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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Nicholas Kuhlman, Margaret Jones, Andrew Jagim, Mary Feit, Richard Aziz, Thomas Crabill, Jennifer Fields
المصدر: Biology of Sport, Vol 40, Iss 4, Pp 1141-1150 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: athletes, gps, soreness, workloads, internal load, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
الوصف: The purpose was to examine relationships between external loads (ELs), perceived exertion, and soreness. Collegiate men soccer players (n = 19) were monitored for 72 sessions (training: n = 53; matches: n = 19). Likert scale assessments (0–6) of lower body soreness were collected prior to each session, and ELs were collected using positional monitoring technology. Session rate of perceived exertion (sRPE-load) was calculated by multiplying perceived exertion values (Borg CR-10 Scale) by respective session duration to determine internal load. Multiple analyses of variance were used to determine differences in ELs across seasons (preseason, in-season, post-season) and sessions (training, match). Bivariate Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression analyses were used to evaluate relationships among soreness, ELs, and sRPE-load. Greatest ELs were observed during pre-season and post-season phases (p < 0.001). Sessions with high perceived exertion and low soreness were associated with higher ELs (p < 0.05). Duration (t = 16.13), total distance (t = 9.17), sprint distance (t = 7.54), player load (t = 4.22), top speed (t = 4.69), and acceleration (t = 2.02) positively predicted sRPE-load (F = 412.9, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.75). Soreness was weakly and trivially correlated with ELs (p < 0.05). The very strong relationship between ELs and sRPE-load highlights the utility of sRPE-load as a practical means to estimate workload; however, more research into the relationship between soreness and workload is warranted.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Howard Burdett, Neil Greenberg, Sharon Stevelink, Margaret Jones, Lisa Hull, Deirdre MacManus, Dominic Murphy, Nicola T Fear, Simon Wessely, Daniel Leightley, Marie-Louise Sharp, Amos Simms, Ray Leal, Sofia Franchini, Niamh Molloy, Steven Parkes
المصدر: BMJ Open, Vol 13, Iss 10 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine
الوصف: Introduction This is the fourth phase of a longitudinal cohort study (2022–2023) to investigate the health and well-being of UK serving (Regulars and Reservists) and ex-serving personnel (veterans) who served during the era of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts. The cohort was established in 2003 and has collected data over three previous phases including Phase 1 (2004–2006), Phase 2 (2007–2009) and Phase 3 (2014–2016).Methods and analysis Participants are eligible to take part if they completed the King’s Centre for Military Health Research Health and Wellbeing Cohort Study at Phase 3 (2014–2016) and consented to be recontacted (N=7608). Participants will be recruited through email, post and text message to complete an online or paper questionnaire. Data are being collected between January 2022 and September 2023. Health and well-being measures include measures used in previous phases that assess common mental disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol misuse. Other areas of interest assess employment, help-seeking and family relationships. New topics include the impact of the British withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021, complex PTSD (C-PTSD), illicit drug use, gambling and loneliness. Analyses will describe the effect size between groups deployed to Iraq and/or Afghanistan or not deployed, and those who are currently in service versus ex-service personnel, respectively, reporting prevalences with 95% CIs, and ORs with 95% CI. Multivariable logistic and multiple linear regression analyses will be conducted to assess various health and well-being outcomes and associations with risk and protective factors.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been granted by the Ministry of Defence Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 2061/MODREC/21). Participants are provided with information and agree to a series of consent statements before taking part. Findings will be disseminated to UK Armed Forces stakeholders and international research institutions through stakeholder meetings, project reports and scientific publications.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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3دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Neil Greenberg, Margaret Jones, Nicola T Fear, Charles W Hoge, Amy B Adler, Farifteh Firoozmand Duffy, Kerry Sudom, Joshua E Wilk, Lyndon A Riviere
المصدر: BMJ Open, Vol 13, Iss 5 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine
