المؤلفون: Misera N; Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany., Seifert R; Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625, Hannover, Germany. seifert.roland@mh-hannover.de.

المصدر: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology [Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol] 2024 Jun; Vol. 397 (6), pp. 4381-4401. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 16.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0326264 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1912 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00281298 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Reserpine*/pharmacology , Textbooks as Topic*, Humans ; Germany ; Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Pharmacology/education ; Language

مستخلص: For several decades, reserpine was used to treat hypertension and, to a limited extent, psychoses. Over time, however, the indication became more and more restricted to the point of obsolescence. This study examines the extent to which textbooks are up to date in their content and oriented towards therapeutic guidelines, using the obsolete drug reserpine as a paradigm. Three German pharmacology textbook series were examined for the coverage of reserpine from 1964-2023: Allgemeine und Spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (Aktories), Allgemeine und Spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (Karow) and Pharmakologie und Toxikologie (Lüllmann). We compared the textbook content with data on reserpine prescriptions and hypertension guidelines and analysed the relevance of reserpine in examinations using German federal exam questions by the Institute for medical and pharmaceutical exam questions (IMPP). The textbooks differ conceptually from each other. The indication of reserpine for hypertension has become more restricted over time in all three textbooks, yet they partially show discrepancies with hypertension guidelines. The reserpine prescription figures show a strong decline , and reserpine has not been queried by the IMPP, which underlines the obsolescence of the drug. Overall, our study shows that the presentation of a representative obsolete drug in pharmacology textbooks lags current medical practice. We also unmasked more differences in the presentation of an obsolete drug in standard textbooks than anticipated. In conclusion, the analysis of obsolete drugs in pharmacology textbooks is an informative way of assessing how up-to-date they are.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Zhang IY; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles., Gray ME; Department of Psychology, Elgin Community College., Cheng AX; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles., Son JY; Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles., Stigler JW; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles.

المصدر: Journal of experimental psychology. Applied [J Exp Psychol Appl] 2024 Jun; Vol. 30 (2), pp. 293-317. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 12.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Psychological Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9507618 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1939-2192 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1076898X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Exp Psychol Appl Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Learning* , Students* , Textbooks as Topic*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Problem Solving ; Adult

مستخلص: Using multiple representations is an important part of learning and problem-solving in science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields. For students to acquire flexible knowledge of representations, they must attend to the structural information within each representation and practice making relational connections between representations. Most studies so far have only attempted to help students connect between multiple representations in the lab or short-term classroom interventions, with the intervention largely separated from students' authentic learning. The present study developed a representation-mapping intervention designed to help students interpret, coordinate, and eventually translate across multiple representations. We integrated the intervention into an online textbook being used in a college course, allowing us to study its impact in a real course over an extended period of time. The findings of this study support the efficacy of the representation-mapping intervention for facilitating learning and shed light on how to implement and refine such interventions in authentic learning contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

المؤلفون: Štrkalj G; Anatomy, Histology and Pathology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University Bedford Park, Adelaide, Australia., Billings BK; School of Anatomical Sciences, Health Sciences Faculty, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

المصدر: Journal of medical biography [J Med Biogr] 2024 May; Vol. 32 (2), pp. 233-239. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 17.

نوع المنشور: Historical Article; Journal Article; Biography; Portrait

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Sage Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9308895 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1758-1087 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09677720 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Med Biogr Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Anatomy*/history , Textbooks as Topic*/history, History, 20th Century ; South Africa ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Dissection/history

مستخلص: This paper traces the history of Man's Anatomy , one of the most influential anatomy textbooks produced on the African continent. Authored by the two renowned South African educators Phillip Vallentine Tobias and Maurice Arnold, the first volume of this book was published in 1963. Both an anatomy textbook and a dissection manual Man's Anatomy included an in-depth exposition of structures of the human body, presented in an innovative and engaging way. In 1999, in line with the developments in medical and anatomy education as well as broader societal changes, the book was significantly condensed, and its name changed to Practical Anatomy . The second edition of Practical Anatomy was published in 2020 and is currently still in use at many South African universities.
Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

عنوان ترانسليتريتد: Un libro obbligatorio per chi ha ‘cura’ della vita.

المؤلفون: Tognoni G; Fondazione Lelio e Lisli Basso.

