المؤلفون: Yanzhi Liu, Rui Lin, Haiping Fang, Lixian Li, Min Zhang, Lujiao Lu, Xiang Gao, Jintong Song, Jinsong Wei, Qixian Xiao, Fucheng Zhang, Kefeng Wu, Liao Cui

المصدر: Journal of Orthopaedic Translation, Vol 47, Iss , Pp 176-190 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Bone, Cartilage, Osteoarthritis, Polysaccharide, Rat, Sargassum, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935

الوصف: Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) presents a formidable challenge, characterized by as-yet-unclear mechanical intricacies within cartilage and the dysregulation of bone homeostasis. Our preliminary data revealed the encouraging potential of a Sargassum polysaccharide (SP), in promoting chondrogenesis. The aim of our study is to comprehensively assess the therapeutic effects of SP on OA models and further elucidate its potential mechanism. Methods: The protective effects of SP were initially evaluated in an inflammation-induced human chondrocyte (C28) cell model. CCK-8 assays, Alcian blue staining, RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to verify the chondrogenesis of SP in vitro. To assess the efficacy of SP in vivo, surgically induced medial meniscus destabilization (DMM) OA rats underwent an 8-week SP treatment. The therapeutic effects of SP in OA rats were comprehensively evaluated using X-ray imaging, micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), histopathological analysis, as well as immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent staining. Following these assessments, we delved into the potential signaling pathways of SP in inflammatory chondrocytes utilizing RNA-seq analysis. Validation of these findings was conducted through RT-qPCR and western blotting techniques. Results: SP significantly enhance the viability of C28 chondrocytes, and increased the secretion of acidic glycoproteins. Moreover, SP stimulated the expression of chondrogenic genes (Aggrecan, Sox9, Col2a1) and facilitated the synthesis of Collagen II protein in C28 inflammatory chondrocytes. In vivo experiments revealed that SP markedly ameliorated knee joint stenosis, alleviated bone and cartilage injuries, and reduced the histopathological scores in the OA rats. μ-CT analysis confirmed that SP lessened bone impairments in the medial femoral condyle and the subchondral bone of the tibial plateau, significantly improving the microarchitectural parameters of the subchondral bone. Histopathological analyses indicated that SP notably enhanced cartilage quality on the surface of the tibial plateau, leading to increased cartilage thickness and area. Immunohistochemistry staining and immunofluorescence staining corroborated these findings by showing a significant promotion of Collagen II expression in OA joints treated with SP. RNA-seq analysis suggest that SP's effects were mediated through the regulation of the ITGβ1-PI3K-AKT signaling axis, thereby stimulating chondrogenesis. Verification through RT-qPCR and Western blot analyses confirmed that SP significantly upregulated the expression of ITGβ1, p110δ, AKT1, ACAN, and Col2a1. Notably, knock-down of ITGβ1 using siRNA in C28 chondrocytes inhibited the expression of ITGβ1, p110δ, AKT1, and ACAN. However, these inhibitory effects were not completely reversed by supplemental SP intervention. Conclusions: In summary, our findings reveal that SP significantly enhances chondrogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, alleviating OA progression both in bone and cartilage. The observed beneficial effects are intricately linked to the activation of the ITGβ1-PI3K-AKT signaling axis. The translational potential of this article: Our research marks the first instance unveiling the advantageous effects and underlying mechanisms of SP in OA treatment. With its clinical prospects, SP presents compelling new evidence for the advancement of a next-generation polysaccharide drug for OA therapy.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X24000688; https://doaj.org/toc/2214-031X

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/eda181797bee4a3d9f19ee747fda822b

المؤلفون: Wendong Sun, Jianqiang Qian, Yingzi Li, Yanan Chen, Zhipeng Dou, Rui Lin, Peng Cheng, Xiaodong Gao, Quan Yuan, Yifan Hu

المصدر: Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 694-703 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: atomic force microscopy, coupled system, higher-order modes, macroscale, multifrequency afm, Technology, Chemical technology, TP1-1185, Science, Physics, QC1-999

