المؤلفون: Boytchev H

المصدر: BMJ (Clinical research ed.) [BMJ] 2023 Jul 20; Vol. 382, pp. 1672. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 20.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: British Medical Association Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8900488 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1756-1833 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09598138 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Social Skills* , Marketing*, Humans ; Schools ; Social Marketing

المؤلفون: Theurich MA; Chair of Public Health and Health Services Research, Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany., Ziebart M; Gesund + wohlgenährt, Munich, Germany., Strobl F; School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.

المصدر: Maternal & child nutrition [Matern Child Nutr] 2024 Jul; Vol. 20 (3), pp. e13632. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 22.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101201025 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1740-8709 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17408695 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Matern Child Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Marketing*/methods , Marketing*/statistics & numerical data , Bottle Feeding*/statistics & numerical data, Humans ; Germany ; Infant ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data ; Food Packaging/methods ; Infant Formula/statistics & numerical data ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant Food/statistics & numerical data

مستخلص: Bottles and teats are ubiquitously used for feeding infants and young children. Yet there are limited empirical studies on the scope of infant feeding bottles, their attributes, or their marketing claims. We report the first comprehensive survey on infant feeding bottles and teats in Germany. We aimed to explore the extent of bottles and teats available in Germany, describe their physical attributes and analyze their marketing claims. A cross-sectional survey of German bottle and teat manufacturer websites was conducted between June and November 2022. Product attributes are presented with descriptive statistics and photographs. Marketing claims are summarized in a descriptive content analysis. We identified 41 brands encompassing 447 unique products (226 bottles, 221 teats). The majority of bottles were plastic (147, 65%) or glass (64, 28%), and the majority of teats were silicone (188, 85%). Most brands (38, 93%) promoted products using one or more inappropriate marketing claims, including equivalency to breastfeeding (29, 73%), idealization through technical or medical descriptions (23, 58%), claims on disease prevention (31, 78%), references to naturalness (29, 73%), infant autonomy (10, 25%), and endorsements from parents (10, 25%) or health professionals (11, 28%). The majority of bottles and teats available in Germany appear to be marketed inappropriately and hold the potential to undermine public health recommendations on infant and young child feeding. Therefore, we recommend Germany strengthens legislation on the marketing of bottles and teats in accordance with the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes.
(© 2024 The Authors. Maternal & Child Nutrition published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

المؤلفون: Harris E

المصدر: JAMA [JAMA] 2023 May 09; Vol. 329 (18), pp. 1543.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7501160 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1538-3598 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00987484 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Medicare Part C*/economics , Medicare Part C*/legislation & jurisprudence , Prior Authorization*/economics , Prior Authorization*/legislation & jurisprudence , Marketing of Health Services*/economics , Marketing of Health Services*/legislation & jurisprudence, Marketing/economics ; Marketing/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States

المؤلفون: Dai J; Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA., Kenney EL; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA., Soto MJ; Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA., Zhong A; Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA., Moran AJ; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA., Broad Leib EM; Harvard Law School, Cambridge, USA., Bleich SN; Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.

المصدر: Public health nutrition [Public Health Nutr] 2024 Sep 23; Vol. 27 (1), pp. e167. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 23.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9808463 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2727 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13689800 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Public Health Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Food Assistance*/statistics & numerical data , Sugar-Sweetened Beverages*/statistics & numerical data , Supermarkets* , Marketing*/methods , Marketing*/statistics & numerical data, Humans ; United States ; Longitudinal Studies ; Time Factors

