المؤلفون: Saaritsa, Sakari, Kaihovaara, Antti

المصدر: Cliometrica: Journal of Historical Economics and Econometric History. January 2016 10(1):55-98

المؤلفون: Pirjo Kaihovaara

المصدر: Ennen ja Nyt: Historian Tietosanomat, Iss 1 (2015)

مصطلحات موضوعية: History (General) and history of Europe, History (General), D1-2009

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://journal.fi/ennenjanyt/article/view/108617; https://doaj.org/toc/1458-1396

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/6ca6479b88474865b5f3d75c45d2c14c

المؤلفون: Ryuhei Maejima, Katsunori Iijima, Pertti Kaihovaara, Waku Hatta, Tomoyuki Koike, Akira Imatani, Tooru Shimosegawa, Mikko Salaspuro

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 4, p e0120397 (2015)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Acetaldehyde (ACH) associated with alcoholic beverages is Group 1 carcinogen to humans (IARC/WHO). Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2), a major ACH eliminating enzyme, is genetically deficient in 30-50% of Eastern Asians. In alcohol drinkers, ALDH2-deficiency is a well-known risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract cancers, i.e., head and neck cancer and esophageal cancer. However, there is only a limited evidence for stomach cancer. In this study we demonstrated for the first time that ALDH2 deficiency results in markedly increased exposure of the gastric mucosa to acetaldehyde after intragastric administration of alcohol. Our finding provides concrete evidence for a causal relationship between acetaldehyde and gastric carcinogenesis. A plausible explanation is the gastric first pass metabolism of ethanol. The gastric mucosa expresses alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde, especially at the high ethanol concentrations prevailing in the stomach after the consumption of alcoholic beverages. The gastric mucosa also possesses the acetaldehyde-eliminating ALDH2 enzyme. Due to decreased mucosal ALDH2 activity, the elimination of ethanol-derived acetaldehyde is decreased, which results in its accumulation in the gastric juice. We also demonstrate that ALDH2 deficiency, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) treatment, and L-cysteine cause independent changes in gastric juice and salivary acetaldehyde levels, indicating that intragastric acetaldehyde is locally regulated by gastric mucosal ADH and ALDH2 enzymes, and by oral microbes colonizing an achlorhydric stomach. Markedly elevated acetaldehyde levels were also found at low intragastric ethanol concentrations corresponding to the ethanol levels of many foodstuffs, beverages, and dairy products produced by fermentation. A capsule that slowly releases L-cysteine effectively eliminated acetaldehyde from the gastric juice of PPI-treated ALDH2-active and ALDH2-deficient subjects. These results provide entirely novel perspectives for the prevention of gastric cancer, especially in established risk groups.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4382225?pdf=render; https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/7f98145d7dc04a5abe35b2652d0d0153

المؤلفون: Pirjo Kaihovaara

المصدر: Ennen ja Nyt: Historian Tietosanomat, Vol 1, Iss 3 (2001)

مصطلحات موضوعية: History (General) and history of Europe, History (General), D1-2009

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://journal.fi/ennenjanyt/article/view/108109; https://doaj.org/toc/1458-1396

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/0594ed801c4c454ebda4ae13890a7058

المؤلفون: Riikka Kaihovaara

المصدر: Media & Viestintä, Vol 24, Iss 1 (2001)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Social sciences (General), H1-99, Communication. Mass media, P87-96, Journalism. The periodical press, etc., PN4699-5650

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://journal.fi/mediaviestinta/article/view/62131; https://doaj.org/toc/2342-477X

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/038185639c71475887b172e6dd70359a

المؤلفون: Kaihovaara, Antti, Im, Zhen Jie

المصدر: European Political Science Review; August 2020, Vol. 12 Issue: 3 p327-345, 19p

مستخلص: AbstractIn this paper, we study the relationship between occupational vulnerability and attitudes toward immigration in Western Europe. We measure occupational vulnerability as the risk of unemployment due to routine-biased technological change and offshoring of jobs to other countries. Previous empirical studies in political economy have shown that individuals’ policy preferences echo their economic risks and prospects. Workers in low routine occupations are most worried about their job market prospects, most likely to demand social protection and least likely to support free trade. We find that attitudes toward immigration become considerably more negative as occupational task routineness increases. We do not find a similar association between occupational offshorability and immigration attitudes. Direct exposure to global competition is not associated with increased worries about immigration. However, offshorability seems to be associated with the polarization of attitudes toward immigration between routine and nonroutine workers.

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المؤلفون: Kaihovaara, Pirjo.