المؤلفون: Mohammed H; Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand., Kumar R Jr; Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand., Bennani H; School of Information Technology, Otago Polytechnic, Dunedin, New Zealand., Perry J; Hospital Dental Service, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand., Halberstadt JB; Department head, Faculty of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand., Farella M; Discipline of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Discipline of Orthodontics, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. Electronic address: mauro.farella@otago.ac.nz.

المصدر: American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics [Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop] 2023 Jul; Vol. 164 (1), pp. 14-23. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 24.

نوع المنشور: Observational Study; Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8610224 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-6752 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08895406 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Smiling* , Malocclusion*/therapy, Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Humans ; Quality of Life ; Esthetics, Dental ; Self Concept

مستخلص: Introduction: This observational study investigated the relationship between malocclusion and smiling.
Methods: Adolescents and young adults (n = 72; aged 16-25 years) were identified according to their Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and allocated to 3 groups: (1) malocclusion group (n = 24; DAI ≥31), (2) retention group (n = 24; pretreatment DAI ≥31) with a prior malocclusion that had been corrected by orthodontic treatment, (3) control group with no-to-minor malocclusion (n = 24; DAI ≤25). Participants were requested to watch an amusing video. Based on the Facial Action Coding System, automated pattern recognition was used to detect smile episodes and assess their frequency, duration, genuineness, intensity, and extent of tooth show. Demographics, Big Five personality dimensions, and self-perceived smile esthetics-related quality of life were collected from all participants via questionnaires. Data were analyzed by mixed-model analysis and adjusted for possible confounders.
Results: Patients from the malocclusion and retention groups smiled significantly less than participants from the control group, with the duration of smiles and smiling time being around half those of control subjects. Smile genuineness, smile intensity, and teeth shown did not differ across groups. Personality traits did not differ significantly among the 3 groups, whereas the malocclusion group scored around 30% less for dental self-confidence than the other 2 groups.
Conclusions: Patients with severe malocclusion tend to smile less, but the features of their smiles are similar to those without malocclusion. A lower propensity to smile in patients with a corrected malocclusion may persist after orthodontic treatment.
(Copyright © 2023 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

المؤلفون: Booysen B; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa., Baron RH; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa., Uys A; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa.

المصدر: Clinical and experimental dental research [Clin Exp Dent Res] 2023 Jun; Vol. 9 (3), pp. 455-463. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 18.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101692332 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2057-4347 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20574347 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Exp Dent Res Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Esthetics, Dental* , Smiling*, Male ; Female ; Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; South Africa ; Gingiva ; Cadaver

مستخلص: Introduction: The purpose of this study is to establish the efficacy of Yonsei point in the treatment of a gummy smile in a White South African population. The accurate surface anatomy criteria in relation to the underlying musculature for the administration of Botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of gummy smile was determined.
Materials and Methods: Nineteen (10 males and 9 females) cadavers were selected for facial dissection. Facial profile photographs were taken before and after dissection. The before and after photographs were overlayed to determine where the pin positions should be on the dissected cadaver to determine the Yonsei point. The levator labii superioris (LLS), LLS alaeque nasi (LLSAN), zygomaticus minor, and zygomaticus major muscles were measured using a protractor and ruler, which accounted for the manual measurements. Digital measurements were measured by importing dissected images into ImageJ. Circles with a 2 cm diameter (1 cm radius) were constructed to determine whether the Yonsei point could successfully influence muscles fibers.
Results: Digital and manual measurements show comparable results with high correlation and reliability. Results showed that the White South African population had narrower facial musculature angles as compared with the Korean population.
Conclusion: Based on the selected sample, the Yonsei point is an ineffective injection site for the successful treatment of gummy smile in a White South African population.
(© 2023 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Dental Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

المؤلفون: Morato C; Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain., Guerra P; Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain., Bublatzky F; Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.

المصدر: Psychophysiology [Psychophysiology] 2023 Jun; Vol. 60 (6), pp. e14273. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 22.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0142657 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1540-5958 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00485772 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychophysiology Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Facial Expression* , Smiling*, Humans ; Fear ; Affect ; Learning

مستخلص: Recent studies on fear conditioning and pain perception suggest that pictures of loved ones (e.g., a romantic partner) may serve as a prepared safety cue that is less likely to signal aversive events. Challenging this view, we examined whether pictures of smiling or angry loved ones are better safety or threat cues. To this end, 47 healthy participants were verbally instructed that specific facial expressions (e.g., happy faces) cue threat of electric shocks and others cue safety (e.g., angry faces). When facial images served as threat cues, they elicited distinct psychophysiological defensive responses (e.g., increased threat ratings, startle reflex, and skin conductance responses) compared to viewing safety cues. Interestingly, instructed threat effects occurred regardless of the person who cued shock threat (partner vs. unknown) and their facial expression (happy vs. angry). Taken together, these results demonstrate the flexible nature of facial information (i.e., facial expression and facial identity) to be easily learned as signals for threat or safety, even when showing loved ones.
(© 2023 The Authors. Psychophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Psychophysiological Research.)

