المؤلفون: Brittney Armitage-Brown, Andrew Winterborn, Susan E. Boehnke, De Felice Fg, Douglas J. Cook, Lyra e Silva Nm, Douglas P. Munoz, Robertson El

مصطلحات موضوعية: biology, business.industry, Neurodegeneration, Physiology, Context (language use), Disease, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Cisterna magna, Macaque, Rhesus macaque, Cerebrospinal fluid, biology.animal, medicine, Primate, business

الوصف: Structured AbstractINTRODUCTIONNon-human primates are important translational models of neurodegenerative disease. We characterized how species, sex, age, and site of sampling affected concentrations of key biomarkers of neurodegeneration.METHODSAmyloid-beta (Aβ40, Aβ42), tau (tTau, pTau), and neurofilament light (NFL) in CSF were measured in 82 laboratory-housed naïve cynomolgus and rhesus macaques of both sexes.RESULTSAβ40, Aβ42, and NFL were significantly higher in rhesus compared with cynomolgus macaques. tTau and NFL were higher in males. pTau was not affected by species or sex. Site of acquisition only affected NFL, with NFL being higher in CSF acquired from lumbar compared with cisterna magna puncture.DISCUSSIONNormative values for key neurodegeneration biomarkers were established for laboratory housed cynomolgus and rhesus macaque monkeys. Differences were observed as a function of species, sex and site of CSF acquisition that should be considered when employing primate models.Research In ContextSystematic review: We reviewed reports characterizing CSF biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases in non-human primates – an increasingly important model of disease - revealing that studies with laboratory housed macaque monkeys were of small sample size, with a paucity of data about how biomarkers varied as a function of species, sex, age, and site of acquisition.Interpretation: To address this gap, we collected CSF from 82 naïve laboratory housed male and female macaques of two species and measured Aβ40, Aβ42, tTau, pTau, and NFL. In addition to providing normative statistics for concentrations of these biomarkers, we revealed various species and sex differences.Future directions: Establishing normative values of biomarkers is an important step to the efficient development of cynomolgus and rhesus macaques as models of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. Reference values reduce the need for large control groups by which to compare with disease model animals.

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::63be9cac5dec3af9cb96dabe599d8e52
https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.01.433384

المؤلفون: Charteris David G, Cro Suzie, Casswell Edward, Edwards Rhiannon Tudor, Ezeofor Victory, Anthony Bethany, Bunce Catey, Robertson Elizabeth, Kelly Joanna, Murphy Caroline, Banerjee Philip, Cornelius Victoria R

المصدر: Health Technology Assessment, Vol 27, Iss 12 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: ocular trauma, vitrectomy, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, triamcinolone acetonide, Medical technology, R855-855.5

