the authors design a TB subunit vaccine that doesn't share antigens with BCG and show that co-administration of the two vaccines broadens the T cell response to TB and increases protection.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2041-1723

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/e8cde506edf04ab4beac2a4d5130dcb7

المؤلفون: Kimberlyn McGrail, Jeffrey Morgan, Arjumand Siddiqi

المصدر: The Lancet Regional Health. Americas, Vol 9, Iss , Pp 100232- (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: COVID-19, Health equity, Health inequality, Health policy, Social determinants of health, Structural determinants of health, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270

الوصف: Summary: We will likely look back on 2020 as a turning point. The pandemic put a spotlight on existing societal issues, accelerated the pace of change in others, and created some new ones too. For example, concerns about inequalities in health by income and race are not new, but they became more apparent to a larger number of people during 2020. The speed and starkness of broadening societal conversation, including beyond the direct effects of COVID-19, create an opportunity and motivation to reassess our understanding of health. Perhaps more importantly, it is an opportunity to reduce inequities in who has access to, who uses, and who benefits from the resources that promote health and well-being. To this end, we offer three questions to guide thinking about health and health inequities after 2020: (1) what do we mean by “health” and “health inequality and inequity”? (2) what are the structures and policies we put in place to support or promote health, and how effective are they? And (3) who has the power to shape structures and policies, and whose interests do those structures and policies serve?

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667193X22000497; https://doaj.org/toc/2667-193X

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/3fd39f5ccf5846889b5466aaa5b36f0b

المؤلفون: Beth Stuart, Hilda Hounkpatin, Hajira Dambha-Miller, Sam Hodgson, Jeffrey Morgan-Harrisskitt

المصدر: BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss 1 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/1/e054654.full; https://doaj.org/toc/2044-6055

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/056d376bf8604865aea3ec601837797d

المؤلفون: Francois Berthiaume, Jeffrey Morgan

المؤلفون: Travis Salway, Stephen Juwono, Ben Klassen, Olivier Ferlatte, Aidan Ablona, Harlan Pruden, Jeffrey Morgan, Michael Kwag, Kiffer Card, Rod Knight, Nathan J Lachowsky

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e0252539 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Background"Conversion therapy" practices (CTP) are organized and sustained efforts to avoid the adoption of non-heterosexual sexual orientations and/or of gender identities not assigned at birth. Few data are available to inform the contemporary prevalence of CTP. The aim of this study is to quantify the prevalence of CTP among Canadian sexual and gender minority men, including details regarding the setting, age of initiation, and duration of CTP exposure.MethodsSexual and gender minority men, including transmen and non-binary individuals, aged ≥ 15, living in Canada were recruited via social media and networking applications and websites, November 2019-February 2020. Participants provided demographic data and detailed information about their experiences with CTP.Results21% of respondents (N = 9,214) indicated that they or any person with authority (e.g., parent, caregiver) ever tried to change their sexual orientation or gender identity, and 10% had experienced CTP. CTP experience was highest among non-binary (20%) and transgender respondents (19%), those aged 15-19 years (13%), immigrants (15%), and racial/ethnic minorities (11-22%, with variability by identity). Among the n = 910 participants who experienced CTP, most experienced CTP in religious/faith-based settings (67%) or licensed healthcare provider offices (20%). 72% of those who experienced CTP first attended before the age of 20 years, 24% attended for one year or longer, and 31% attended more than five sessions.InterpretationCTP remains prevalent in Canada and is most prevalent among younger cohorts, transgender people, immigrants, and racial/ethnic minorities. Legislation, policy, and education are needed that target both religious and healthcare settings.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/cd7178dad21c47c4ada44125518f2bb1

المؤلفون: Jeffrey Morgan

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::0a974fa4cdbfb177dfdac57bba03d17b
https://doi.org/10.32388/wk432k

المؤلفون: Kieron Smith, Jon Anderson, Kirsti Bohata, Jeffrey Morgan

المصدر: Island Studies Journal, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 317-328 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: bardsey island, fflur dafydd, island studies, literary geography, novel, queer space, twenty thousand saints, wales, Physical geography, GB3-5030

الوصف: This article examines the ways in which Fflur Dafydd’s 2008 novel Twenty Thousand Saints negotiates notions of the island space in a post-devolution Welsh context. It argues that the novel is a rich site in the analysis of the literary dimension of what Baldacchino describes as the “island-mainland [...] dialectic” (Baldacchino, 2006, p. 10). Set on Bardsey, a real small island off the coast of north Wales, the novel employs a multiple-character narrative to explore and critique the various ways in which Bardsey has been constructed in the Welsh cultural imagination. In particular, the novel explores the idea of the island as a queer space. It does so in a way that posits Bardsey in dialectical relation to an ongoing, politically dynamic Welsh mainland. The article suggests that the novel can be read as a mainland appropriation of the island in the post-devolution era. Yet this is simultaneously an enabling imaginative act that confirms the power of literature to create new imaginative geographies.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1715-2593

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/c078d3253b224396918b78a168324800