المؤلفون: Donovan, Alexandra, Assari, Shervin, Grella, Christine, Shaheen, Magda, Richter, Linda, Friedman, Theodore C

مصطلحات موضوعية: Paediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Women's Health, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Pediatric, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, Neurosciences, Mental Health, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Substance Misuse, Mental Illness, Social Determinants of Health, Brain Disorders, Aetiology, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Substance-Related Disorders, Adolescent, Sex Characteristics, Neurosecretory Systems, Male, Female, Stress, Psychological, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Adolescent Development, Sex, Adolescence, HPA, HPG, Mood, Substance use, Stress, Adversity, Clinical Sciences, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Biological psychology

الوصف: Early life stress (ELS) is defined as an acute or chronic stressor that negatively impacts a child's development. ELS is associated with substance use and mental health problems. This narrative literature review focuses on sex and gender differences in the effects of ELS on 1) adolescent neuroendocrine development; 2) pubertal brain maturation; and 3) development of internalizing symptoms and subsequent substance use. We posit that ELS may generate larger hormonal dysregulation in females than males during puberty, increasing internalizing symptoms and substance use. Future research should consider sex and gender differences in neuroendocrine developmental processes when studying the link between ELS and negative health outcomes.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84j068jj
https://escholarship.org/content/qt84j068jj/qt84j068jj.pdf

المؤلفون: Wu, Yanyuan, Karapetyan, Eduard, Dutta, Pranabananda, Shaheen, Magda, Vadgama, Jaydutt V

المصدر: Journal of Clinical Medicine. 13(6)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Prevention, Breast Cancer, Aging, Cancer, Obesity, Diabetes, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Metabolic and endocrine, comorbidity, breast cancer, cytokines, African American, Latin American, Clinical Sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences

الوصف: Background: Comorbid chronic diseases, such as obesity, Type-2 Diabetes (T2D), and hypertension (HTN), are major public health issues and highly prevalent among underserved African Americans (AA) and Latin Americans (LA). Elevated inflammatory cytokines are underlying processes in comorbidities (obesity, T2D, and HTN) that could contribute to tumorigenesis and adverse cancer outcomes. Methods: A panel of 19 cytokines was measured by Luminex assay from 570 AA and LA women's serum samples. The comorbidities and breast cancer information were extracted from our existing clinical database. Comorbidity-associated cytokines were identified by linear regression analysis, and the odds ratios of increasing cytokines for breast cancer were evaluated by Logistic regression. Results: Women with obesity, T2D, and HTN elevated specific groups of cytokines. EGF, MCP1, MDC, MIP-1b, and Groα were independent of T2D and HTN significantly associated with obesity. TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 were T2D-associated cytokines, and MIB-1b, TNFα, and VEGFα were HTN-associated cytokines. Among those comorbidity-associated cytokines, CXCL1, CCL4, CXCL10, TNFα, TGFβ1, and TGFβ2 were also significantly associated with breast cancer diagnosed at age < 50. Two or more comorbidities further increased the levels of Groα, MIP-1b, TNFα, and TGFβs. Conclusions: Comorbidity-associate cytokines could augment the risk of breast cancer for AA and LA women.

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URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/90c9w2jf

المؤلفون: Bangaru, Saroja, Sundaresh, Ram, Lee, Anna, Prause, Nicole, Hao, Frank, Dong, Tien S, Tincopa, Monica, Cholankeril, George, Rich, Nicole E, Kawamoto, Jenna, Bhattacharya, Debika, Han, Steven B, Patel, Arpan A, Shaheen, Magda, Benhammou, Jihane N

المصدر: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 68(12)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Hepatitis, Biomedical Imaging, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Digestive Diseases, Prevention, Liver Disease, Clinical Research, Genetics, 4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Elasticity Imaging Techniques, Liver, Veterans, Electronic Health Records, Prospective Studies, ROC Curve, Liver Diseases, Alcoholic, Biopsy, Liver Cirrhosis, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Prediction, Model, Elastography, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Clinical sciences