الوصف: Background Eyes sustaining open globe trauma are at high risk of severe visual impairment. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy is the most common cause of retinal detachment and visual loss in eyes with open globe trauma. There is evidence from experimental studies and pilot clinical trials that the use of adjunctive steroid medication triamcinolone acetonide can reduce the incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy and improve outcomes of surgery for open globe trauma. Objective The Adjunctive Steroid Combination in Ocular Trauma or ASCOT study aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of adjunctive triamcinolone acetonide given at the time of vitreoretinal surgery for open globe trauma. Design A phase 3 multicentre double-masked randomised controlled trial randomising patients undergoing vitrectomy following open globe trauma to either adjunctive triamcinolone acetonide or standard care. Setting Hospital vitreoretinal surgical services dealing with open globe trauma. Participants Patients undergoing vitrectomy surgery who had sustained open globe trauma. Interventions Triamcinolone acetonide 4 mg/0.1 ml into the vitreous cavity and 40 mg/1 ml sub-Tenon’s or standard vitreoretinal surgery and postoperative care. Main outcome measures The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with at least 10 letters of improvement in corrected visual acuity at six months. Secondary outcomes included retinal detachment secondary to proliferative vitreoretinopathy, retinal reattachment, macula reattachment, tractional retinal detachment, number of operations, hypotony, elevated intraocular pressure and quality of life. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the EuroQol Five Domain and Visual Function Questionnaire 25 questionnaires. Results A total of 280 patients were randomised; 129 were analysed from the control group and 130 from the treatment group. The treatment group appeared, by chance, to have more severe pathology on presentation. The primary outcome (improvement in visual acuity) and principal secondary outcome (change in visual acuity) did not demonstrate any treatment benefit for triamcinolone acetonide. The proportion of patients with improvement in visual acuity was 47% for triamcinolone acetonide and 43% for standard care (odds ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 1.75, p = 0.908); the baseline adjusted mean difference in the six-month change in visual acuity was –2.65 (95% confidence interval –9.22 to 3.92, p = 0.430) for triamcinolone acetonide relative to control. Similarly, the secondary outcome measures failed to show any treatment benefit. For two of the secondary outcome measures, stable complete retinal reattachment and stable macular retinal reattachment, outcomes for the treatment group were significantly worse for triamcinolone acetonide at the 5% level (respectively, odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.36 to 0.99, p = 0.044 and odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.35 to 0.98, p = 0.041) compared with control in favour of control. The cost of the intervention was £132 per patient. Health economics outcome measures (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study, Visual Function Questionnaire 25 and EuroQol Five Dimensions) did not demonstrate any significant difference in quality-adjusted life-years. Conclusions The use of combined intraocular and sub-Tenon’s capsule triamcinolone acetonide is not recommended as an adjunct to vitrectomy surgery for intraocular trauma. Secondary outcome measures are suggestive of a negative effect of the adjunct, although the treatment group appeared to have more severe pathology on presentation. Future work The use of alternative adjunctive medications in cases undergoing surgery for open globe trauma should be investigated. Refinement of clinical grading and case selection will enable better trail design for future studies. Trial registration This trial is registered as ISRCTN 30012492, EudraCT number 2014-002193-37, REC 14/LNO/1428, IRAS 156358, Local R&D registration CHAD 1031. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (12/35/64) and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 27, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Plain language summary Despite advances in surgical techniques, eye trauma remains a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment. The main cause of trauma is a scarring process within the eye – proliferative vitreoretinopathy. There is good evidence from laboratory work and small-scale clinical studies that the addition of a steroid medication, triamcinolone acetonide, given in and around the eye at the time of surgery for eye trauma, can reduce the incidence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy scarring and improve the outcomes of surgery. The Adjunctive Steroid Combination in Ocular Trauma or ASCOT study was a multicentre clinical trial designed to test the use of triamcinolone acetonide as an addition to surgery to improve outcomes in eyes with ‘open globe’ penetrating injuries. A total of 280 patients were recruited and randomised to receive standard surgery or surgery with the additional steroid (triamcinolone acetonide). No benefit was found from the addition of the steroid medication. The addition of steroid medication was not good value for money. Secondary outcome measures suggested that triamcinolone acetonide may have had a negative effect on outcomes, although this may have been due to the presence of more severe cases amongst the patients allocated to receive the additional steroid (triamcinolone acetonide). The use of adjunctive triamcinolone acetonide in eye trauma cases undergoing surgery is therefore not recommended. Future studies with different additional medications and/or more targeted case selection are indicated to improve outcomes for eyes experiencing penetrating trauma. Scientific summary Background Eyes sustaining penetrating or open globe trauma (OGT) are a group at high risk of severe visual impairment. Retinal detachment (RD) is common in these eyes and multiple surgical interventions are often necessary. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause of recurrent RD and visual loss in eyes, with OGT occurring in 10–45% of cases. There is good evidence from experimental, preclinical studies and pilot clinical trials that the use of adjunctive steroid medication, in particular triamcinolone acetonide (TA), can reduce the incidence of PVR and improve outcomes of surgery for OGT. Objective The Adjunctive Steroid Combination in Ocular Trauma (ASCOT) study aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness of adjunctive TA given at the time of vitreoretinal surgery for OGT. This included analysis of the economic and quality of life benefits of the adjunctive treatment. From an NHS perspective, to explore the incremental cost-effectiveness of TA and to explore the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of adjunctive TA in vitreoretinal surgery for OGT to determine whether this falls below the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence threshold of £20,000–30,000 per QALY. Methods A phase 3 multicentre double-masked randomised controlled clinical trial randomising patients undergoing vitrectomy following OGT to either adjunctive TA (4 mg/0.1 ml into the vitreous cavity and 40 mg/1 ml sub-Tenon’s) or standard care. Inclusion criteria were as follows: 1.adult subjects (aged 18 years or over at the time of enrolment) 2.full thickness, open globe ocular trauma undergoing vitrectomy 3.ability to give written informed consent 4.willingness to accept randomisation and attend follow-up for six months. Patients were recruited prior to vitrectomy surgery and randomised at the completion of surgery. The primary outcome was to determine whether adjunctive intraocular and periocular steroid (TA) improves visual acuity (VA) at six months compared with standard treatment in eyes undergoing vitreoretinal surgery for OGT. This was defined as the proportion of patients with at least 10 letters of improvement in corrected VA on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart at six months. Secondary outcomes were to determine whether adjunctive intraocular and periocular steroid (TA) influences the development of scarring (PVR), RD (stable complete retinal and macular reattachment), intraocular pressure abnormalities and other complications in eyes undergoing surgery for OGT. In addition, to assess the effects of treatment on quality of life measured using the EuroQol Five Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire and the Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25) tools. The study sample size was calculated from previously published work and two non-randomised trials carried out by the investigators. Based on previous studies, to detect a 19% increase in the proportion of patients with clinically meaningful improvement in VA [from 55% to 74%, corresponding to an odds ratio (OR) of 2.33], with an allowance for an estimated 7% dropout rate, the target sample size was 300 patients (150 per study arm). The main analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle and was conducted subgroup blind (i.e. as group A vs. group B) in accordance with the prespecified ASCOT statistical analysis plan. The primary analysis model consisted of a mixed logistic model with change in VA (