الوصف: Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) utilizes the multimode operation of cantilevers to achieve rapid high-resolution imaging and extract multiple properties. However, the higher-order modal response of traditional rectangular cantilever is weaker in air, which affects the sensitivity of multifrequency AFM detection. To address this issue, we previously proposed a bridge/cantilever coupled system model to enhance the higher-order modal response of the cantilever. This model is simpler and less costly than other enhancement methods, making it easier to be widely used. However, previous studies were limited to theoretical analysis and preliminary simulations regarding ideal conditions. In this paper, we undertake a more comprehensive investigation of the coupled system, taking into account the influence of probe and excitation surface sizes on the modal response. To facilitate the exploration of the effectiveness and optimal conditions for the coupled system in practical applications, a macroscale experimental platform is established. By conducting finite element analysis and experiments, we compare the performance of the coupled system with that of traditional cantilevers and quantify the enhancement in higher-order modal response. Also, the optimal conditions for the enhancement of macroscale cantilever modal response are explored. Additionally, we also supplement the characteristics of this model, including increasing the modal frequency of the original cantilever and generating additional resonance peaks, demonstrating the significant potential of the coupled system in various fields of AFM.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2190-4286

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/6166700fead747459b299a503f37db29

المؤلفون: Yize XU, Rui LIN, Siwei WANG

المصدر: 南方能源建设, Vol 11, Iss 3, Pp 117-125 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: nuclear fusion magnet power system, flywheel generator, toroidal field coil, supercapacitor, modular multilevel converter, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, HD9502-9502.5

الوصف: [Introduction] This study aims to develop an efficient and reliable pulse power supply system based on supercapacitors (SC) for toroidal field (TF) coils in nuclear fusion magnet power systems to address high power demands while improving energy storage efficiency and system stability. [Method] A pioneering pulse power supply structure was devised employing Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) technology, leveraging the high power density and swift charging-discharging capabilities of SC as primary energy storage units. This design targeted the high-frequency pulse operation requirements of TF coils. Additionally, the benefits of integrating supercapacitors with MMC technology, including system flexibility and scalability, were explored. [Result] The study demonstrates that the developed power supply system effectively meets the pulse operation requirements of nuclear fusion reactors, guaranteeing efficient energy delivery and conversion. [Conclusion] The supercapacitor-based pulse power supply system offers an efficient energy solution for nuclear fusion devices, enhancing energy conversion efficiency, operational stability and device reliability. Subsequent research will focus on optimizing the power structure and performance for diverse applications.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2095-8676

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/b16f72f2fcde469ca806e538e1c52e05

المؤلفون: Yicui Kang, Simão M. João, Rui Lin, Kang Liu, Li Zhu, Junwei Fu, Weng-Chon (Max) Cheong, Seunghoon Lee, Kilian Frank, Bert Nickel, Min Liu, Johannes Lischner, Emiliano Cortés

المصدر: Nature Communications, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Science

الوصف: Abstract While the role of crystal facets is well known in traditional heterogeneous catalysis, this effect has not yet been thoroughly studied in plasmon-assisted catalysis, where attention has primarily focused on plasmon-derived mechanisms. Here, we investigate plasmon-assisted electrocatalytic CO2 reduction using different shapes of plasmonic Au nanoparticles - nanocube (NC), rhombic dodecahedron (RD), and octahedron (OC) - exposing {100}, {110}, and {111} facets, respectively. Upon plasmon excitation, Au OCs doubled CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) and tripled CO partial current density (jCO) compared to a dark condition, with NCs also improving under illumination. In contrast, Au RDs maintained consistent performance irrespective of light exposure, suggesting minimal influence of light on the reaction. Temperature experiments ruled out heat as the main factor to explain such differences. Atomistic simulations and electromagnetic modeling revealed higher hot carrier abundance and electric field enhancement on Au OCs and NCs than RDs. These effects now dominate the reaction landscape over the crystal facets, thus shifting the reaction sites when comparing dark and plasmon-activated processes. Plasmon-assisted H2 evolution reaction experiments also support these findings. The dominance of low-coordinated sites over facets in plasmonic catalysis suggests key insights for designing efficient photocatalysts for energy conversion and carbon neutralization.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2041-1723

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/df2dca63eaf642a189dffa3d2a5eb01c

المؤلفون: Tianyan Zhong, Hangjin Yi, Jiacheng Gou, Jie Li, Miao Liu, Xing Gao, Sizhu Chen, Hongye Guan, Shan Liang, Qianxiong He, Rui Lin, Zhihe Long, Yue Wang, Chuang Shi, Yang Zhan, Yan Zhang, Lili Xing, Jie Zhong, Xinyu Xue

المصدر: Nature Communications, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Science

