المؤلفون: Lutgendorf SK; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States. Electronic address: susan-lutgendorf@uiowa.edu., Telles RM; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States., Whitney B; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States., Thaker PH; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States., Slavich GM; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States., Goodheart MJ; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States., Penedo FJ; Departments of Psychology and Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States., Noble AE; Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States., Cole SW; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States., Sood AK; Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Biology and Center for RNA Interference and Noncoding RNA, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States., Corn BW; Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Hebrew University Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.

المصدر: Brain, behavior, and immunity [Brain Behav Immun] 2024 Feb; Vol. 116, pp. 362-369. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 09.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8800478 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1090-2139 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08891591 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Brain Behav Immun Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Hydrocortisone*/analysis , Ovarian Neoplasms*, Humans ; Female ; Depression ; Interleukin-6/analysis ; Ascites ; Biomarkers ; Biology ; Saliva/chemistry ; Circadian Rhythm

مستخلص: Introduction: Although the concept of hope is highly relevant for cancer patients, little is known about its association with cancer-relevant biomarkers. Here we examined how hope was related to diurnal cortisol and interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine previously associated with tumor biology and survival in ovarian cancer. Secondly, we examined whether hope and hopelessness are distinctly associated with these biomarkers.
Method: Participants were 292 high-grade ovarian cancer patients who completed surveys and provided saliva samples 4x/daily for 3 days pre-surgery to assess diurnal cortisol. Blood (pre-surgery) and ascites were assessed for IL-6. Hope and hopelessness were assessed using standardized survey items from established scales (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale; Profile of Mood States, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy). Two hopeless items were z-scored and combined into a composite for analysis. Regression models related these variables to nocturnal cortisol, cortisol slope, plasma and ascites IL-6, adjusting for cancer stage, BMI, age, and depression.
Results: Greater hope was significantly related to a steeper cortisol slope, β = -0.193, p = 0.046, and lower night cortisol, β = -0.227, p = 0.018, plasma IL-6, β = -0.142, p = 0.033, and ascites IL-6, β = -0.290, p = 0.002. Secondary analyses including both hope and hopelessness showed similar patterns, with distinct relationships of hope with significantly lower nocturnal cortisol β = -0.233,p = 0.017 and ascites IL-6, β = -0.282,p = 0.003, and between hopelessness and a flatter cortisol slope, β = 0.211, p = 0.031.
Conclusions: These data suggest a biological signature of hope associated with less inflammation and more normalized diurnal cortisol in ovarian cancer. These findings have potential clinical utility but need replication with more diverse samples and validated assessments of hope.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Dr. Thaker has served as a consultant for Immunon, has been on advisory boards for Astra Zeneca, Clovis Oncology, Glaxo Smith Kline, Seagen, Agenus, Immunon, Immunogen, Mersana, Novocure R-Pharm, Zentalis, Aadi Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Caris, and Iovance Biotherapeutics, and has had research funding from Merck and Glaxo Smith Kline, and is a Immunon shareholder; Dr. Lutgendorf is an Abbvie shareholder; Dr. Sood has done consulting for Merck, Astra Zeneca, Kiyatec, Glaxo Smith Kline, Onexo, ImmunoGen, Iylon, has a patent planned/pending for EGFL6 antibody, and is a Biopath shareholder; Dr. Corn is the Chief Medical Officer of Lutris-Pharma. All other authors report no conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

المؤلفون: Lutgendorf SK; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA., Thaker PH; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA., Goodheart MJ; Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.; Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA., Arevalo JMG; Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA., Chowdhury MA; Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA., Noble AE; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA., Dahmoush L; Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA., Slavich GM; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA., Penedo FJ; Department of Psychology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA., Sood AK; Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.; Center for RNA Interference and Noncoding RNA, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA., Cole SW; Division of Hematology/Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.; Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.

المصدر: Cancer [Cancer] 2022 Dec 01; Vol. 128 (23), pp. 4157-4165. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 17.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0374236 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-0142 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0008543X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cancer Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Exosomes*/genetics , Exosomes*/metabolism , Ovarian Neoplasms*/pathology , Carcinoma*, Humans ; Female ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; RNA/metabolism ; RNA/therapeutic use ; Disease Progression