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1366-5278; https://doaj.org/toc/2046-4924

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/b28d735183ca464385810bf8cb9ed3e0

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المؤلفون: Kemp EC; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University., Ray JV; Department of Criminal Justice, University of Central Florida., Frick PJ; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University., Thornton LC; Domestic Division, Abt Global., Myers TDW; Louisiana Department of Health, Office of Behavioral Health., Robertson EL; Center for Child Behavior., Steinberg L; Department of Psychology, Temple University., Cauffman E; Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine.

المصدر: Psychological assessment [Psychol Assess] 2024 Jun 20. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 20.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Psychological Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8915253 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1939-134X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10403590 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychol Assess Subsets: MEDLINE

مستخلص: The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) is a widely used measure of callous-unemotional (CU) traits that may aid in the assessment of the diagnostic specifier "with limited prosocial emotions," which has been added to diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder. Though there is substantial support for use of the ICU total score, the scale's factor structure has been highly debated. Inconsistencies in past factor analyses may be largely attributed to failure to control for method variance due to item wording (i.e., half of the items being worded in the callous direction and half worded in the prosocial direction). Thus, the present study used a multitrait-multimethod confirmatory factor analytic approach that models both trait and method variance to test the factor structure of the ICU self-report in a clinically relevant, high-risk sample of justice-involved male adolescents ( N = 1,216). When comparing the fit of empirical and theoretical models, goodness of fit indices (χ² = 1105.877, df = 190, root-mean-square error of approximation = .063, comparative fit index = .916, Tucker-Lewis index = .878, standardized root-mean-square residual = .051) provided support for a hierarchical four-factor model (i.e., one overarching callous-unemotional factor, four latent trait factors) when accounting for method variance (i.e., covarying positively worded items). This factor structure is consistent with the way the ICU was constructed and with criteria for the limited prosocial emotions specifier. In addition, measurement invariance of this factor structure across age, race, and ethnicity was supported, and the predictive validity of the ICU was supported across these demographic groups in predicting self-reported antisocial behavior and rearrests over a 5-year period following an adolescent's first arrest. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

المؤلفون: Fabiano GA; Florida International University, USA. Electronic address: Gfabiano@fiu.edu., Lupas K; Florida International University, USA., Merrill BM; Florida International University, USA., Schatz NK; Florida International University, USA., Piscitello J; Florida International University, USA., Robertson EL; Florida International University, USA., Pelham WE Jr; Florida International University, USA.