مستخلص: Objective: Prior research has shown that there are more supermarket displays of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) during times when Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits are distributed ('issuance periods'). This may contribute to inequitable purchasing and consumption. This study examines whether SSB marketing in weekly supermarket circulars, which retailers use to advertise products, is more prevalent during issuance periods compared to non-issuance periods.
Design: We conducted longitudinal, difference-in-differences analyses of data extracted from weekly supermarket circulars of randomly selected SNAP-authorised retailers in six states. Analyses tested whether SSB advertisements ('ads') were more prevalent during SNAP issuance periods compared to non-issuance periods within states with distinct issuance periods (3, 5, 10 or 15 d), compared to one state with continuous benefit issuance (28 d; the 'control' state).
Setting: Weekly online supermarket circulars collected from August to September 2019 were analysed in 2021.
Participants: The study sample included 5152 circulars from 563 SNAP-authorised retailers in the states California, Connecticut, Nebraska, New Jersey and Texas (distinct issuance period states) as well as Florida ('control' state).
Results: The estimated mean percentage of beverage ads classified as SSB ads during issuance days was 51·5 % compared to 48·4 % during non-issuance days ( P < 0·001). In difference-in-differences analyses comparing to the 'control' state with continuous issuance, SSB ad counts were 2·9 % higher (95 % CI 1·9 %, 3·9 %) during SNAP issuance relative to non-issuance.
Conclusions: SSB ads are slightly more prevalent in weekly supermarket circulars during SNAP issuance periods. Future research should explore the linkages between circular ads and SSB purchasing and consumption.

المؤلفون: Zhang MJ; School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)., Luk TT; School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)., Ho SY; School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)., Wang MP; School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)., Lam TH; School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong)., Cheung YTD; School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (Hong Kong).

المصدر: JMIR mHealth and uHealth [JMIR Mhealth Uhealth] 2024 Sep 03; Vol. 12, pp. e60052. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 03.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 101624439 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2291-5222 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22915222 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JMIR Mhealth Uhealth Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Students*/statistics & numerical data , Students*/psychology , Alcohol Drinking*/psychology , Alcohol Drinking*/epidemiology , Marketing*/methods , Marketing*/statistics & numerical data , Ecological Momentary Assessment*/statistics & numerical data, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Universities/statistics & numerical data ; Universities/organization & administration ; Hong Kong/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

مستخلص: Background: The relationships between alcohol marketing exposure, alcohol use, and purchase have been widely studied. However, prospective studies examining the causal relationships in real-world settings using mobile health tools are limited.
Objective: We used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine both the within-person- and between-person-level effects of alcohol marketing exposure on any alcohol use, amount of alcohol use, any alcohol purchase, and frequency of alcohol purchase among university students.
Methods: From January to June 2020, we conducted a prospective cohort study via EMA among university students in Hong Kong who reported current drinking. Over 14 consecutive days, each participant completed 5 fixed-interval, signal-contingent EMAs daily via a smartphone app. Each EMA asked about the number and types of alcohol marketing exposures, the amount and types of alcohol used, and whether any alcohol was purchased, all within the past 3 hours. We used 2-part models, including multilevel logistic regressions and multilevel gamma regressions, to examine if the number of alcohol marketing exposure was associated with subsequent alcohol use and alcohol purchase.
Results: A total of 49 students participated, with 33% (16/49) being male. The mean age was 22.6 (SD 2.6) years. They completed 2360 EMAs (completion rate: 2360/3430, 68.8%). Participants reported exposure to alcohol marketing in 5.9% (140/2360), alcohol use in 6.1% (145/2360), and alcohol purchase in 2.4% (56/2360) of all the EMAs. At the between-person level, exposure to more alcohol marketing predicted a higher likelihood of alcohol use (adjusted odd ratio [AOR]=3.51, 95% CI 1.29-9.54) and a higher likelihood of alcohol purchase (AOR=4.59, 95% CI 1.46-14.49) the following day. Exposure to more alcohol marketing did not increase the amount of alcohol use or frequency of alcohol purchases the following day in participants who used or purchased alcohol. At the within-person level, exposure to more alcohol marketing was not associated with a higher likelihood of alcohol use, amount of alcohol use, higher likelihood of alcohol purchase, or frequency of alcohol purchases the following day (all P s >.05). Each additional exposure to alcohol marketing within 1 week predicted an increase of 0.85 alcoholic drinks consumed in the following week (adjusted B=0.85, 95% CI 0.09-1.61). On days of reporting alcohol use, the 3 measures for alcohol marketing receptivity were not associated with more alcohol use or purchase (all P s >.05).
Conclusions: By using EMA, we provided the first evidence for the effect of alcohol marketing exposure on initiating alcohol use and purchase in current-drinking university students. Our findings provide evidence of the regulation of alcohol marketing for the reduction of alcohol use and purchase among young adults.
(©Min Jin Zhang, Tzu Tsun Luk, Sai Yin Ho, Man Ping Wang, Tai Hing Lam, Yee Tak Derek Cheung. Originally published in JMIR mHealth and uHealth (https://mhealth.jmir.org), 03.09.2024.)

