-
1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Richard Winder, Frances E. C. Stewart, Silke Nebel, Eliot J. B. McIntire, Andrew Dyk, Kangakola Omendja
المصدر: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol 8 (2020)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Rangifer tarandus, policy, conservation, risk, landscape, decision support, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
الوصف: Boreal caribou (Woodland Caribou, boreal population; Rangifer tarandus caribou) is a prominent mammal at the heart of a decades-long conflict between a growing resource sector and the associated risks to biodiversity. We employed the ISO 31010 Bow-tie Risk Assessment Tool (BRAT) to evaluate the cumulative effects of anthropogenic and natural factors that may affect risks to self-sustainability in boreal caribou herds of Northeastern British Columbia. We used the BRAT to produce a visual synthesis of the cumulative effects causing the growth rate of boreal caribou herds to persistently fall below a level corresponding to a 60% chance of self-sustainability (λ < 1.025). The BRAT diagram provided the basis for a quantitative Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) of risk probabilities for three caribou herds. We combined threat assessments from the Species at Risk Act recovery strategy (Environment Canada, 2012) with data from published landscape experiments (e.g., restoration of seismic traces, maternal penning, and wolf culls) to parameterize the LOPA in three study areas. We report the implications of a combination of mitigation options vs. current risk conditions, as well as the implications of uncertainty in threat prevention. Our analysis indicates that a combination of mitigation scenarios will best facilitate caribou herd recovery, that barriers preventing predation threats could also aid in recovery success, and that compensatory predation may account for a significant proportion of both adult and juvenile female mortality across different herds. We estimated the minimum annual cost for effective mitigation and recovery to be $CDN 224K within any of the study areas. Bow-tie diagrams are a flexible and quantifiable tool that can translate resource management solutions to the diverse audience involved in conservation decision-making: scientists, land managers, policy makers, and concerned stakeholders.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
-
2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Silke Nebel, James Casey, Marc-André Cyr, Kevin J. Kardynal, Elizabeth A. Krebs, Elisabeth F. Purves, Marc Bélisle, R. Mark. Brigham, Elly C. Knight, Christy Morrissey, Robert G. Clark
المصدر: Avian Conservation and Ecology, Vol 15, Iss 1, p 23 (2020)
مصطلحات موضوعية: aerial insectivores, agriculture, climate change, forestry, insects, land use change, pesticides, policy gapsmots clés: agriculture, changement climatique, changement d'affectation des terres, failles entre les politiques, foresterie, insectes, insectivores aériens, Ecology, QH540-549.5
وصف الملف: electronic resource
-
3دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Jeff Brick, Silke Nebel, Van Lantz, Ryan Trenholm
المصدر: Agricultural & Environmental Letters, Vol 1, Iss 1 (2016)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Agriculture, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
الوصف: Environmental decisions taken by farmers often depend on their age, gender, and formal education. Changes in these demographic variables are therefore important for designing long-term environmental policies. However, studies on the effect of demographic variables on environmental behavior often show conflicting results. Here, we used mail survey data ( = 3069) to determine whether education levels of landowners in rural southwestern Ontario, Canada, varied with age, gender, and occupation (“farmer” or “non-farmer”). Education level increased with decreasing age in all landowners with the exception of male farmers, where the opposite trend was observed. This striking result highlights the importance of taking into account interactions among demographic variables. The unexpected decrease in education level in young male farmers is cause for concern and may need to be taken into consideration by policymakers in the design and implementation of agri-environmental programming.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
-
4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Silke Nebel, Alex Mills, Jon D. McCracken, Philip D. Taylor
المصدر: Avian Conservation and Ecology, Vol 5, Iss 2, p 1 (2010)
مصطلحات موضوعية: aerial insectivores, geographical gradient, migration distance, migratory birds, North American Breeding Bird Survey, population decline, Ecology, QH540-549.5
الوصف: North American birds that feed on aerial insects are experiencing widespread population declines. An analysis of the North American Breeding Bird Survey trend estimates for 1966 to 2006 suggests that declines in this guild are significantly stronger than in passerines in general. The pattern of decline also shows a striking geographical gradient, with aerial insectivore declines becoming more prevalent towards the northeast of North America. Declines are also more acute in species that migrate long distances compared to those that migrate short distances. The declines become manifest, almost without exception, in the mid 1980s. The taxonomic breadth of these downward trends suggests that declines in aerial insectivore populations are linked to changes in populations of flying insects, and these changes might be indicative of underlying ecosystem changes.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