الوصف: Background and aimsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has reached pandemic proportions. Early detection can identify at-risk patients who can be linked to hepatology care. The vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is biopsy validated to diagnose hepatic steatosis (HS). We aimed to develop a novel clinical predictive algorithm for HS using the CAP score at a Veterans' Affairs hospital.MethodsWe identified 403 patients in the Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System with valid VCTEs during 1/2018-6/2020. Patients with alcohol-associated liver disease, genotype 3 hepatitis C, any malignancies, or liver transplantation were excluded. Linear regression was used to identify predictors of NAFLD. To identify a CAP threshold for HS detection, receiver operating characteristic analysis was applied using liver biopsy, MRI, and ultrasound as the gold standards.ResultsThe cohort was racially/ethnically diverse (26% Black/African American; 20% Hispanic). Significant positive predictors of elevated CAP score included diabetes, cholesterol, triglycerides, BMI, and self-identifying as Hispanic. Our predictions of CAP scores using this model strongly correlated (r = 0.61, p

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URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vt7z812

المؤلفون: Kibe, Lucy W, Bazargan, Mohsen, Bosah, Adaobi, Schrode, Katrina M, Kuo, Yufu, Andikrah, Edward, Shaheen, Magda

المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 20(7)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Prevention, Cancer, Aging, Nutrition, Zero Hunger, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Black or African American, COVID-19, Diet, Eating, Pandemics, United States, Aged, Food Insecurity, Middle Aged, Nutrition Assessment, Geriatric Assessment, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Access to Healthy Foods, African American, diet quality, food environment, food insecurity, older adults, Toxicology

الوصف: Confusing health messages and environmental changes intended to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus have affected the dietary behavior of older African Americans. We investigated the impact of COVID-19-related factors on diet quality and the relationship between food access and diet quality. We surveyed 150 African Americans aged 55 years and above during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data obtained included socio-demographic and health information, and COVID-19-related knowledge and perceptions. Dietary intake data was obtained using the Diet History Questionnaire III. Analyses included bivariate and multivariable statistics. Overall, based on United States Department of Agriculture guidelines, the diet quality of older African Americans was poor. Lower knowledge and a lower perceived threat of COVID-19 were significantly associated with poor diet quality. Additionally, older African Americans with chronic diseases and food insecurity had poor diet quality. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the fragility of diet quality. The combined impact of poor knowledge and perceived threat of COVID-19, chronic disease, and food insecurity contribute to poor diet quality in this population. This study adds to the well-known need for strategies to support the right to a healthy diet, particularly during COVID-19 and future pandemics. Proactive interventions to counteract the potential consequences of poor diets are needed.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0km3w1sw

المؤلفون: Ullah, Shakir, Khan, Shahbaz, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Ramirez, Ernesto, Teklehaimanot, Senait, Diab, Sara, Bangash, Maria, Shaheen, Magda

المصدر: Health Promotion Perspectives. 13(2)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Antihypertensive agents, Blood pressure control, Comorbidity, Gender differences, Hypertension, Medication adherence, Racial disparities

الوصف: BACKGROUND: Although effective antihypertensive medications have existed for decades, only about half of the hypertensive individuals are considered to have controlled blood pressure. Limited research studies have investigated gender disparity in the utilization and effectiveness of antihypertensive medications treatment. To examine the gender difference in antihypertensive medications use and the effect of using antihypertensive medication treatment on blood pressure control among the U.S. adult with hypertension. METHODS: Analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from (1999-2012) including individuals≥18 years old with hypertension. Study variables included gender, age, race/ethnicity, obesity, smoking, comorbidities, treatment medication type, and continuity of care. We used multivariate logistic regression in STATA V14. The data is presented as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Of the 15719 participants, 52% were female. 49% of the antihypertensive medication users had their blood pressure under control (95% CI). In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, use of antihypertensive medications was found to be 12% greater in females as compared to males (OR=1.12; CI=1.02-1.22; P