المؤلفون: Rossi R; Business School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom., Nairn A; Business School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.

المصدر: Addiction (Abingdon, England) [Addiction] 2024 Sep; Vol. 119 (9), pp. 1659-1660. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 04.

نوع المنشور: Editorial; Journal Article; Letter

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9304118 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1360-0443 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09652140 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Addiction Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Gambling* , Marketing*/legislation & jurisprudence , Marketing*/methods , Internet*, Humans

المؤلفون: Chambers LC; Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States.; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States., Malyuta Y; Open Door Health, Rhode Island Public Health Institute, Providence, RI, United States., Goedel WC; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States., Chan PA; Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States.; Open Door Health, Rhode Island Public Health Institute, Providence, RI, United States.; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.; Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States., Sutten Coats C; Open Door Health, Rhode Island Public Health Institute, Providence, RI, United States.; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States., Allen K; The Allen Company, Inc, Jackson, MS, United States., Nunn AS; Open Door Health, Rhode Island Public Health Institute, Providence, RI, United States.; Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.; Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.

المصدر: JMIR public health and surveillance [JMIR Public Health Surveill] 2024 Aug 23; Vol. 10, pp. e50944. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 23.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: JMIR Publications Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 101669345 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2369-2960 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23692960 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JMIR Public Health Surveill Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Social Marketing* , Homosexuality, Male*/statistics & numerical data , Homosexuality, Male*/psychology, Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Sexual and Gender Minorities/statistics & numerical data ; Sexual and Gender Minorities/psychology ; Health Promotion/methods ; Sexual Health/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Organizational Case Studies ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/prevention & control

مستخلص: Background: Little is known about how best to reach people with social marketing messages promoting use of clinical HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) services.
Objective: We evaluated a multiplatform, digital social marketing campaign intended to increase use of HIV/STI testing, treatment, and prevention services among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) at an LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and/or questioning) community health center.
Methods: We evaluated engagement with a social marketing campaign launched by Open Door Health, the only LGBTQ+ community health center in Rhode Island, during the first 8 months of implementation (April to November 2021). Three types of advertisements encouraging use of HIV/STI services were developed and implemented on Google Search, Google Display, Grindr, and Facebook. Platforms tracked the number of times that an advertisement was displayed to a user (impressions), that a user clicked through to a landing page that facilitated scheduling (clicks), and that a user requested a call to schedule an appointment from the landing page (conversions). We calculated the click-through rate (clicks per impression), conversion rate (conversions per click), and the dollar amount spent per 1000 impressions and per click and conversion.
Results: Overall, Google Search yielded the highest click-through rate (7.1%) and conversion rate (7.0%) compared to Google Display, Grindr, and Facebook (click-through rates=0.4%-3.3%; conversion rates=0%-0.03%). Although the spend per 1000 impressions and per click was higher for Google Search compared to other platforms, the spend per conversion-which measures the number of people intending to attend the clinic for services-was substantially lower for Google Search (US $48.19 vs US $3120.42-US $3436.03).
Conclusions: Campaigns using the Google Search platform may yield the greatest return on investment for engaging MSM in HIV/STI services at community health clinics. Future studies are needed to measure clinical outcomes among those who present to the clinic for services after viewing campaign advertisements and to compare the return on investment with use of social marketing campaigns relative to other approaches.
(© Laura C Chambers, Yelena Malyuta, William C Goedel, Philip A Chan, Cassandra Sutten Coats, Ken Allen, Amy S Nunn. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (https://publichealth.jmir.org).)

