المؤلفون: Celina Flores, Gabriela Lichtenstein, Adrián Schiavini

المصدر: Oryx, Vol 57, Pp 615-625 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Feral dogs, guanaco management, grazing competition, human–wildlife conflict, Lama guanicoe, perception, population abundance, socio-ecological factors, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5

الوصف: Conflicts between people and wildlife have become widespread as people move to areas previously home to wildlife and as wild populations recover. In Patagonia, one of the main threats to guanaco Lama guanicoe conservation is the animosity of sheep ranchers towards the species. As key stakeholders in guanaco conservation we assessed ranchers’ perceptions regarding guanaco abundance in Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. We contrasted these perceptions with estimated guanaco abundance and explored the socio-ecological factors influencing perceptions and how perceptions of overabundance are rooted in contextual factors rather than actual abundance. We performed semi-structured interviews with ranchers from Isla Grande and estimated guanaco abundance independently using density surface modelling. Ranchers were divided into three categories depending on their perception of guanaco abundance: ‘too many’, ‘many’ and ‘normal’. Those in the ‘many’ and ‘normal’ categories perceived guanaco abundance as being similar to actual abundance, whereas those in the category ‘too many' overestimated guanaco abundance. The perceived issues affecting livestock production varied between categories, although feral dogs emerged as the main problem. Negative perceptions of the guanaco stemmed from ranchers' beliefs that the species reduces forage availability for livestock, and from their disappointment about the government's handling of concerns regarding livestock production. Greater understanding and integration of the human dimension in conservation are needed to design more inclusive and resilient management plans.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0030605322001508/type/journal_article; https://doaj.org/toc/0030-6053; https://doaj.org/toc/1365-3008

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/f7d6986e35d9410db936caed689b1248

المؤلفون: Sydney Miller, Trevor A Pickering, Wändi Bruine de Bruin, Thomas W. Valente, John P Wilson, Kayla de la Haye

المصدر: Public Health Nutrition, Vol 27 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Socio-ecological factors, Dietary patterns, COVID-19, Social networks, Neighbourhood environments, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627

الوصف: Abstract Objective: Comprehensive studies examining longitudinal predictors of dietary change during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic are lacking. Based on an ecological framework, this study used longitudinal data to test if individual, social and environmental factors predicted change in dietary intake during the peak of the coronavirus 2019 pandemic in Los Angeles County and examined interactions among the multilevel predictors. Design: We analysed two survey waves (e.g. baseline and follow-up) of the Understanding America Study, administered online to the same participants 3 months apart. The surveys assessed dietary intake and individual, social, and neighbourhood factors potentially associated with diet. Lagged multilevel regression models were used to predict change from baseline to follow-up in daily servings of fruits, vegetables and sugar-sweetened beverages. Setting: Data were collected in October 2020 and January 2021, during the peak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Los Angeles County. Participants: 903 adults representative of Los Angeles County households. Results: Individuals who had depression and less education or who identified as non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic reported unhealthy dietary changes over the study period. Individuals with smaller social networks, especially low-income individuals with smaller networks, also reported unhealthy dietary changes. After accounting for individual and social factors, neighbourhood factors were generally not associated with dietary change. Conclusions: Given poor diets are a leading cause of death in the USA, addressing ecological risk factors that put some segments of the community at risk for unhealthy dietary changes during a crisis should be a priority for health interventions and policy.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1368980024001034/type/journal_article; https://doaj.org/toc/1368-9800; https://doaj.org/toc/1475-2727

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/96a429a076c541199275d8eb49352b0b

المؤلفون: Vuga Beršnak, Janja^Aff8, Juvan, Jelena^Aff8, Humer, Živa^Aff9, Živoder, Andreja^Aff8, Jelušič, Ljubica^Aff8, Švab, Alenka^Aff8, Lobe, Bojana^Aff8

المساهمون: Vuga Beršnak, Janja^Aff1, Juvan, Jelena^Aff2, Humer, Živa^Aff3, Živoder, Andreja^Aff4, Jelušič, Ljubica^Aff5, Švab, Alenka^Aff6, Lobe, Bojana^Aff7

المصدر: Military Families' Health and Well-Being : A Socioecological Model of Risks. :171-191

المؤلفون: Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R.^{Aff1, IDs1214402001322x_cor1}

المصدر: Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues. 41(11):7482-7492

المؤلفون: Gabriela-Alina Sauciuc, Tomas Persson

المصدر: Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 14 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: cooperation, joint attention, false belief, resource sharing, altruism and prosocial behaviour, socio-ecological factors, Psychology, BF1-990