مستخلص: Background: Biobehavioral factors such as social isolation and depression have been associated with disease progression in ovarian and other cancers. Here, the authors developed a noninvasive, exosomal RNA profile for predicting ovarian cancer disease progression and subsequently tested whether it increased in association with biobehavioral risk factors.
Methods: Exosomes were isolated from plasma samples from 100 women taken before primary surgical resection or neoadjuvant (NACT) treatment of ovarian carcinoma and 6 and 12 months later. Biobehavioral measures were sampled at all time points. Plasma from 76 patients was allocated to discovery analyses in which morning presurgical/NACT exosomal RNA profiles were analyzed by elastic net machine learning to identify a biomarker predicting rapid (≤6 months) versus more extended disease-free intervals following initial treatment. Samples from a second subgroup of 24 patients were analyzed by mixed-effects linear models to determine whether the progression-predictive biomarker varied longitudinally as a function of biobehavioral risk factors (social isolation and depressive symptoms).
Results: An RNA-based molecular signature was identified that discriminated between individuals who had disease progression in ≤6 months versus >6 months, independent of clinical variables (age, disease stage, and grade). In a second group of patients analyzed longitudinally, social isolation and depressive symptoms were associated with upregulated expression of the disease progression propensity biomarker, adjusting for covariates.
Conclusion: These data identified a novel exosome-derived biomarker indicating propensity of ovarian cancer progression that is sensitive to biobehavioral variables. This derived biomarker may be potentially useful for risk assessment, intervention targeting, and treatment monitoring.
(© 2022 American Cancer Society.)

المؤلفون: Dawson D; Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States., Fisher H; Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States.; Oak Ridge Institutes for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States., Noble AE; Safer Consumer Products Program, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, California 95814, United States., Meng Q; Safer Consumer Products Program, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, California 95814, United States., Doherty AC; Safer Consumer Products Program, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, California 95814, United States., Sakano Y; Safer Consumer Products Program, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 1001 I Street, Sacramento, California 95814, United States., Vallero D; Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States., Tornero-Velez R; Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States., Cohen Hubal EA; Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States.

المصدر: Environmental science & technology [Environ Sci Technol] 2022 Apr 19; Vol. 56 (8), pp. 5266-5275. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Apr 05.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Chemical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0213155 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1520-5851 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0013936X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Sci Technol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Drinking Water* , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/analysis, Dioxanes/analysis ; Environmental Exposure/analysis ; Humans ; Organic Chemicals ; Risk Assessment ; United States

مستخلص: 1,4-Dioxane is a persistent and mobile organic chemical that has been found by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to be an unreasonable risk to human health in some occupational contexts. 1,4-Dioxane is released into the environment as industrial waste and occurs in some personal-care products as an unintended byproduct. However, limited exposure assessments have been conducted outside of an occupational context. In this study, the USEPA simulation modeling tool, Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulator-High Throughput (SHEDS-HT), was adapted to estimate the exposure and chemical mass released down the drain (DTD) from drinking water consumption and product use. 1,4-Dioxane concentrations measured in drinking water and consumer products were used by SHEDS-HT to evaluate and compare the contributions of these sources to exposure and mass released DTD. Modeling results showed that compared to people whose daily per capita exposure came from only products (2.29 × 10 ^-7 to 2.92 × 10 ^-7 mg/kg/day), people exposed to both contaminated water and product use had higher per capita median exposures (1.90 × 10 ^-6 to 4.27 × 10 ^-6 mg/kg/day), with exposure mass primarily attributable to water consumption (75-91%). Last, we demonstrate through simulation that while a potential regulatory action could broadly reduce DTD release, the proportional reduction in exposure would be most significant for people with no or low water contamination.

المؤلفون: Blackwood JC, Machta J, Meyer AD, Noble AE, Hastings A, Liebhold AM

المصدر: The American naturalist [Am Nat] 2018 Oct; Vol. 192 (4), pp. 479-489. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Aug 09.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: University of Chicago Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2984688R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1537-5323 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00030147 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am Nat Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Animal Distribution* , Periodicity*, Hemiptera/*growth & development, Animals ; Homing Behavior ; Models, Theoretical ; Nymph ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; Time Factors

مستخلص: Periodical cicadas are enigmatic organisms: broods spanning large spatial ranges consist of developmentally synchronized populations of 3-4 sympatric species that emerge as adults every 13 or 17 years. Only one brood typically occupies any single location, with well-defined boundaries separating distinct broods. The cause of such synchronous development remains uncertain, but it is known that synchronous emergence of large numbers of adults in a single year satiates predators, allowing a substantial fraction of emerging adults to survive long enough to reproduce. Competition among nymphs feeding on tree roots almost certainly plays a role in limiting populations. However, due to the difficulty of working with such long-lived subterranean life stages, the mechanisms governing competition in periodical cicadas have not been identified. A second process that may affect synchrony among periodical cicadas is their ability to delay or accelerate their emergence as adults by 1 year and accelerate it by 4 years (stragglers). We develop a nonlinear Leslie matrix-type model that describes cicada dynamics accounting for predation, competition, and stragglers. Using numerical simulations, we identify conditions that generate dynamics in which a single brood occupies a given geographical location. Our results show that while stragglers have the potential for introducing multiple sympatric broods, the interaction of interbrood competition with predation-driven Allee effects creates a system resistant to such invasions, and populations maintain developmental synchrony.