-
5
-
6
المؤلفون: Kangakola Omendja, Silke Nebel, Richard S. Winder, Eliot J. B. McIntire, Andrew Dyk, Frances E. C. Stewart
المصدر: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol 8 (2020)
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Risk analysis, decision support, Population, lcsh:Evolution, Land management, Rangifer tarandus caribou, Species at Risk Act, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, lcsh:QH540-549.5, biology.animal, lcsh:QH359-425, Woodland caribou, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, risk, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, conservation, Cumulative effects, landscape, Rangifer tarandus, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Boreal, lcsh:Ecology, business, policy
الوصف: Boreal caribou (Woodland Caribou, boreal population; Rangifer tarandus caribou) is a prominent mammal at the heart of a decades-long conflict between a growing resource sector and the associated risks to biodiversity. We employed the ISO 31010 Bow-tie Risk Assessment Tool (BRAT) to evaluate the cumulative effects of anthropogenic and natural factors that may affect the risk of self-sustainability to the boreal caribou herds of Northeastern British Columbia. We used the BRAT to produce a visual synthesis of the cumulative effects causing the growth rate of boreal caribou herds to persistently fall below a level corresponding to a 60% chance of being self-sustaining (λ < 1.025). The BRAT diagram provided the basis for a quantitative Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) of risk probabilities for three caribou herds. We combined threat assessments from the Species at Risk Act recovery strategy (Environment Canada 2012) with data from published landscape experiments (e.g. restoration of seismic traces, maternal penning, and wolf culls) to parameterize the LOPA in three study areas. We report the implications of a combination of mitigation options versus current risk conditions, as well as the implications of uncertainty in threat prevention. Our analysis indicates that a combination of mitigation scenarios will best facilitate caribou herd recovery, that barriers preventing predation threats could also aid in recovery success, and that compensatory predation may account for a significant proportion of both adult and juvenile female mortality across different herds. We estimated the minimum annual cost for effective mitigation and recovery to be $CDN 224K within any of the study areas. Bow-tie diagrams are a flexible and quantifiable tool that can translate resource management solutions to the diverse audience involved in conservation decision-making: scientists, land managers, policy makers, and concerned stakeholders.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::26d175a091c82a0cbc0c73ccb4301df1
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00001 -
7
المؤلفون: Ryan Trenholm, Jeff Brick, Silke Nebel, Van Lantz
المصدر: Environmental management. 60(3)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Conservation of Natural Resources, Forest management, 010501 environmental sciences, Social Environment, 01 natural sciences, Set-aside, 0502 economics and business, Natural heritage, Humans, Program Development, Socioeconomics, Social Behavior, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Response rate (survey), Ontario, Global and Planetary Change, Government, Motivation, Ecology, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Environmental resource management, Social environment, 15. Life on land, Pollution, Outreach, Attitude, Wetlands, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, Business, Stewardship
الوصف: Loss of natural heritage is a problem that is particularly prevalent in areas of high population density. We used a survey to understand the factors that drive environmental behavior of landowners in southwestern Ontario, Canada. The survey, which contained questions about environmental attitude, pro-environmental behavior and demographics, was mailed to 18,090 rural route addresses, and we received 3256 completed surveys (18% response rate). Two types of environmental behavior, namely voluntarily increasing the area of land set aside for conservation, and enrollment in a conservation stewardship program, were significantly correlated with a positive attitude towards conservation. Financial considerations also played a role. We showed that the biggest motivator to enroll in a wetland enhancement program was access to 'more information on how the decline in wetland area affects them personally', while 'public recognition' was the least motivating factor. We suggest that enrollment in voluntary land stewardship programs might be increased by providing information about the effects of ecosystem loss, and by providing financial incentives for participation. In a larger social context, outreach programs by government agencies could focus on improving pro-environmental attitudes, which in turn is likely to result in more pro-environmental behavior of landowners.