المصدر: Journal of school psychology [J Sch Psychol] 2024 Jun; Vol. 104, pp. 101309. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 22.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0050303 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-3506 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00224405 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Sch Psychol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*/therapy , Schools* , Students*/psychology, Humans ; Child ; Education, Special/methods ; Adolescent

مستخلص: The long-term academic outcomes for many students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are strikingly poor. It has been decades since students with ADHD were specifically recognized as eligible for special education through the Other Health Impaired category under the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975, and similarly, eligible for academic accommodations through Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act. It is time to acknowledge that these school-policies have been insufficient for supporting the academic, social, and behavioral outcomes for students with ADHD. Numerous reasons for the unsuccessful outcomes include a lack of evidence-based interventions embedded into school approaches, minimizing the importance of the general education setting for promoting effective behavioral supports, and an over-reliance on assessment and classification at the expense of intervention. Contemporary behavioral support approaches in schools are situated in multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS); within this article we argue that forward-looking school policies should situate ADHD screening, intervention, and maintenance of interventions within MTSS in general education settings and reserve special education eligibility solely for students who require more intensive intervention. An initial model of intervention is presented for addressing ADHD within schools in a manner that should provide stronger interventions, more quickly, and therefore more effectively.
(Copyright © 2024 Society for the Study of School Psychology. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

المؤلفون: Speck JS; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA. jspeck1@lsu.edu., Frick PJ; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA., Vaughan EP; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA., Walker TM; Harris County Juvenile Probation Department, Houston, USA., Robertson EL; Center for Child Behavior, Sarasota, USA., Ray JV; University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA., Myers TDW; Eastern Louisiana Mental Health System, Jackson, USA., Thornton LC; Abt Associates, Austin, USA., Steinberg L; Temple University, Philadelphia, USA., Cauffman E; University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA.

المصدر: Administration and policy in mental health [Adm Policy Ment Health] 2024 May; Vol. 51 (3), pp. 393-405. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 01.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8914574 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-3289 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0894587X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Adm Policy Ment Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Juvenile Delinquency*/statistics & numerical data , Mental Health Services*/statistics & numerical data, Humans ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Antisocial Personality Disorder ; Emotions ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care/statistics & numerical data

مستخلص: Previous research indicates that youth exhibiting antisocial behavior are at risk for utilizing a disproportionate amount of health services compared to youth without these problems. The present study investigates whether being processed by the juvenile justice system and showing callous-unemotional (CU) traits independently predict health service utilization (medical and mental health service use and out-of-home placement) over and above the severity of antisocial behavior across adolescence. A total of 766 participants who had been arrested for the first time in adolescence provided data at ten appointments over a period of seven years. Results showed that self-reported antisocial behavior at the time of arrest predicted increased use of most health service use types over the next seven years (i.e. medicine prescriptions, tests for sexually transmitted infections, mental health service appointments, and out-of-home placements). All except prescription medication use remained significant when controlling for justice system processing and CU traits. Further, justice system processing added significantly to the prediction of medical service appointments. Whereas CU traits were associated with mental health service appointments and out-of-home placements, these did not remain significant when controlling for severity of antisocial behavior. These findings are consistent with prior research documenting the health care costs of antisocial behavior.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Kemp EC; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University., Frick PJ; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University.; Institute for Learning Sciences and Teacher Education, Australian Catholic University., Matlasz TM; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University., Clark JE; Morrissey-Compton Educational Center., Robertson EL; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University., Ray JV; Department of Criminal Justice, University of Central Florida., Thornton LC; Bureau of Family Health, Louisiana Office of Public Health., Wall Myers TD; Independent Scholar., Steinberg L; Department of Psychology, Temple University., Cauffman E; Department of Psychological Science, University of California.