المصدر: Assistenza infermieristica e ricerca : AIR [Assist Inferm Ric] 2024 Apr-Jun; Vol. 43 (2), pp. 96-97.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Il Pensiero Scientifico Editore Country of Publication: Italy NLM ID: 100901776 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2038-1778 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15925986 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Assist Inferm Ric Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Textbooks as Topic*, Humans ; Italy

المؤلفون: Pusey-Reid E; MGH Institute of Health Professions, School of Nursing, Charlestown Navy Yard, 36 1st Avenue, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America. Electronic address: epusey@mghihp.edu., Quinn LW; MGH Institute of Health Professions, School of Nursing, Charlestown Navy Yard, 36 1st Avenue, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America. Electronic address: Lquinn@mghihp.edu., Wong J; MGH Institute of Health Professions, School of Nursing and Department of Occupational Therapy, Charlestown Navy Yard, 36 1st Avenue, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America. Electronic address: JWONG1@MGHIHP.EDU., Wucherpfennig A; MGH Institute of Health Professions, School of Nursing, Charlestown Navy Yard, 36 1st Avenue, Boston, MA 02129, United States of America. Electronic address: awucherpfennig@mghihp.edu.

المصدر: Nurse education today [Nurse Educ Today] 2023 Nov; Vol. 130, pp. 105927. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 03.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Churchill Livingstone Country of Publication: Scotland NLM ID: 8511379 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1532-2793 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02606917 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nurse Educ Today

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Skin Pigmentation* , Textbooks as Topic*/standards , Skin Diseases*/diagnosis , Skin Diseases*/ethnology , Skin Diseases*/nursing , Education, Nursing*/standards , Cultural Diversity*, Humans ; Black or African American ; Reproducibility of Results ; United States ; White

مستخلص: Purpose: This study aimed to analyze and quantify the representation of dark skin tones (DST) images/graphics across fifteen foundational and clinical nursing textbooks to understand the degree of portrayed diversity in current nursing texts.
Background: The United States (U.S.) population is becoming more ethnically and racially diverse. There is a scarcity of nursing literature, studies, and educational materials on the assessment and early recognition of common skin assessment in patients with dark skin tones (DST). The underrepresentation of people with DST images in didactic material suggests that omissions of these images in educational resources may introduce bias in health care provider education and practice.
Methods: Fifteen popular foundational and clinical nursing textbooks were selected and analyzed. All the photo images and drawn graphics in these textbooks were coded according to Fitzpatrick's skin phototype (FSP) scale, which categorizes skin tone as (a) "Light" or Fitzpatrick scale I or II, (b) "Medium" or Fitzpatrick scale III or IV, and (c) "Dark" or Fitzpatrick scale V or VI. The training was provided for data collectors before analysis to ascertain good inter-rater reliability (Cohen's kappa = 0.960 for light skin tone, Cohen's kappa = 0.899 for medium skin tone, and Cohen's kappa = 0.913 for dark skin tone).
Results: Analysis of 14,192 photo images and drawn graphics depicting skin tone was completed across 15 foundational and clinical nursing textbooks. 12.3 % of photo images and 2.4 % of drawn graphics depicted dark skin tones, compared to 60.9 % of photo images and 82.8 % of drawn graphics that displayed light skin tones in these textbooks.
Conclusions: Nursing textbooks overrepresent light skin tones and underrepresent dark skin tones. While the approximate racial distribution of the U.S. population is 59.3 % non-Hispanic-White, 13.6 % Black/African American, and 26.6 % Person of Color, the images and graphics of skin tones represented 68 % light, 15 % medium, and 9.4 % dark.
Relevance to Clinical Practice: All healthcare providers are expected and required to deliver competent clinical care to an increasingly diverse population. For teaching-learning, more visual representations of DST and comparative images between what to expect in dark, medium, and light skin tones can help improve knowledge deficits and increase health equity.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflict of interest, financial or otherwise.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

المؤلفون: Ranabhat SK; Department of Pathology, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba. sabinmd@xusom.com., Kunjukrishnan ML; Department of Anatomy, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba., Dubey M; Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba., Curran V; Department of Medical Education, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Newfoundland, Canada., Dubey AK; Department of Pharmacology, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba., Dwivedi N; Department of Medicine, OSCE and SP Program, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, Aruba.