-
8
المصدر: Animal Biology. 63:233-240
مصطلحات موضوعية: Innate immune system, Energetic cost, Zoology, Immunosenescence, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Increased risk, Immune system, Philomachus pugnax, Immunology, Trait, Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Function (biology)
الوصف: Immunosenescence, the decline of immune function with age, results in increased risk of infection as an individual ages. The underlying reasons are still poorly understood. Here, we ask whether the rate of decline of an immune indicator is positively correlated with the cost of maintaining it, as predicted by optimal resource allocation theory. Using 30 female ruffs Philomachus pugnax ranging in age from 0.5-12 years we found no effect of age on five indicators of constitutive innate immunity, which is cheap to use and maintain. Body temperature increase following injection with lipopolysaccharide is an indicator of induced innate immunity, which is energetically expensive, and showed a curvilinear relationship with age, with a maximum in middle-aged birds. Our results suggest that changes in immune function with age may depend on the energetic cost of using an immune trait.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::2611bd1a62804f18ffa60888b5d7ffc0
https://doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002409 -
9
المؤلفون: Ulf Bauchinger, Alexander R. Gerson, Lillie A. Langlois, Silke Nebel, Christopher G. Guglielmo, Deborah M. Buehler, Michelle Boyles, Scott R. McWilliams, Edwin R. Price
المصدر: Journal of Experimental Biology. 215:272-278
مصطلحات موضوعية: Sturnus vulgaris, Physiology, Strenuous exercise, wind tunnel, Motor Activity, Aquatic Science, constitutive immune function, life-history trade-off, Songbirds, Flight duration, Immune system, Leukocytes, Animals, Flight training, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ontario, Haptoglobins, biology, Ecology, Haptoglobin, Complement System Proteins, biology.organism_classification, Immunity, Innate, European starlings, migratory flight, Sturnus, Flight, Animal, Insect Science, biology.protein, Animal Migration, Animal Science and Zoology, Energy allocation
الوصف: SUMMARY Life-history theory predicts that animals face a trade-off in energy allocation between performing strenuous exercise, such as migratory flight, and mounting an immune response. We experimentally tested this prediction by studying immune function in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, flown in a wind tunnel. Specifically, we predicted that constitutive immune function decreases in response to training and, additionally, in response to immediate exercise. We compared constitutive immune function among three groups: (1) ‘untrained’ birds that were kept in cages and were not flown; (2) ‘trained’ birds that received flight training over a 15 day period and performed a 1-4 h continuous flight, after which they rested for 48 h before being sampled; and (3) ‘post-flight’ birds that differed from the ‘trained’ group only in being sampled immediately after the final flight. A bird in our trained group represents an individual during migration that has been resting between migratory flights for at least 2 days. A bird in our post-flight group represents an individual that has just completed a migratory flight and has not yet had time to recover. Three of our four indicators (haptoglobin, agglutination and lysis) showed the predicted decrease in immune function in the post-flight group, and two indicators (haptoglobin, agglutination) showed the predicted decreasing trend from the untrained to trained to post-flight group. Haptoglobin levels were negatively correlated with flight duration. No effect of training or flight was detected on leukocyte profiles. Our results suggest that in European starlings, constitutive immune function is decreased more as a result of immediate exercise than of exercise training. Because of the recent emergence of avian-borne diseases, understanding the trade-offs and challenges faced by long-distance migrants has gained a new level of relevance and urgency.
URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f31fcf04c10751464381363c66f9775d
https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.057885 -
10
المؤلفون: Richard T. Kingsford, John L. Porter, Silke Nebel
المصدر: Biological Conservation. 141:971-980
مصطلحات موضوعية: education.field_of_study, Charadriiformes, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Population, Flooding (psychology), Bird migration, Wetland, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Habitat, Period (geology), Extraction (military), education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
الوصف: Shorebirds (Charadriiformes) and their wetland habitats are under threat worldwide. While data exist for shorebird population trends for many parts of the world, two thirds of Australia’s populations have not been assessed. We report the results of a large-scale aerial shorebird survey, sampling about a third of the Australian continent over a period of 24 years (1983–2006). Migratory shorebirds have declined by 73%, Australian resident shorebirds by 81%. Of the 10 wetlands supporting the highest number of shorebirds within the survey bands, eight were inland wetlands and only two coastal, emphasising the importance of inland wetlands for shorebirds. Wetland area decreased significantly at four of the 10 main sites. Annual rainfall showed no trends (1983–2005) but water extraction was substantial for four of the 10 wetlands, contributing to reduced flooding extent and frequency. Loss of wetlands due to river regulation is a significant contributor to the drastic decline in shorebird numbers in Australia, largely unrecognized in international conservation agreements in Australia.
Full Text Finder 
Find this article in full text from Springer Verlag.