المؤلفون: Imani MM; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Nezhad EM; Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran., Golshah A; Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. Electronic address: amin.golshah@gmail.com., Safari-Faramani R; Social Development and Health Promotion Research center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

المصدر: American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics [Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop] 2023 Jun; Vol. 163 (6), pp. 766-776. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 11.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8610224 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-6752 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08895406 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Esthetics, Dental* , Smiling*, Female ; Humans ; Male ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Gingiva ; Iran ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult

مستخلص: Introduction: This study aimed to determine the optimal gingival display on smiling on the basis of different facial vertical patterns in Iranians from the perspective of laypeople, maxillofacial surgeons, and orthodontists.
Methods: Photographs were obtained from short-faced, normal-faced, and long-faced males and females (1 male and 1 female from each group) aged 18-30 years. The original photographs were then modified to have 6, 4, 2, 0, -2, -4, and -6 mm gingival display. Three groups of raters (n = 40), including laypeople, orthodontists, and maxillofacial surgeons, were requested to score each photograph regarding smile attractiveness using a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results: Regarding the photographs of the normal-faced female model, all 3 rater groups gave the highest score to a 2 gingival display. In the normal-faced male model, all 3 rater groups gave the highest and lowest scores to 0 and 6 mm gingival display, respectively. In the long-faced female model, all 3 rater groups gave the same score to 0, 4, and 6 gingival display. In the long-faced male model, the 3 rater groups gave the same score to 0, 2, 4, and 6 gingival display. In the short-faced female model, all 3 rater groups gave the highest score to 0 gingival display. In the short-faced male model, the 3 rater groups gave the same score to all values of gingival display except -4 mm.
Conclusions: The laypeople, maxillofacial surgeons, and orthodontists all gave the highest score to the photograph of a short-faced Iranian female model with 0 gingival display.
(Copyright © 2022 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

المؤلفون: Zanotto A; Division of Psychology, Sociology and Education, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.; Department of Occupational Therapy Education, School of Health Professions, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA., Goodall K; Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Ellison M; Division of Psychology, Sociology and Education, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK., McVittie C; Division of Psychology, Sociology and Education, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.

المصدر: Qualitative health research [Qual Health Res] 2023 Jun; Vol. 33 (7), pp. 601-612. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 07.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Sage Publications Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9202144 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1049-7323 (Print) Linking ISSN: 10497323 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Qual Health Res

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Smiling* , Brain Neoplasms*, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Quality of Life/psychology ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Emotions ; Qualitative Research

مستخلص: A brain tumour can be a life-threatening illness and cause unique symptoms compared to other types of cancer, such as cognitive or language deficits, or changes in personality. It is an exceptionally distressing diagnosis which can affect quality of life, even for those with a low-grade tumour or many years after the diagnosis. This study sought to gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experience of adjustment to living with a brain tumour. Twelve individuals (83% female) with a primary brain tumour (83% low-grade) took part in the study. Participants were aged 29-54 years, on average 43 months following the diagnosis, and were recruited through the charitable support organisations in the United Kingdom. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Six inter-related themes were identified: making sense of the diagnosis, seeking empowerment, feeling appreciative, taking charge of coping, learning to accept, and negotiating a new normality. Notions of empowerment, gratitude, and acceptance throughout the illness journey were prominent in the participants' narratives. Receiving sufficient information and initiating treatment were important in negotiation of control. The results highlighted what facilitates and hinders adaptive coping. Aspects which facilitated positive coping were as follows: trust in clinician, feeling in control, feeling grateful, or accepting. Participants on a 'watch and wait' approach, while feeling appreciative, perceived the lack of treatment as difficult and frustrating. Implications for patient-clinician communication are discussed, particularly for patients on a 'watch and wait' who might need additional support in adjusting.