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5dg0f6m6

المؤلفون: Kibe, Lucy W, Schrode, Katrina, Bazargan, Mohsen, Shaheen, Magda

مصطلحات موضوعية: Public Health, Health Sciences, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Coronaviruses, Clinical Research, Obesity, Health Disparities, Behavioral and Social Science, Nutrition, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Cardiovascular, Oral and gastrointestinal, Metabolic and endocrine, Zero Hunger, Humans, Black or African American, Chronic Disease, COVID-19, Diet, Food Insecurity, Pandemics, United States, diet quality, food insecurity, food environment, African American, older adults, healthy eating index, Public Health and Health Services, Health services and systems, Public health

الوصف: IntroductionA high quality diet is vital in promoting wellbeing and ensuring good health, particularly for those living with chronic conditions. Older African Americans, already burdened with a higher prevalence of chronic conditions, also face a higher risk for suboptimal diets. The COVID-19 pandemic had lasting effects on access to healthy food for all Americans, but some demographic groups were disproportionately affected. Older African Americans, who already experienced reduced access to healthy food pre-pandemic, were particularly afflicted, but the full extent of the pandemic's impact on their food insecurity and food environment remains unclear.MethodsTo address this gap, we conducted a study among 102 older African Americans in South Los Angeles between October 2021 and July 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed surveys on dietary intake, food insecurity, and neighborhood food environment. We measured dietary quality using the healthy eating index (HEI)-2015. The analysis included descriptive, bivariate chi-square, t-tests, analysis of variance, and multiple linear and logistic regression.ResultsWhile overall dietary quality was suboptimal, most participants met the guidelines for fruit and vegetable consumption. Food insecurity was associated with lower overall diet quality and lower total fruit and whole fruit intake. However, there was no association between food environment and diet quality.DiscussionIn light of our findings, further intervention is critical to improving diet quality, especially among older African Americans living with chronic conditions in the post-pandemic era.

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URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1dp4p5vs
https://escholarship.org/content/qt1dp4p5vs/qt1dp4p5vs.pdf

المؤلفون: Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Shirazi, Anaheed, Hampton, David, Pan, Deyu, Askharinam, Daniel, Shaheen, Magda, Ebrahim, Gul, Shervington, Denese

المصدر: BMC Psychiatry. 23(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Schizophrenia, Behavioral and Social Science, Health Services, Serious Mental Illness, Clinical Research, Mental Health, Brain Disorders, Mental health, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Ambulatory Care, Black People, Correlation of Data, Ethnicity, Psychotic Disorders, United States, Healthcare Disparities, Health Inequities, Racial disparity, Ambulatory care visits, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Psychology, Psychiatry, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology, Clinical and health psychology

الوصف: BackgroundOne of the most consistent research findings related to race and mental health diseases is the disproportionately high rate of psychotic disorder diagnoses among people of color, specifically people of African descent. It is important to examine if a similar pattern exists among specific psychotic disorders. We aimed to examine the racial/ethnic differences in ambulatory care visits diagnosed with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSDs).MethodsWe analyzed data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) 2010-2015. The study sample included physician office-based visits by individuals diagnosed with SSDs, including schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and unspecified psychotic disorder (n = 1155). We used descriptive and bivariate analysis by race/ethnicity and three multinomial logistic regression models to test the association between the SSDs and race/ethnicity, adjusting for age, gender, insurance, disposition, medication Rx, and co-morbidity, considering the design and weight.ResultOf the 1155 visits for SSDs, 44.8% had schizophrenia, 37.4% had schizoaffective disorder diagnosis, and 19.0% had unspecified psychosis disorder. We found significant racial disparities in the diagnosis of SSDs. Black patients were overrepresented in all three categories: schizophrenia (24%), schizoaffective disorder (17%), and unspecified psychosis disorder (26%). Also, a notable percentage of Black patients (20%) were referred to another physician in cases of schizophrenia compared to other ethnoracial groups (p