المؤلفون: Noble AE; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616; andrew.e.noble@gmail.com.; Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003., Rosenstock TS; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.; Land Health Decisions, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Nairobi 00100, Kenya., Brown PH; Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616., Machta J; Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003.; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501., Hastings A; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.

المصدر: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2018 Feb 20; Vol. 115 (8), pp. 1825-1830. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Feb 07.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Models, Biological*, Agriculture/*methods , Pistacia/*physiology, Plant Roots ; Seeds

مستخلص: Spatial patterning of periodic dynamics is a dramatic and ubiquitous ecological phenomenon arising in systems ranging from diseases to plants to mammals. The degree to which spatial correlations in cyclic dynamics are the result of endogenous factors related to local dynamics vs. exogenous forcing has been one of the central questions in ecology for nearly a century. With the goal of obtaining a robust explanation for correlations over space and time in dynamics that would apply to many systems, we base our analysis on the Ising model of statistical physics, which provides a fundamental mechanism of spatial patterning. We show, using 5 y of data on over 6,500 trees in a pistachio orchard, that annual nut production, in different years, exhibits both large-scale synchrony and self-similar, power-law decaying correlations consistent with the Ising model near criticality. Our approach demonstrates the possibility that short-range interactions can lead to long-range correlations over space and time of cyclic dynamics even in the presence of large environmental variability. We propose that root grafting could be the common mechanism leading to positive short-range interactions that explains the ubiquity of masting, correlated seed production over space through time, by trees.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.)

المؤلفون: Noble AE; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.; Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA., Machta J; Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.; Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA., Hastings A; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.

المصدر: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2015 Apr 08; Vol. 6, pp. 6664. Date of Electronic Publication: 2015 Apr 08.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Ecology* , Models, Theoretical* , Population Dynamics*, Demography ; Logistic Models

مستخلص: Understanding the synchronization of oscillations across space is fundamentally important to many scientific disciplines. In ecology, long-range synchronization of oscillations in spatial populations may elevate extinction risk and signal an impending catastrophe. The prevailing assumption is that synchronization on distances longer than the dispersal scale can only be due to environmental correlation (the Moran effect). In contrast, we show how long-range synchronization can emerge over distances much longer than the length scales of either dispersal or environmental correlation. In particular, we demonstrate that the transition from incoherence to long-range synchronization of two-cycle oscillations in noisy spatial population models is described by the Ising universality class of statistical physics. This result shows, in contrast to all previous work, how the Ising critical transition can emerge directly from the dynamics of ecological populations.

المؤلفون: Hwang EJ; Eric J. Hwang, PhD, OTR/L, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health, Human Services and Nursing, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 1000 East Victoria Street, Carson, CA 90630; ehwang@csudh.edu., Peyton CG; Claudia G. Peyton, PhD, OTR/L, FAOTA, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Health, Human Services and Nursing, California State University-Dominguez Hills, Carson., Kim DK; David K. Kim, MS, OTR/L, is Clinical Specialist, Bioness, Valencia, CA., Nakama-Sato KK; Kristine K. Nakama-Sato, MS, OTR/L, is Occupational Therapist I, University of California-Irvine Medical Center, Orange., Noble AE; Amy E. Noble, MS, OTR/L, is Pediatric Occupational Therapist in Early Intervention, Service Provider for Harbor Regional Center, Torrance, CA.

المصدر: The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association [Am J Occup Ther] 2014 Jul-Aug; Vol. 68 (4), pp. 386-94.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Published For The American Occupational Therapy Association By AJOT Pub. Co Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7705978 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0272-9490 (Print) Linking ISSN: 02729490 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Occup Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Afghan Campaign 2001-* , Iraq War, 2003-2011*, Automobile Driving/*psychology , Veterans/*psychology, Adolescent ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stress, Psychological ; Young Adult

مستخلص: Difficulty in driving after deployment has emerged as an impediment for servicemembers returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF-OEF). This study explored postdeployment driving stress and related occupational limitations using two self-report instruments: the Driver's Stress Profile and the Driving and Occupational Limitations questionnaire. Data gathered from 103 OIF-OEF returnees confirmed that driving and related occupational issues occur postdeployment. Significant low to moderate correlations were found between postdeployment driving stress and limitations in community mobility, leisure, and social participation. The returnees who drove off base more frequently during deployment showed significantly higher levels of postdeployment driving stress than the returnees who drove off base less frequently. Moreover, the returnees who demonstrated higher levels of driving stress and occupational limitations required more time to resume normal driving postdeployment. Findings raise awareness about the need to design effective driver rehabilitation and community reintegration programs for this population.
(Copyright © 2014 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.)