المؤلفون: Cunha J; Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal., Fernandes GVO; Periodontics and Oral Medicine Department, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.; Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health (CIIS), Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal., Fernandes JCH; Private Practice, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA., Lopes PC; Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal., Rio R; Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 3504-505 Viseu, Portugal.; Private Practice, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

المصدر: Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) [Medicina (Kaunas)] 2023 Mar 17; Vol. 59 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 17.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 9425208 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1648-9144 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1010660X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Medicina (Kaunas) Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Smiling* , Esthetics, Dental*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Pilot Projects ; Face ; Lip

مستخلص: Background and Objective : This study aimed to evaluate six smile-esthetic parameters (deviation of the upper dental midline from the facial midline, upper lip curvature, smile line, smile arch, smile width, and shape of the maxillary central incisors), correlating them with age and gender. Materials and methods : Caucasian individuals (N = 114) were grouped by gender (male and female) and age (group I-18 to 30 years old; group II-31 to 50 years old; and group III-over 50 years old). Using a digital camera, extra and intraoral pictures were taken to analyze the variables above-mentioned. The data were statistically evaluated, considering a significance level of p < 0.05. Results : Most participants found deviations of the upper dental midline, straight upper lip curvature, and the medium smile line coincided with the facial midline. The parallel smile arch exposing 9 to 11 upper teeth, the absence of exposure of lower teeth when smiling, and oval upper incisors were prevalent parameters. Regarding gender, significant results were found for the curvature of the upper lip ( p = 0.049), the smile arch ( p = 0.001), and the shape of the upper central incisors ( p = 0.004). For age, the association with the curvature of the upper lip ( p = 0.032), the smile line ( p = 0.001), the smile arch ( p = 0.007), the width of the smile exposing lower teeth ( p = 0.002), and the shape of the upper central incisors (0.012) were significant. Conclusions : Within this study's limitations, gender and age affect the anterior teeth shape and upper lip curves; gender and age did not influence the coincidence between dental and facial midlines.

المؤلفون: Ergül H; Department of Languages and Literatures, University of Northern Iowa, 2015 Bartlett Hall, Cedar Falls, IA, 50614-0502, USA. hilal.ergul@uni.edu.

المصدر: Journal of psycholinguistic research [J Psycholinguist Res] 2023 Feb; Vol. 52 (1), pp. 17-32. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Aug 11.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0333506 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-6555 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00906905 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Psycholinguist Res Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Smiling* , Social Perception*, Humans ; Feedback ; Facial Expression

مستخلص: Oral Corrective Feedback is a widely used teaching strategy that has been found to help language acquisition. The factors that contribute to its effectiveness, however, remain elusive. In this study, the role of smiling during teachers' OCF provision is investigated in intact language classrooms by modifying the analytical framework developed by Lyster and Ranta (Stud Second Lang Acquis, 19(1):37-66, 1997), which determines OCF effectiveness by the success of the learner uptake. In addition to the feedback strategies used, this study examines teacher smiling during the feedback instances, and whether they were genuine or polite smiles. The Facial Action Coding System (Ekman & Friesen, Environ Psych Nonver, 1(1), 56-75, 1976; Ekman, Friesen, & Hager, Facial Action Coding System: The Manual on CD ROM. Salt Lake City, UT: Research Nexus division of Network Information Research Corporation, 2002) is utilized to operationalize smile genuineness. Significant findings indicate that when teacher smiling is genuine, learners are more likely to correct their errors, while polite smiles do not have the same effect.
(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

المؤلفون: Musa M; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.; Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.; Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.; Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China.; Department of Orthodontics, Al Tagana Dental Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Science and Technology Omdurman, Omdurman, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan., Awad R; Department of Pediatrics dentistry, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China., Mohammed A; University of Science and Technology Omdurman, Khartoum, Sudan., Abdallah H; Department of Prosthodontics, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan., Elhoumed M; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.; National Institute of Public Health Research (INRSP), BP. 695, Nouakchott, Mauritania., Al-Waraf L; Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China., Qu W; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.; Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China.; Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China., Alhashimi N; Unit and Divisional Chief Orthodontics at Hamad Medical Corporation, and Associate Professor, College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar., Chen X; Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China., Wang S; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. wshuang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.; Laboratory Center of Stomatology, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. wshuang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.; Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China. wshuang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.

المصدر: BMC oral health [BMC Oral Health] 2023 Apr 14; Vol. 23 (1), pp. 214. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 14.

نوع المنشور: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101088684 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1472-6831 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14726831 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Oral Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: East Asian People*/psychology , Esthetics, Dental*/psychology , Smiling*/psychology , Black People*/psychology, Female ; Humans ; Male ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Incisor/anatomy & histology ; Perception ; Adult