الوصف: Abstract The proper axial length of the eye is crucial for achieving emmetropia. In this study, we present a wireless battery-free eye modulation patch designed to correct high myopia and prevent relapse. The patch consists of piezoelectric transducers, an electrochemical micro-actuator, a drug microneedle array, μ-LEDs, a flexible circuit, and biocompatible encapsulation. The system can be wirelessly powered and controlled using external ultrasound. The electrochemical micro-actuator plays a key role in precisely shortening the axial length by driving the posterior sclera inward. This ensures accurate scene imaging on the retina for myopia eye. The drug microneedle array delivers riboflavin to the posterior sclera, and μ-LEDs’ blue light induces collagen cross-linking, reinforcing sclera strength. In vivo experiments demonstrate that the patch successfully reduces the rabbit eye’s axial length by ~1217 μm and increases sclera strength by 387%. The system operates effectively within the body without the need for batteries. Here, we show that the patch offers a promising avenue for clinically treating high myopia.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2041-1723

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/f778de22733d44d08d86ff2a9d27457e

المؤلفون: Qingyun Zhang, Chengbang Wang, Min Qin, Yu Ye, Yingxi Mo, Qinggui Meng, Guanglin Yang, Guanzheng Feng, Rui Lin, Shinan Xian, Jueling Wei, Shaohua Chen, Shan Wang, Zengnan Mo

المصدر: Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 15 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: tumor microenvironment, upper tract urothelial carcinoma, cellular heterogeneity, single-cell RNA sequencing, interaction network, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607

الوصف: BackgroundUpper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) both originate from uroepithelial tissue, sharing remarkably similar clinical manifestations and therapeutic modalities. However, emerging evidence suggests that identical treatment regimens may lead to less favorable outcomes in UTUC compared to BLCA. Therefore, it is imperative to explore molecular processes of UTUC and identify biological differences between UTUC and BLCA.MethodsIn this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on three UTUC cases and four normal ureteral tissues. These data were combined with publicly available datasets from previous BLCA studies and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data for both cancer types. This pooled analysis allowed us to delineate the transcriptional differences among distinct cell subsets within the microenvironment, thus identifying critical factors contributing to UTUC progression and phenotypic differences between UTUC and BLCA.ResultsscRNA-seq analysis revealed seemingly similar but transcriptionally distinct cellular identities within the UTUC and BLCA ecosystems. Notably, we observed striking differences in acquired immunological landscapes and varied cellular functional phenotypes between these two cancers. In addition, we uncovered the immunomodulatory functions of vein endothelial cells (ECs) in UTUC, and intercellular network analysis demonstrated that fibroblasts play important roles in the microenvironment. Further intersection analysis showed that MARCKS promote UTUC progression, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining revealed that the diverse expression patterns of MARCKS in UTUC, BLCA and normal ureter tissues.ConclusionThis study expands our multidimensional understanding of the similarities and distinctions between UTUC and BLCA. Our findings lay the foundation for further investigations to develop diagnostic and therapeutic targets for UTUC.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1298087/full; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/473008aaf76c4db5a7b7aab5e3b4c67c

المؤلفون: Xiao Xiao Li, Maierhaba Maitiyaer, Qing Tan, Wen Hui Huang, Yu Liu, Zhi Ping Liu, Yue Qiang Wen, Yu Zheng, Xing Chen, Rui Lin Chen, Yi Tao, Shui Lian Yu

المصدر: Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 15 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Sjögren’s syndrome, extraglandular symptom, biologic therapies, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, cytokines and chemokines, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950

الوصف: Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction, leading to dry eyes and mouth. Despite growing interest in biologic therapies for pSS, FDA approval has proven challenging due to trial complications. This review addresses the absence of a molecular-target-based approach to biologic therapy development and highlights novel research on drug targets and clinical trials. A literature search identified potential pSS treatment targets and recent advances in molecular understanding. Overlooking extraglandular symptoms like fatigue and depression is a notable gap in trials. Emerging biologic agents targeting cytokines, signal pathways, and immune responses have proven efficacy. These novel therapies could complement existing methods for symptom alleviation. Improved grading systems accounting for extraglandular symptoms are needed. The future of pSS treatment may involve gene, stem-cell, and tissue-engineering therapies. This narrative review offers insights into advancing pSS management through innovative biologic interventions.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1377055/full; https://doaj.org/toc/1663-9812

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/ea79fb751ac4415ca87f0448a43dfbf1