المصدر: Journal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53 [J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol] 2023 Jul 04; Vol. 52 (4), pp. 519-532. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 23.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Routledge Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101133858 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1537-4424 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15374416 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Conduct Disorder*/diagnosis , Conduct Disorder*/psychology, Child ; Adolescent ; Humans ; Male ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Personality Inventory ; Aggression/psychology ; Emotions ; Intensive Care Units ; Antisocial Personality Disorder/psychology

مستخلص: Objective: The recent addition of the callous-unemotional (CU) traits specifier, "with Limited Prosocial Emotions (LPE)," to major classification systems has prompted the need for assessment tools that aid in the identification of elevations on these traits for diagnostic purposes. The goal of the current study was to use and evaluate multiple methods for establishing cutoff scores for the multi-informant questionnaire, the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU). Method: The present study compared the clinical utility of various proposed cutoff methods and scores (i.e., empirically derived cutoffs using receiver operating characteristic (ROC), normative cutoffs, and rational scoring approximations of LPE criteria) in both a longitudinal sample of justice-involved male adolescents ( N = 1,216; M age  = 15.29, SD  = 1.29) and a cross-sectional sample of school children ( N = 289; M age  = 11.47 years; SD  = 2.26). Results: Methods resulted in a range of cutoff scores with substantial diagnostic overlap and validity. Specifically, they designated justice-involved adolescents at risk for later delinquency, aggression, and rearrests, and they designated school children more likely to be rated by parents and teacher as having conduct problems and rated by peers as being rejected and mean. Conclusions: The results lead to ranges of ICU scores that have support for their validity and can help to guide clinical decisions about children and adolescents who may be elevated on CU traits.

المؤلفون: Robertson EL; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University., Ray JV; Department of Criminal Justice, University of Central Florida., Frick PJ; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University., Vaughan EP; Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University., Thornton LC; Louisiana Department of Health., Wall Myers TD, Steinberg L; Department of Psychology, Temple University., Cauffman E; School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine.

المصدر: Journal of psychopathology and clinical science [J Psychopathol Clin Sci] 2023 May; Vol. 132 (4), pp. 445-460. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 23.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Psychological Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9918351179206676 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2769-755X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27697541 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Psychopathol Clin Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Antisocial Personality Disorder*/epidemiology , Antisocial Personality Disorder*/psychology , Conduct Disorder*/epidemiology, Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Aggression/psychology ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Anxiety/psychology

مستخلص: The association of anxiety and trauma with antisocial behavior in children and adolescents has long been the focus of research, and more recently this area of research has become critical to theories of the development of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. Research suggests those with elevated CU traits and anxiety (i.e., secondary CU variant) seem to show more severe externalizing behaviors and are more likely to show histories of trauma, compared to those with elevated CU and low anxiety (i.e., primary CU variant). These findings have typically been interpreted as being indicative of distinct etiological pathways to the development of CU traits. We test an alternative explanation that the higher rates of anxiety and trauma exposure in some youth with elevated CU traits are largely a consequence of their higher levels of antisocial behavior. The current study recruited a sample of 1,216 justice-involved adolescents ( M age = 15.28, SD = 1.28) from three distinct regions of the United States, who were assessed at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 60 months following their first arrest. Using random-intercept cross-lagged models, both antisocial behavior and CU traits predicted changes in future anxiety and CU traits predicted increases in future victimization. Further, using longitudinal parallel mediation models, antisocial and aggressive behavior largely accounted for the predictive association between CU traits and anxiety and CU traits and victimization. These results support a model in which anxiety and trauma histories may be a marker of the severity of antisocial behavior displayed by youth with elevated CU traits. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).