المؤلفون: Khayat A; Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem, PO Box 12272, 911200, Jerusalem, Israel. amal.khayat@mail.huji.ac.il., Levine H; Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem, PO Box 12272, 911200, Jerusalem, Israel., Berg CJ; Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA., Abroms LC; Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA., Duan Z; Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA., Wang Y; Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA., LoParco CR; Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA., Elbaz D; Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem, PO Box 12272, 911200, Jerusalem, Israel., Cui Y; Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA., Bar-Zeev Y; Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem - Hadassah Medical Center, Ein Kerem, PO Box 12272, 911200, Jerusalem, Israel.

المصدر: Israel journal of health policy research [Isr J Health Policy Res] 2024 Aug 16; Vol. 13 (1), pp. 39. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 16.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Comparative Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101584158 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-4015 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20454015 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Isr J Health Policy Res Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Arabs*/statistics & numerical data , Jews*/statistics & numerical data , Marketing*/statistics & numerical data , Marketing*/methods, Israel ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Commerce/statistics & numerical data

مستخلص: Background: Philip Morris International's IQOS, with its heatsticks (HEETS), is the heated tobacco product with the largest global market share. IQOS and/or electronic cigarettes use rate is higher among Arabs vs. Jews in Israel. This paper aims to compare IQOS point-of-sale marketing strategies, and regulatory compliance in Arab vs. Jewish neighborhoods in Israel.
Methods: We integrated data from two separate studies including a cross-sectional survey with IQOS retailers (December 2020-April 2021) and audits of points-of-sale that sold IQOS/HEETS (April 2021-July 2021) in 5 large cities in Israel, after marketing restrictions including a points-of-sale display ban and plain packaging became effective in Israel (January 2020). The survey included 69 points-of-sale (21 Arab, 48 Jewish neighborhoods) and the audits included 129 points-of-sale (48 Arab, 81 Jewish neighborhoods). Comparisons of IQOS marketing strategies between points-of-sale in Arab and Jewish neighborhoods were conducted using Chi-Square test, Fisher's exact test or Mann-Whitney test, as appropriate. Thematic analysis was used to analyze open-ended questions.
Results: The survey showed that most marketing strategies, such as promotions to customers, were uniform across points-of-sale in Arab and Jewish neighborhoods. The most noteworthy differences were that a higher proportion of retailers from Arab neighborhoods were invited to IQOS parties (47.6% vs. 21.7%, p < 0.05) and reported personal communication with a Philip Morris International's representative (80.0% vs. 51.2%, p < 0.05). Additionally, Philip Morris International's representatives assisted points-of-sale in both Arab and Jewish neighborhoods in implementing the display ban by providing free compliant cabinets and product placement instructions, and directly interacted with customers. The audits showed that points-of-sale in Arab neighborhoods were more compliant with the display ban (25.5% vs. 8.8%, p < 0.05), but less compliant with plain packaging (62.5% vs. 79.3%, p < 0.05).
Conclusions: There were not many notable differences in IQOS marketing across points-of-sale in Arab vs. Jewish neighborhoods, but Philip Morris International utilized marketing elements of cultural significance, especially for points-of-sale in Arab neighborhoods, such as more personal communication and invitation to social events. Continuous surveillance of tobacco points-of-sale marketing and legislation compliance is needed, with a special focus on demographic/location-based differences.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Pitt H; Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia. hannah.pitt@deakin.edu.au., McCarthy S; Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia., Randle M; Faculty of Business and Law, School of Business, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia., Arnot G; Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia., Daube M; Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia., Thomas S; Institute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap St, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.; Curtin School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.