الوصف: Humans have an irresistible inclination to coordinate actions with others, leading to species-unique forms of cooperation. According to the highly influential Shared Intentionality Theory (SITh), human cooperation is made possible by shared intentionality (SI), typically defined as a suite of socio-cognitive and motivational traits for sharing psychological states with others, thereby enabling individuals to engage in joint action in the mutually aware pursuit of shared goals. SITh theorises that SI evolved as late as 400,000 years ago, when our ancestors (in particular, Homo heidelbergensis) turned to a kind of food procurement that obligatorily required joint coordinated action. SI is, thus, hypothesized to be absent in other extant species, including our closest genetic relatives, the nonhuman great apes (“apes”). According to SITh, ape psychology is exclusively driven by individualistic motivations, as opposed to human psychology which is uniquely driven by altruistic motivations. The evolutionary scenario proposed by SITh builds on a series of findings from socio-cognitive research with apes and human children, and on the assumption that abilities expressed early in human development are human universals, unlikely to have been shaped by socio-cultural influences. Drawing on the primatological and developmental literature, we provide a systematic – albeit selective – review of SITh-inconsistent findings concerning psychological and behavioural traits theorised to be constitutive of SI. The findings we review pertain to all three thematic clusters typically addressed in SITh: (i) recursive mind reading; (ii) prosociality; (iii) imitation and cumulative culture. We conclude that such alternative data undermine two core SITh claims: the late evolutionary emergence of SI and the radical divide between ape and human psychology. We also discuss several conceptual and methodological limitations that currently hamper reliable comparative research on SI, in particular those engendered by Western-centric biases in the social sciences, where an overreliance on Western samples has promoted the formulation of Western-centric conceptualisations, operationalisations and methodologies.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1157137/full; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/bbbc5bc78f164bcaaa34116994fb4b40

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المؤلفون: Adewumi I. Badiora, Deborah B. Ojo

المصدر: Town and Regional Planning, Vol 78, Pp 16-33 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: land-use planning, marginalised groups, public participation, socio-ecological factors, Cities. Urban geography, GF125, Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology, HT101-395

الوصف: Public participation (PP) has become a major feature of land-use planning, sanctioned by national and international laws as a platform for state, civil societies and citizens’ engagement. However, there is a dearth of information regarding ethnic minorities and marginalised groups about their interests and limitations in participatory planning. This article examines the level of citizens’ involvement and the constraints to participation in land-use planning. It analyses whether these constraints hinder some society groups more than their counterparts. These were examined using sampled participants in Nigeria. To test for the conceptual variance, factor analysis was used, while the likelihood of being hindered as against respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics was examined, using logistics regression. Findings show a low level of PP and yield a four-factor solution explaining 66.42% of the variance in PP. More hindrances to PP were perceived by ethnic minorities, the aged, females, tenants and rural dwellers compared to their counterparts. This gap between these community groups in PP was due to individual, community, and institutional factors. The article concludes that the structure of the Nigerian society still favours specific socio-demographic groups, even though the democratic transition and the subsequent constitutional amendments give all residents equal rights to political participation. There is the need for public policies, community and private investment to remove these constraints and make the PP programme truly public and attractive to all. The government and town-planning agencies may use the results in this article to help enhance their understanding of the hindrances to PP.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: https://journals.ufs.ac.za/index.php/trp/article/view/5438/4132; https://doaj.org/toc/1012-280X; https://doaj.org/toc/2415-0495

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/f00fe86f89ad4cbeae495e440f484e74

المؤلفون: N. I.K. Kamaruddin, Salmiah bt Md Said, H Kadir Shahar, P Y Lim

المصدر: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Vol 14, Iss 12, Pp 555-563 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: dengue, aedes breeding, socio-ecological factors, health belief, wet market, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962

الوصف: Objective: To determine the level of dengue prevention practices among wet market traders in a Malaysian district and their associated socio-ecological factors including individual, relationships, community and societal factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 246 wet market traders was conducted in a district in Perak state in northwest Malaysia between September 2018 to June 2019. Participants were selected through stratified sampling from four wet markets in Hilir Perak district. Data on dengue prevention practices and associated socio-ecological characteristics were collected using a validated interview-based questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify socio-ecological determinants of dengue prevention practices among wet market traders in Hilir Perak District. Results: From the total number of respondents, 78% had high dengue prevention practices. Higher dengue prevention practices were associated with owners of wet market shoplots compared to employed workers (adjusted OR 4.18, 95% CI 1.78, 9.85), high perceived susceptibility (adjusted OR 6.93, 95% CI 3.02, 15.92), high familial support (adjusted OR 3.65, 95% CI 1.25, 10.64), and high perceived dengue prevention and control laws and regulations (adjusted OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.44, 7.32). Conclusions: Dengue prevention practices were associated not only with individual determinants but also with other determinants from relationships to societal level which must be considered in planning or evaluating current dengue control programs.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

Relation: http://www.apjtm.org/article.asp?issn=1995-7645;year=2021;volume=14;issue=12;spage=555;epage=563;aulast=Kamaruddin; https://doaj.org/toc/2352-4146

URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/f88f4a6ea4824dd8b7168da94ed6b8c4

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