الوصف: Objectives Excessive alcohol use can bring about adverse health and work-related consequences in civilian and military populations. Screening for excessive drinking can help identify individuals at risk for alcohol-related problems who may require clinical interventions. The brief validated measures of alcohol use such as the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), or abbreviated AUDIT-Consumption (AUDIT-C), are often included in military deployment screening and epidemiologic surveys, but appropriate cut-points must be used to effectively identify individuals at risk. Although the conventional AUDIT-C cut-points ≥4 for men and ≥3 for women are commonly used, recent validation studies of veterans and civilians recommend higher cut-points to minimise misclassification and overestimation of alcohol-related problems. This study aims to ascertain optimal AUDIT-C cut-points for detecting alcohol-related problems among serving Canadian, UK and US soldiers.Design Cross-sectional pre/post-deployment survey data were used.Settings Comprised Army locations in Canada and UK, and selected US Army units.Participants Included soldiers in each of the above-mentioned settings.Outcome measures Soldiers’ AUDIT scores for hazardous and harmful alcohol use or high levels of alcohol problems served as a benchmark against which optimal sex-specific AUDIT-C cut-points were assessed.Results Across the three-nation samples, AUDIT-C cut-points of ≥6/7 for men and ≥5/6 for women performed well in detecting hazardous and harmful alcohol use and provided comparable prevalence estimates to AUDIT scores ≥8 for men and ≥7 for women. The AUDIT-C cut-point ≥8/9 for both men and women performed fair-to-good when benchmarked against AUDIT ≥16, although inflated AUDIT-C-derived prevalence estimates and low positive predictive values were observed.Conclusion This multi-national study provides valuable information regarding appropriate AUDIT-C cut-points for detecting hazardous and harmful alcohol use, and high levels of alcohol problems among soldiers. Such information can be useful for population surveillance, pre-deployment/post-deployment screening of military personnel, and clinical practice.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Zoe Chui, Daniel Leightley, Margaret Jones, Sabine Landau, Paul McCrone, Richard D Hayes, Simon Wessely, Nicola T Fear, Laura Goodwin
المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 18, Iss 1, p e0280938 (2023)
الوصف: PurposeAccidents are the most common cause of death among UK military personnel. It is a common misconception in the general public that accidental injuries are always the result of random events, however research suggests that mental health problems and the increased levels of risky behaviour in military personnel may play a role. The objective of this study was to further our understanding of injuries and deaths not related to deployment by examining the associations of mental health, alcohol misuse and smoking with inpatient admission to hospital for accidents and injuries, and attendance to accident and emergency (A&E) departments.MethodsData on all hospital admissions for accidents and injuries and A&E attendance at NHS hospitals in England, Scotland and Wales were linked to data on self-reported mental health problems, alcohol misuse and smoking from a large, representative UK military cohort of serving and ex-serving personnel (n = 8,602). Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between having a hospital admission for an accident or injury with self-reported mental health problems, alcohol misuse and smoking. Cox proportional-hazards regression was then conducted to assess the associations of mental health problems, alcohol misuse and smoking with time to hospital admission for an accident or injury. Finally, negative binomial regression was used to examine associations between the number of A&E attendances with mental health problems, alcohol misuse and smoking.ResultsPersonnel reporting symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD) or probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were more likely to have an admission to hospital for an accident or injury (fully adjusted odds ratio 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.84), than those who did not report these symptoms, and also had more attendances to A&E (fully adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.32, 95% CI 1.16-1.51). A&E attendances were also more common in personnel who were smokers (fully adjusted IRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.35) following adjustment for demographic, military and health characteristics.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that accidents and injuries among military personnel are not always random events and that there are health and behavioural factors, including poor mental health and smoking, which are associated (with small effect sizes) with an increased risk of being involved in an accident. Clinicians treating individuals attending hospital after an accident should consider their healthcare needs holistically, including issues related to mental health and health damaging behaviours.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203
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5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Deirdre MacManus, Roxanna Short, Rebecca Lane, Margaret Jones, Lisa Hull, Louise M. Howard, Nicola T. Fear