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URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2cz9m3jb

المؤلفون: Shaheen, Magda, Schrode, Katrina M, Tedlos, Marielle, Pan, Deyu, Najjar, Sonia M, Friedman, Theodore C

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medical Physiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Prevention, Social Determinants of Health, Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis, Diabetes, Digestive Diseases, Liver Disease, Hepatitis, Nutrition, Health Disparities, Good Health and Well Being, NAFLD severity, NHANES 2017–2018, diabetes, gender, prediabetes, race/ethnicity, Physiology, Psychology, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medical physiology

الوصف: Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) exhibits a racial disparity. We examined the prevalence and the association between race, gender, and NAFLD among prediabetes and diabetes populations among adults in the United States. Methods: We analyzed data for 3,190 individuals ≥18 years old from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018. NAFLD was diagnosed by FibroScan® using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) values: S0 (none) < 238, S1 (mild) = 238-259, S2 (moderate) = 260-290, S3 (severe) > 290. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for confounding variables and considering the design and sample weights. Results: Of the 3,190 subjects, the prevalence of NAFLD was 82.6%, 56.4%, and 30.5% (p < 0.0001) among diabetes, prediabetes and normoglycemia populations respectively. Mexican American males with prediabetes or diabetes had the highest prevalence of severe NAFLD relative to other racial/ethnic groups (p < 0.05). In the adjusted model, among the total, prediabetes, and diabetes populations, a one unit increase in HbA1c was associated with higher odds of severe NAFLD [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.8, 95% confidence level (CI) = 1.4-2.3, p < 0.0001; AOR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1-4.4, p = 0.033; and AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-1.9, p = 0.003 respectively]. Conclusion: We found that prediabetes and diabetes populations had a high prevalence and higher odds of NAFLD relative to the normoglycemic population and HbA1c is an independent predictor of NAFLD severity in prediabetes and diabetes populations. Healthcare providers should screen prediabetes and diabetes populations for early detection of NAFLD and initiate treatments including lifestyle modification to prevent the progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis or liver cancer.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3088j9mf
https://escholarship.org/content/qt3088j9mf/qt3088j9mf.pdf

المؤلفون: Kibe, Lucy W.^{Aff1, IDs40615023016578_cor1}, Bosah, Adaobi, Schrode, Katrina M., Kuo, Yufu, Shaheen, Magda, Adinkra, Edward, Sanchez, Humberto, Bazargan, Mohsen^{Aff1, Aff4, Aff6}

المصدر: Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities. :1-12

المؤلفون: Shaheen, Magda, Kibe, Lucy W, Schrode, Katrina M

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition, Clinical Research, Diabetes, Prevention, Metabolic and endocrine, Zero Hunger, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diet, Food Security, Glycemic Control, Humans, Nutrition Surveys, Young Adult, Food insecurity, Diet quality, NHANES, Type 2 diabetes, Clinical sciences, Nutrition and dietetics

الوصف: Background and aimsNutritionally adequate diets can slow the progression of diabetes, but adherence to recommended dietary choices can be hindered by food insecurity. We examined the relationship between dietary quality, food insecurity, and glycemic control among adults with Type 2 Diabetes.MethodsWe analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2016) for 1682 adults =>20 years old with Type 2 diabetes. Glycemic control was measured by HbA1c. Dietary quality was computed using the Healthy Eating Index 2015 score. Food security was assessed by a questionnaire. We analyzed the data using multinomial regression models.ResultsAbout 16% of the population had an HbA1c ≥ 9; 31.8% had food insecurity; 68.3% consumed a poor quality diet. About 24% consumed a poor quality diet and had food insecurity. In the multinomial model, an HbA1c of 8-

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8wd6d368