المؤلفون: Shunan Feng, Adrien Wehrlé, Joseph Mitchell Cook, Alexandre Magno Anesio, Jason Eric Box, Liane G. Benning, Martyn Tranter

المصدر: Science of Remote Sensing, Vol 9, Iss , Pp 100116- (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Orbit drift, MODIS, Albedo, Greenland ice sheet, Time series, Google Earth Engine, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Science

الوصف: The NASA MODIS MOD10A1 snow albedo product has enabled numerous glaciological applications. The temporal consistency of MODIS albedo is critical to obtaining reliable results from this 22-year time series. The orbit of Terra began to drift toward earlier acquisition times after the final inclination adjustment maneuver to maintain its nominal orbit by NASA on 27 February 2020, which may introduce biases that compromise the accuracy of quantitative time series analysis as the drift continues. Here, we evaluate the impact of Terra's orbital drift by comparing the differences between the Terra MODIS albedo and albedo products derived from Aqua MODIS, harmonized Landsat and Sentinel 2, Sentinel 3, and PROMICE (Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet) ground measurements over the Greenland ice sheet. Our results suggest that the influence of orbital drift on albedo is small (+0.01 in 2020), but potentially biased for time series analysis. Our analysis also finds that the drift effect that causes earlier image acquisition time may lead to more apparently cloudy pixels and thus effectively reduce the Terra MODIS temporal resolution over Greenland.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266601722300041X; https://doaj.org/toc/2666-0172

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/014a27004f6b4fa189315b2cc799f00c

المؤلفون: Shunan Feng, Joseph Mitchell Cook, Alexandre Magno Anesio, Liane G. Benning, Martyn Tranter

المصدر: Journal of Glaciology, Vol 69, Pp 1225-1240 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Arctic glaciology, albedo, data harmonization, snow/ice surface processes, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999

الوصف: Albedo is a key factor in modulating the absorption of solar radiation on ice surfaces. Satellite measurements have shown a general reduction in albedo across the Greenland ice sheet over the past few decades, particularly along the western margin of the ice sheet, a region known as the Dark Zone (albedo < 0.45). Here we chose a combination of Landsat 4–8 and Sentinel 2 imagery to enable us to derive the longest record of albedo variations in the Dark Zone, running from 1984 to 2020. We developed a simple, pragmatic and efficient sensor transformation to provide a long time series of consistent, harmonized satellite imagery. Narrow to broadband conversion algorithms were developed from regression models of harmonized satellite data and in situ albedo from the Program for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) automatic weather stations. The albedo derived from the harmonized Landsat and Sentinel 2 data shows that the maximum extent of the Dark Zone expanded rapidly between 2005 and 2007, increasing to ~280% of the average annual maximum extent of 2900 km2 to ~8000 km2 since. The Dark Zone is continuing to darken slowly, with the average annual minimum albedo decreasing at a rate of $\sim \!-0.0006 \pm 0.0004 \, {\rm a}^{-1}$ (p = 0.16, 2001–2020).

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143023000114/type/journal_article; https://doaj.org/toc/0022-1430; https://doaj.org/toc/1727-5652

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/f56ee0aac378482f9eea6a14b3b2e8c8

المؤلفون: Shunan Feng, Joseph Mitchell Cook, Kathrin Naegeli, Alexandre Magno Anesio, Liane G. Benning, Martyn Tranter

المصدر: Geophysical Research Letters, Vol 51, Iss 1, Pp n/a-n/a (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: topography, albedo, snow‐free duration, Greenland Ice Sheet, dark ice, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809

الوصف: Abstract Dark (low albedo) surface ice on the Greenland Ice Sheet enhances melting and subsequent runoff, a major mass loss contributor during the ablation season. The accumulation of both biological (e.g., glacier ice algae) and abiotic (e.g., mineral dust) light‐absorbing particulates are important darkening factors, that are potentially influenced by the duration of snow‐free, bare ice (a phenological factor), and other geo‐topographical factors such as elevation, slope, aspect and the distance from the ice margin. Here, we present the first medium‐resolution (30 m) analysis of the phenological and geo‐topographical controls on the distribution of dark ice in SE and SW Greenland from statistical analysis of data derived from a harmonized satellite albedo product and ArcticDEM. The duration of bare ice primarily controls the distribution of dark surface ice, allowing for algae growth on inland ice surfaces in particular, whereas geo‐topographical factors are only secondary controls.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/0094-8276; https://doaj.org/toc/1944-8007