المصدر: The Lancet Regional Health. Europe, Vol 20, Iss , Pp 100448- (2022)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Intimate partner violence and abuse, UK military, Risk factors, Prevalence, Trauma, Mental health, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
الوصف: Summary: Background: Research exploring prevalence of, and factors associated with, increased risk of experiencing or perpetrating Intimate Partner Violence and Abuse (IPVA) in military communities is limited. This study aimed to describe IPVA prevalence in a military sample, explore the role of military-specific risk factors, and draw comparisons with a general population cohort. Methods: We utilised data from a sample of military personnel participating in a cohort study of the health and wellbeing of UK military personnel who reported having an intimate relationship in the previous 12 months (n = 5557). To allow for comparison with civilian populations, participants from a general population cohort study in England (n = 6075) were matched on age and sex to the military cohort (n = 8093). Findings: The 12-month prevalences of IPVA experience and perpetration in the military sample were 12.80% (95% CI 11.72–13.96%) and 9.40% (8.45–10.45%), respectively. Factors associated with both increased IPVA experience and perpetration included childhood adversity, relationship dissatisfaction, military trauma, and recent mental health and alcohol misuse problems. Compared to the civilian cohort, adjusted odds (95% CI) of IPVA experience and perpetration were higher in the military: 2.94 (2.15–4.01) and 3.41 (1.79–6.50), respectively. Interpretation: This study found higher prevalences of IPVA experience and perpetration in the military compared to the general population cohort and highlighted both non-military and military factors associated with increased risk of both. Relationship dissatisfaction, military trauma and mental health difficulties mark key areas for IPVA prevention and management efforts to target. Funding: Funded by the UK Ministry of Defence and National Institute of Health Research.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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6دورية أكاديمية
المصدر: International Journal of Strength and Conditioning, Vol 2, Iss 1 (2022)
مصطلحات موضوعية: eccentric training, augmented eccentric loading, post-activation performance enhancement, velocity based training, power, speed, Sports, GV557-1198.995, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
الوصف: Accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) employs heavier load magnitudes in eccentric actions than concentric actions of complete stretch-shortening cycles. In doing so, unique neuromuscular and molecular responses are expected to result in acute post-activation performance enhancements, as evidenced by increased movement velocity or power. Improvements are dependent upon load selection, which varies across exercises, such as jumps and bench press throws (eccentric: 20-40 kg or 20-30% of body mass; concentric: body mass only), and squats and bench press (eccentric: 77.3-120% One-Repetition Maximum (1-RM); concentric: 30-90% 1-RM). The efficacy of AEL is dependent upon the concentric load used, which in turn is influenced by the magnitude of the eccentric load. Greater strength relative to body mass may enable the maintenance of technique and pacing during AEL, necessary for resultant performance enhancements, particularly when using eccentric loads exceeding the individual’s concentric 1-RM. Before prescribing AEL practitioners should consider: training experience, strength relative to body mass, the particular exercise, AEL application method, and the magnitude of both eccentric and concentric loads. Thus, the aims of this brief review are to describe: 1) neuromuscular and molecular constructs of AEL; 2) acute effects of AEL; 3) chronic effects of AEL; 4) loading considerations; 5) practical applications.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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7دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Jennifer Fields, Justin Merrigan, Mary Kate Feit, Margaret Jones
المصدر: International Journal of Strength and Conditioning, Vol 1, Iss 1 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Sports, GV557-1198.995, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
الوصف: Monitoring external loads may minimize injury risk and improve physical performance. The purpose was to describe the external loads of a men’s collegiate soccer team during practice and games at the start of in-season play. In the first 2 weeks of the competitive season, National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I soccer athletes (n=19; mean±SD, age: 20.3±0.9 yr; body mass: 77.9±6.8kg; body height: 178.87±7.18cm; body fat: 10.0±5.0%; VO2max: 65.39±7.61mL/kg/min) wore a global positional system device (GPS/GNSS) during practices (n=8) and games (n=3). Starters were classified as players who maintained a minimum playing time of 45 minutes per game (n=10); other players were considered non-starters (n=9). External load metrics collected were: total distance (TD), player load (PL), high-speed distance (HSD, >13 mph (5.8 m/s)), high inertial movement analysis (IMA, >3.5m/s2), and repeated high intensity efforts (RHIE). Multivariate and repeated measures analyses of variance assessed differences in external load measures for practices and games in starters and non-starters. Relative to game loads, practices were quantified as high (>1 SD above the mean), medium (1 SD below the mean), low (2 SD below the mean) and very low (3 SD below the mean). For starters and non-starters, TD, PL, HSD, IMA, and RHIEs were lower in practices compared to games (p