المؤلفون: Limin Liu, Yulin Ye, Rui Lin, Tianyu Liu, Sinan Wang, Zelin Feng, Xiaoli Wang, Hailong Cao, Xin Chen, Junming Miao, Yifei Liu, Kui Jiang, Zhibo Han, Zongjin Li, Xiaocang Cao

المصدر: Cell Communication and Signaling, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Exosomes, Stem cells, Ferroptosis, Therapeutic target, Signalling pathway, Iron metabolism, Medicine, Cytology, QH573-671

الوصف: Abstract Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death that is featured in a wide range of diseases. Exosome therapy is a promising therapeutic option that has attracted much attention due to its low immunogenicity, low toxicity, and ability to penetrate biological barriers. In addition, emerging evidence indicates that exosomes possess the ability to modulate the progression of diverse diseases by regulating ferroptosis in damaged cells. Hence, the mechanism by which cell-derived and noncellular-derived exosomes target ferroptosis in different diseases through the system Xc−/GSH/GPX4 axis, NAD(P)H/FSP1/CoQ10 axis, iron metabolism pathway and lipid metabolism pathway associated with ferroptosis, as well as its applications in liver disease, neurological diseases, lung injury, heart injury, cancer and other diseases, are summarized here. Additionally, the role of exosome-regulated ferroptosis as an emerging repair mechanism for damaged tissues and cells is also discussed, and this is expected to be a promising treatment direction for various diseases in the future. Video Abstract

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1478-811X

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/473882418c114cca9cc6e9c7d8e78abe

المؤلفون: Rui Lin, Ying Zhang, Xue Zhu, Xueyun Chen

المصدر: IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 6088-6099 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Boundary information, dual linear attention, feature capture, remote sensing images, semantic segmentation, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971

الوصف: Semantic segmentation of urban remote sensing images is a highly challenging task. Due to the complex background, occlusion overlap, and small-scale targets in urban remote sensing images, the semantic segmentation results suffer from deficiencies such as similar target confusion, blurred target boundaries, and small-scale target omission. To solve the above problems, a local-global feature capture and boundary information refinement Swin Transformer segmentor (LGBSwin) is proposed. First, the dual linear attention module (DLAM) utilizes spatial linear attention and channel linear attention mechanisms for strengthening global modeling capabilities to improve the segmentation ability of similar targets. Second, boundary-aware enhancement (BAE) adaptively mines the boundary semantic information through the effective integration of high-level and low-level features to alleviate blurred boundaries. Finally, feature refinement aggregation (FRA) establishes information relationships between different layers, reduces the loss of local information, and enhances local-global dependence, thus significantly improving the recognition ability of small targets. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of LGBSwin, with an F1 of 91.02% on the ISPRS Vaihingen dataset and 93.35% on the ISPRS Potsdam dataset.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10382529/; https://doaj.org/toc/2169-3536

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/04bdbcadd492410d98749f038d835454

المؤلفون: Rui Lin, Hui Jin, Xin Fu

المصدر: Expert Review of Vaccines, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp 1168-1178 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Human papillomavirus, network meta-analysis, persistent infection, vaccines, vaccine efficacy, Internal medicine, RC31-1245

الوصف: ABSTRACTObjectives Despite their use, differences in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine efficacies remain uncertain. This study assesses efficacy differences among bivalent, quadrivalent, and nine-valent HPV (2vHPV, 4vHPV, and 9vHPV) vaccines.Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing HPV vaccine efficacy against persistent infection (≥6 months) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). Network meta-analysis yielded direct and indirect comparisons. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were reported, and robustness was evaluated via sensitivity analysis.Results In 11 randomized controlled trials with 58,881 healthy women, for persistent infection with HPV 16, 9vHPV was most effective at 97% (RR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01–0.08); for HPV 18, 2vHPV (Cecolin) was most effective at 98% (RR = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00–0.29); for CIN2+ associated with HPV 16 and 18, 4vHPV was most effective at 99% (RR = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00–0.10) and 97% (RR = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.00–0.45), respectively; for persistent infection with HPV 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58, 9vHPV was ≥ 95% effective; both 2vHPV vaccines were cross-effective against HPV 31, 33, and 45; and 4vHPV was cross-effective against HPV 31.Conclusions HPV vaccine efficacies differ for different HPV types. Additional data are needed to determine the cross-efficacy of 2vHPV (Cecolin).

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/1476-0584; https://doaj.org/toc/1744-8395

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/162b3aac984f4530ab0df01e32b445bd