المصدر: BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2024 Jul 26; Vol. 24 (1), pp. 2004. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 26.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Gambling*/psychology , Focus Groups* , Marketing*/legislation & jurisprudence , Marketing*/methods , Public Health*, Humans ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Qualitative Research ; New South Wales ; Victoria ; Public Policy ; Advertising/legislation & jurisprudence ; Advertising/methods ; Australia

مستخلص: Background: Marketing has a significant impact on the normalisation of gambling for youth across the globe. This has included shaping positive attitudes towards gambling, as well as increasing the social and cultural acceptance of gambling - particularly aligned with valued activities such as sport. Because of this, public health experts argue that gambling marketing poses a significant risk to the health and wellbeing of youth. While young people are increasingly exposed to, and impacted by marketing for gambling products, they are rarely consulted about policy issues and options. This study aimed to explore young Australians' perceptions of current policy responses to gambling advertising, whether they thought young people should be involved in discussions and decisions about gambling marketing regulations, and their perceptions of the duty of governments to protect young people from gambling industry marketing strategies.
Methods: Qualitative focus groups (n = 22) were held with n = 64, 12-17 year olds in the Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales. Participants were asked to reflect on current gambling policies, particularly relating to marketing, what they thought should be done about gambling marketing, and if and how young people should be included in public health responses to gambling. An interpretivist 'Big Q' approach to reflexive thematic analysis was used.
Results: Young people highlighted the need for more effective regulations around the content and frequency of gambling marketing. They also wanted to see more realistic representations of the negative impacts of gambling to counter persistent positive commercial marketing messages. Most thought that young people should be given an opportunity to have a say about responses to gambling due to their unique experiences. Participants identified mechanisms to increase young people's engagement in decision making, such as direct lines of communication to different levels of government, involvement in research, and diversifying ways of engagement. Specific recommendations included more regulatory action such as bans on gambling advertising.
Conclusions: Creating formal structures that facilitate the inclusion of young people's perspectives in decisions made about gambling can result in more innovative and effective strategies to prevent the harms from gambling industry products, promotions, and practices.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Kitchin PJ; School of Sport, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. pj.kitchin@ulster.ac.uk., McEvoy E; Department of Management, Leadership and Marketing, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland., Kerr A; School of Information and Communication Studies, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., O'Brennan J; Centre for the Study of Politics, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.

المصدر: BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2024 Sep 11; Vol. 24 (1), pp. 2478. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 11.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Gambling*/psychology , Gambling*/epidemiology , Focus Groups* , Qualitative Research* , Marketing*/methods, Humans ; Ireland ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Sports/psychology ; Social Media/statistics & numerical data ; Northern Ireland

مستخلص: Background: Gambling marketing communications create a public health risk by increasing the normalisation of gambling in sports. In a context where broad level studies report significant underage gambling, currently no evidence exists on how these communications are received by children in the Republic of Ireland (hereafter Ireland) and Northern Ireland. To build this evidence base and provide granular detail below broad level data, this study explored the sport consumption habits and views of Irish children (aged 14-17 years) on their exposure, awareness and perceptions of the relationship between sport and gambling.
Methods: Drawing on a constructivist approach to data collection, 6 face-to-face focus groups were staged with a total of 51 youth sport consumers from both sides of the border region on the island of Ireland.
Results: Four main themes were established. First, mediated sport consumption was predominantly via mobile social media. Second, we found that their exposure to gambling marketing was high and while frequently seen through social media channels it was also prevalent in peer-to-peer conversations and on the main street. Third, we found mixed responses on their perceptions about gambling and sport. While many felt that sport and gambling were a good fit, they were aware of the financial risks involved. Few children understood the wider social risks with gambling harm. Fourth, children were sceptical of claims made in gambling communications. These findings highlight concerns about how exposure to gambling marketing is impacting children's views on sport and on gambling. These views need to be taken into consideration when broadcasters and sport organizations are entering into commercial associations.
Conclusions: Gambling marketing is noticed by children watching mass and social media, and in the towns in the border regions of the island of Ireland. Our study provides children's viewpoints on this topic which complements the larger quantitative studies in Ireland and Northern Ireland that highlight the growing prevalence of children and gambling. This study not only extends the literature on the exposure, awareness and perceptions of children on the island of Ireland but provides crucial evidence to public health advocates in this region demonstrating the pervasiveness of gambling communications in and around children's spaces.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)