مستخلص: Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the perception of upper dental midline deviation on the attractiveness of a smile among raters from different ethnicities, professions, genders, and ages and measure to what extent the presence or absence of the associated smiling structures influence the raters' evaluations.
Methods: A male subject (26 years of age) with adequate smile characteristics was selected by 3 experienced orthodontists, and 561 raters from 2 different ethnic groups (281 Chinese raters and 280 Black raters) rated the subject's smile after the subject's upper dental midline was digitally altered from 0 to 5 mm using a 5-point Likert scale on 12 smile photographs divided into two groups: group 1, in the presence of smile related structures, two-thirds of the nose, lips, and chin (NLC), and group 2, in the absence of smile related structures, the lips only (L).
Results: There were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two ethnicities, in 2 mm and 4 mm in-group NLC and 5 mm in-group L, as well as the raters' profession to each midline shift of both groups (NLC) and (L) for both ethnicities except for 0 mm. Regarding the role of associated smile structures, the smile photos were observed in the presence of smile-associated structures, and in its absence (NLC × L), statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found when the deviation was 5 mm among the Chinese raters; in 1 mm, and 4 mm among the Black raters. Among different genders, statistical differences were only reported (p < 0.05) for Chinese raters for 5 mm in NLC, while statistical differences were observed for 2 mm and 3 mm in NLC for Black raters. For age categories, differences were observed (p < 0.05) for 4 mm, 5 mm in NLC and 4 mm, and 5 mm in L for Chinese raters, while 5 mm in NLC and 1 mm in L for Black raters.
Conclusion: Perception of the upper dental midline deviations was influenced by the factors of ethnicity, profession, presence or absence of smile-associated structures, as well as the gender and age of the raters.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Schliebener M; Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 44, 58455 Witten, Germany. Electronic address: melanie.schliebener@uni-wh.de., Kraft L; Department of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Neumarkt 9, 04109 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: livia.kraft@uni-leipzig.de., Dufner M; Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Str. 44, 58455 Witten, Germany. Electronic address: michael.dufner@uni-wh.de.

المصدر: Acta psychologica [Acta Psychol (Amst)] 2023 Apr; Vol. 234, pp. 103868. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 18.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: North Holland Publishing Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0370366 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-6297 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00016918 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Acta Psychol (Amst) Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Smiling* , Self Concept*, Humans ; Electromyography ; Self Report ; Self-Assessment

مستخلص: An important aspect of implicit self-esteem is the positivity of peoples spontaneous affective reactions to the self. In this study, we developed and validated a physiology-based measure that captures such positive reactions. We presented participants (N = 256) self-related stimuli (i.e., pictures of themselves) and used electromyography (EMG) to record changes in facial muscular activity that are indicative of subtle smiling. EMG responses were on average positive, which matches with previous research findings on positively biased self-evaluations. Individual differences in EMG responses were moderately reliable and positively associated with explicit self-esteem and self- and peer-rated likability (but not consistently with measures of well-being and agentic behavior). The relations between the EMG responses and likability indicators largely held when we controlled for explicit self-esteem, indicating that the novel measure possessed incremental validity over self-reports. The results thus indicated that the EMG approach might be fruitful for the assessment of implicit self-esteem.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, or publication of this article.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

المؤلفون: Grimes K; Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK., Fleming PS; Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK., Sharma PK; Centre for Oral Bioengineering, Institute of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London, UK.

المصدر: Journal of orthodontics [J Orthod] 2023 Mar; Vol. 50 (1), pp. 18-27. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 09.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: SAGE Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100957268 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1465-3133 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14653125 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Orthod Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Smiling* , Dentists*, Female ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Reproducibility of Results ; Incisor ; Esthetics, Dental ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Professional Role ; Perception

مستخلص: Objective: To assess the impact of nasal deviation on the perception of the maxillary dental centreline position as judged by orthodontists, dentists and laypersons.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
Participants: Three groups of raters comprising 30 orthodontists, 30 dentists and 30 laypersons.
Methods: A frontal photograph of a smiling white woman was captured and digitally manipulated with varying degrees of nasal deviation and dental centreline (DC) position in increments of 1.5 mm and 3 mm to the right and left. Three rater groups assessed the attractiveness of images using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Multiple regression analysis was undertaken, and images were compared using the Tukey HSD method.
Results: Using a mixed linear model, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was estimated in the range of 69%-86%, indicating good inter-rater reliability. The interaction between image rating and nasal position ( P < 0.001), DC position ( P < 0.001) and the relationship between nose and DC position ( P < 0.001) were found to be statistically significant with symmetrical upper midline and nasal tip position, both considered to be most aesthetically pleasing. Image rating was not influenced by rater group type ( P = 0.995), age ( P = 0.983) or sex ( P = 0.476).
Conclusion: There was a preference for a central and coincident nose and maxillary DC position uniformly across the rater groups. Deviations of the nose, DC and their interactions negatively impacted on perceived smile aesthetics with increasing extent and opposing direction of deviations rated progressively more unaesthetic. No differences were observed between orthodontists, general dental practitioners and lay people with respect to perceived impact on smile aesthetics.