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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8دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Howard Burdett, Margaret Jones, Lisa Hull, David Pernet, Dominic Murphy, Nicola T Fear, Danai Serfioti, Marie-Louise Sharp
المصدر: BMJ Open, Vol 11, Iss 8 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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9دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Gary Burgess, Malcolm Boyce, Margaret Jones, Lars Larsson, Mark J. Main, Frazer Morgan, Peter Phillips, Alison Scrimgeour, Foteini Strimenopoulou, Pavan Vajjah, Miren Zamacona, Roger Palframan
المصدر: EBioMedicine, Vol 35, Iss , Pp 67-75 (2018)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
الوصف: Background: Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a key mediator of T-helper-cell-type-2 (Th-2)-driven asthma, the inhibition of which may improve treatment outcomes. We examined the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity of VR942, a dry-powder formulation containing CDP7766, a high-affinity anti-human-IL-13 antigen-binding antibody fragment being developed for the treatment of asthma. Methods: We conducted a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, ascending-dose study at Hammersmith Medicines Research, London, UK, which is now complete. Healthy adults aged 18–50 years (n = 40) were randomized 3:1 to a single inhaled dose of VR942 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10, or 20 mg, or placebo. Adults aged 18–50 years who were diagnosed with asthma for ≥6 months before screening, and had forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) values ≥70% of the predicted values at screening (n = 45), were randomized to once-daily inhaled VR942 0.5 or 10 mg, or placebo (2:2:1), or VR942 20 mg or placebo (3:2), for 10 days. All participants were randomized to receive VR942 or placebo based on a randomization list prepared by an independent HMR statistician using SAS® software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). The primary outcome was safety and tolerability of VR942 (safety population, defined as all who received at least one dose of VR942 or placebo). This study is listed on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02473939). Findings: In the VR942 and placebo groups, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported in 10/30 (33%) and 0/10 (0%) healthy participants, and in 16/29 (55%) and 9/16 (56%) participants with asthma, respectively. Mild intermittent wheezing occurred in 7 participants (VR942 20 mg, n = 4; corresponding placebo, n = 3), resolving spontaneously within 1 h. All TEAEs were mild or moderate; there were no deaths, serious adverse events, or clinically significant changes in vital signs, electrocardiograms, or laboratory parameters. There was no clinically significant immunogenicity, with only one participant with asthma considered positive for treatment-related immunogenicity for CDP7766. Interpretation: This study, considered to be the only example of a dry powder anti-IL-13 fragment antibody being administered via inhalation, demonstrated that single and repeat doses were well tolerated over a period of up to 10 days in duration. Rapid and durable inhibition of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) (secondary outcome) provided evidence of pharmacological engagement with the IL-13 target in the airways of participants diagnosed with mild asthma. These data, together with the numerical improvements observed for predose FEV1, justify further clinical evaluation of VR942 in a broader population of patients with asthma, and continue to support the development of an inhaled anti-IL-13 antibody fragment as a potential future treatment that is alternative to monoclonal antibodies delivered via the parenteral route. Funding: Study funding and funding for the medical writing and editorial support for preparation of the manuscript were split equally between the two study co-funders (Vectura Ltd and UCB Pharma). Keywords: Asthma, Immunotherapy, Interleukin-13, Pharmacodynamics, Safety, Tolerability
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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10دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Julio Calleja-Gonzalez, Diego Marques-Jimenez, Margaret Jones, Thomas Huyghe, Fernando Navarro, Anne Delextrat, Igor Jukic, Sergej M. Ostojic, Jaime E. Sampaio, Xavi Schelling, Pedro E. Alcaraz, Fernando Sanchez-Bañuelos, Xavier Leibar, Juan Mielgo-Ayuso, Nicolas Terrados
المصدر: Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 11 (2020)
مصطلحات موضوعية: fatigue, competition, sport, TRIP, training, travel, Psychology, BF1-990
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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