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/7bf93bf974ce4ac58eab01cc4fdace9c

المؤلفون: Joseph Mitchell, Manju Purohit, Chris P. Jewell, Jonathan M. Read, Gaetano Marrone, Vishal Diwan, Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg

المصدر: Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Abstract Bacterial antibiotic resistance is an important global health threat and the interfaces of antibiotic resistance between humans, animals and the environment are complex. We aimed to determine the associations and overtime trends of antibiotic resistance between humans, animals and water sources from the same area and time and estimate attribution of the other sources to cases of human antibiotic resistance. A total of 125 children (aged 1–3 years old) had stool samples analysed for antibiotic-resistant bacteria at seven time points over two years, with simultaneous collection of samples of animal stools and water sources in a rural Indian community. Newey–West regression models were used to calculate temporal associations, the source with the most statistically significant relationships was household drinking water. This is supported by use of SourceR attribution modelling, that estimated the mean attribution of cases of antibiotic resistance in the children from animals, household drinking water and wastewater, at each time point and location, to be 12.6% (95% CI 4.4–20.9%), 12.1% (CI 3.4–20.7%) and 10.3% (CI 3.2–17.3%) respectively. This underlines the importance of the ‘one health’ concept and requires further research. Also, most of the significant trends over time were negative, suggesting a possible generalised improvement locally.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/7331094b886f4ede9f6fde2251bebed7

المؤلفون: Eraina Schauss, Kiersten Hawes, Sydnie Roberts, Joseph Mitchell Clayton, Chi Li, Alexandria Littlejohn, Debra Bartelli, Regan Williams, Mitch Clayton

المصدر: Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open, Vol 7, Iss 1 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Surgery, RD1-811, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9

الوصف: Objective Pediatric patients can be significantly impacted emotionally by exposure to acute trauma which may negatively impact long-term functioning and lead to an increase in overall distress. This study reports on the incidence of acute stress disorder among pediatric trauma patients in a hospital setting in the southeastern region of the USA.Methods Pediatric patient mental health assessments were conducted using the Childhood Stress Disorders Checklist- Short Form (CSDC-SF) as part of a new integrated behavioral health standard of care within the Trauma Services Division of a level 1 pediatric hospital. Mental health consultations occurred at bedside on inpatient hospital admission into trauma services, or at the outpatient hospital clinic after discharge for injuries treated in the emergency department.Results Associations among type of trauma, child age, and sex were explored in a sample of 617 children (58.9% male) aged 2–18 years (Mage=10.27). The sample was primarily ethnic minorities (56.1% black/African-American, 5% Hispanic/Latinx). Fifteen per cent or more of trauma reports were for burns (26%), motor vehicle accident (22.7%), and recreational sports or leisure activity-related injury (17.5%). Sixty-four per cent of children scored ≥1 on the CSDC-SF, indicating symptoms consistent with acute stress disorder. Higher scores were associated with female sex, age, and injury type.Level of evidence Level IV study provides evidence of the link between traumatic injury and mental health symptoms in a pediatric population. Findings highlight the critical need for mental health screening and provision of integrated mental health counseling services at time of acute pediatric trauma.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://tsaco.bmj.com/content/7/1/e000946.full; https://doaj.org/toc/2397-5776

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/c271253d29834167823ded2ab1a11908

المؤلفون: Annette Rudolph, Joseph Mitchell, Jim Barrett, Helena Sköld, Henric Taavola, Nils Erlanson, Carlos Melgarejo-González, Qun-Ying Yue

المصدر: Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety, Vol 13 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950