المؤلفون: Noble AE; Stanley Watson Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA, USA ; Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA., Moran DM; Stanley Watson Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA, USA., Allen AE; Microbial and Environmental Genomics Group, J. Craig Venter Institute San Diego, CA, USA ; Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, CA, USA., Saito MA; Stanley Watson Biogeochemistry Laboratory, Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA, USA.

المصدر: Frontiers in chemistry [Front Chem] 2013 Oct 30; Vol. 1, pp. 25. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 Oct 30 (Print Publication: 2013).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Frontiers Media S.A Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101627988 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2296-2646 (Print) Linking ISSN: 22962646 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Chem Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

مستخلص: Dissolved and particulate metal concentrations are reported from three sites beneath and at the base of the McMurdo Sound seasonal sea ice in the Ross Sea of Antarctica. This dataset provided insight into Co and Mn biogeochemistry, supporting a previous hypothesis for water column mixing occurring faster than scavenging. Three observations support this: first, Mn-containing particles with Mn/Al ratios in excess of the sediment were present in the water column, implying the presence of bacterial Mn-oxidation processes. Second, dissolved and labile Co were uniform with depth beneath the sea ice after the winter season. Third, dissolved Co:PO(3-) 4 ratios were consistent with previously observed Ross Sea stoichiometry, implying that over-winter scavenging was slow relative to mixing. Abundant dissolved Fe and Mn were consistent with a winter reserve concept, and particulate Al, Fe, Mn, and Co covaried, implying that these metals behaved similarly. Elevated particulate metals were observed in proximity to the nearby Islands, with particulate Fe/Al ratios similar to that of nearby sediment, consistent with a sediment resuspension source. Dissolved and particulate metals were elevated at the shallowest depths (particularly Fe) with elevated particulate P/Al and Fe/Al ratios in excess of sediments, demonstrating a sea ice biomass source. The sea ice biomass was extremely dense (chl a >9500 μg/L) and contained high abundances of particulate metals with elevated metal/Al ratios. A hypothesis for seasonal accumulation of bioactive metals at the base of the McMurdo Sound sea ice by the basal algal community is presented, analogous to a capacitor that accumulates iron during the spring and early summer. The release and transport of particulate metals accumulated at the base of the sea ice by sloughing is discussed as a potentially important mechanism in providing iron nutrition during polynya phytoplankton bloom formation and could be examined in future oceanographic expeditions.

المؤلفون: Fagan WF; Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. bfagan@umd.edu, Pearson YE, Larsen EA, Lynch HJ, Turner JB, Staver H, Noble AE, Bewick S, Goldberg EE

المصدر: Proceedings. Biological sciences [Proc Biol Sci] 2013 May 29; Vol. 280 (1763), pp. 20130523. Date of Electronic Publication: 2013 May 29 (Print Publication: 2013).

نوع المنشور: Evaluation Study; Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Royal Society of London Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101245157 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2954 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09628452 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Biol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Models, Biological* , Phylogeny* , Survival Rate*, Canidae/*genetics , Carnivora/*genetics, Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Life Cycle Stages ; Mammals/classification ; Mammals/genetics ; Population Growth ; Predictive Value of Tests

مستخلص: The maximum per capita rate of population growth, r, is a central measure of population biology. However, researchers can only directly calculate r when adequate time series, life tables and similar datasets are available. We instead view r as an evolvable, synthetic life-history trait and use comparative phylogenetic approaches to predict r for poorly known species. Combining molecular phylogenies, life-history trait data and stochastic macroevolutionary models, we predicted r for mammals of the Caniformia and Cervidae. Cross-validation analyses demonstrated that, even with sparse life-history data, comparative methods estimated r well and outperformed models based on body mass. Values of r predicted via comparative methods were in strong rank agreement with observed values and reduced mean prediction errors by approximately 68 per cent compared with two null models. We demonstrate the utility of our method by estimating r for 102 extant species in these mammal groups with unknown life-history traits.

المؤلفون: Noble AE; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA., Hastings A, Fagan WF

المصدر: Physical review letters [Phys Rev Lett] 2011 Nov 25; Vol. 107 (22), pp. 228101. Date of Electronic Publication: 2011 Nov 21.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Physical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401141 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1079-7114 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00319007 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Phys Rev Lett Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Physical Phenomena*, Multivariate Analysis ; Stochastic Processes

مستخلص: For a population with any given number of types, we construct a new multivariate Moran process with frequency-dependent selection and establish, analytically, a correspondence to equilibrium Lotka-Volterra phenomenology. This correspondence, on the one hand, allows us to infer the phenomenology of our Moran process based on much simpler Lokta-Volterra phenomenology and, on the other, allows us to study Lotka-Volterra dynamics within the finite populations of a Moran process. Applications to community ecology, population genetics, and evolutionary game theory are discussed.