الوصف: Pharmacovigilance (PV) came suddenly into the spotlight when several new vaccines, developed as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, received emergency authorisation and were rolled out on a large scale in late 2020. The vaccines underwent stringent clinical trials and evaluation from regulatory authorities, but with the use of novel technology and an anticipated rapid and vast deployment of the vaccines, the importance of a well-functioning international post marketing safety surveillance system was stressed. International PV stakeholders were faced with several challenges due to the extent of the global vaccination campaign. The unprecedented volume of reports of suspected adverse events following immunization has led to the development and use of new tools. Furthermore, the collaboration between various PV stakeholders was encouraged and strengthened. PV rose to the challenges posed by the currently ongoing global COVID-19 vaccination campaign and successful adaptations were made in a short period of time. However, the pandemic has not ended yet, the vaccination campaign is far from being completed, and further challenges are anticipated. Advances made during the pandemic will be important to strengthen PV in future and ensure to advance medicines’ safety together. Plain Language Summary Global safety monitoring of the COVID-19 vaccines: challenges, preparations, and outlooks Pharmacovigilance (PV) is the umbrella term for all sciences and activities relating to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects relating to medicines or vaccines. PV came into the spotlight when several new vaccines were authorised and rolled out as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The anticipated extent of the global vaccine rollout stressed the importance of a well-functioning safety surveillance system and international collaborations between patients, health care workers, vaccine producers, regulatory authorities, and PV centres. The identification and communication of potential safety concerns showed that adaptations to PV processes made in a short period of time as well as international collaborations were successful. However, it is important to learn from experiences made so far and to make sure the positive advances are maintained in the future to advance medicines’ safety together.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2042-0994

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/4ff23b9f497948e7a481a44c1b00150f

المؤلفون: Joseph Mitchell, Qun-Ying Yue

المصدر: Vaccine: X, Vol 9, Iss , Pp 100122- (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: COVID-19 vaccine, Appendicitis, Safety signal, Pharmacovigilance, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607

الوصف: This study reviewed cases of appendicitis following administration of COVID-19 vaccines reported to VigiBase, the WHO database of individual case safety reports (ICSRs). Three hundred fifty-eight cases were identified, and disproportionate reporting was noted, with 329 calculated expected cases. Upon review, 24 ICSRs were excluded, so 334 unique ICSRs underwent clinical review from 19 countries. Forty-eight percent of ICSRs reported imaging and 69% noted surgical intervention. The cases were clinically coherent, with an apparent increase in reporting in the four days post-vaccination and a possible dose–response relationship. Appendicitis has been suggested as an adverse event of special interest post-vaccination against COVID-19 after a numerical increase in the vaccine arm of a clinical trial. The case series may be affected by differences in global patterns of reporting, and it is not possible to prove nor disprove causality from this case series. Global longitudinal studies are required to clarify any possible relationship.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590136221000395; https://doaj.org/toc/2590-1362

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/06da8d0558d44b9db86f852c50d4321c

المؤلفون: Sverrir I. Gunnarsson, Joseph Mitchell, Mary S. Busch, Brenda Larson, S. Michael Gharacholou, Zhanhai Li, Amish N. Raval

المصدر: Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, Vol 6, Iss 2 (2017)

مصطلحات موضوعية: acute myocardial infarction, outcome, percutaneous coronary intervention, ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction, treatment, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701

الوصف: BackgroundThe effect of physician‐staffed helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS) on ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patient transfer is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of physician‐staffed HEMS (Physician‐HEMS) versus non‐physician‐staffed (Standard‐HEMS) in patients with STEMI. Methods and ResultsWe studied 398 STEMI patients transferred by either Physician‐HEMS (n=327) or Standard‐HEMS (n=71) for primary or rescue percutaneous coronary intervention at 2 hospitals between 2006 and 2014. Data were collected from electronic medical records and each institution's contribution to the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Median electrocardiogram‐to‐balloon time was longer for the Standard‐HEMS group than for the Physician‐HEMS group (118 vs 107 minutes; P=0.002). The Standard‐HEMS group was more likely than the Physician‐HEMS group to receive nitroglycerin (37% vs 15%; P

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2047-9980

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/6c7c9b404f4e4bdf896920f817346315

المؤلفون: Feng, Shunan, Wehrlé, Adrien, Cook, Joseph Mitchell, Anesio, Alexandre Magno, Box, Jason Eric, Benning, Liane G., Tranter, Martyn

المصدر: In Science of Remote Sensing June 2024 9

لا يتم عرض هذه النتيجة على الضيوف.
تسجيل الدخول للوصول الكامل.