المصدر: BMC medical education [BMC Med Educ] 2024 May 15; Vol. 24 (1), pp. 543. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 15.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101088679 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1472-6920 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14726920 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Med Educ Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Students, Medical*/psychology , Academic Performance*, Humans ; Educational Measurement ; Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Male ; Female ; United States ; Learning ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Textbooks as Topic

مستخلص: Background: The United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) step 1 is one of the two examinations written after completion of the first two years (basic science stage) of medical school to be eligible to apply for residency training in the USA. A huge number and types of study materials are available to prepare for the exam which might confuse students choosing a resource. We investigated learning resources being used by the third and fifth-semester medical students and their association with academic performance. We also compared learning resources and exam scores of high-performing and low-performing students.
Methods: Data collection was done using structured (quantitative study) and semi-structured (qualitative study) questionnaires during a face-to-face interview. This article is about the quantitative part which was designed as a correlational study. Single factor one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient test, T-test, and Fisher's exact test were used to analyze the data.
Results: About half of all students used three or more commercial resources dealing with the same content. A weak negative correlation was observed between the number of commercial resources and the exam scores, especially when the number of these resources was three or more (r = -0.26). The mean exam score of textbook users was statistically significantly higher than the mean score of textbook non-users (p = 0.01). The usage of textbooks was statistically significantly higher in the cohort of top performers in comparison to the rest of the students (p = 0.006). In addition to less usage of textbooks, the mean number of review books was higher in the group of weakest students (2.84 versus 3.7; p = 0.75).
Conclusions: Most students did not use professional textbooks and about half used too many commercial review resources. While the former fact was significantly associated with poor academic performance, the later fact had weak negative correlation with exam score. Pedagogical interventions are urgently needed to make the right type of learning resources available by making professional textbooks more USMLE-oriented and helping the students choose the best and right number of resources for optimum academic performance. By fulfilling the observed needs of the students in this way, they might feel empowered because of self-determination which will motivate studies.
(© 2024. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Lee Y; Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts., Tessier L; Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Brar K; Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Malone S; Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Jin D; Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., McKechnie T; Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada., Jung JJ; Division of General Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada., Kroh M; Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio., Dang JT; Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio. Electronic address: yung.lee@medportal.ca.

مؤلفون مشاركون: ASMBS Artificial Intelligence and Digital Surgery Taskforce

المصدر: Surgery for obesity and related diseases : official journal of the American Society for Bariatric Surgery [Surg Obes Relat Dis] 2024 Jul; Vol. 20 (7), pp. 609-613. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 08.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Comparative Study; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101233161 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-7533 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15507289 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Surg Obes Relat Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bariatric Surgery*/education , Artificial Intelligence*, Humans ; Textbooks as Topic ; United States ; Societies, Medical ; Clinical Competence

مستخلص: Background: The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) textbook serves as a comprehensive resource for bariatric surgery, covering recent advancements and clinical questions. Testing artificial intelligence (AI) engines using this authoritative source ensures accurate and up-to-date information and provides insight in its potential implications for surgical education and training.
Objectives: To determine the quality and to compare different large language models' (LLMs) ability to respond to textbook questions relating to bariatric surgery.
Setting: Remote.
Methods: Prompts to be entered into the LLMs were multiple-choice questions found in "The ASMBS Textbook of Bariatric Surgery, second Edition. The prompts were queried into 3 LLMs: OpenAI's ChatGPT-4, Microsoft's Bing, and Google's Bard. The generated responses were assessed based on overall accuracy, the number of correct answers according to subject matter, and the number of correct answers based on question type. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the number of responses per LLMs per category that were correct.
Results: Two hundred questions were used to query the AI models. There was an overall significant difference in the accuracy of answers, with an accuracy of 83.0% for ChatGPT-4, followed by Bard (76.0%) and Bing (65.0%). Subgroup analysis revealed a significant difference between the models' performance in question categories, with ChatGPT-4's demonstrating the highest proportion of correct answers in questions related to treatment and surgical procedures (83.1%) and complications (91.7%). There was also a significant difference between the performance in different question types, with ChatGPT-4 showing superior performance in inclusionary questions. Bard and Bing were unable to answer certain questions whereas ChatGPT-4 left no questions unanswered.
Conclusions: LLMs, particularly ChatGPT-4, demonstrated promising accuracy when answering clinical questions related to bariatric surgery. Continued AI advancements and research is required to elucidate the potential applications of LLMs in training and education.
(Copyright © 2024 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

المؤلفون: Huang Y; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Medical Information and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province., Fang Y; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China., Xu T; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China., Xia Y; Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Medical Information and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu Province.

المصدر: Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion [Zhongguo Zhen Jiu] 2024 Jun 12; Vol. 44 (6), pp. 723-9.

نوع المنشور: English Abstract; Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Guoji Shudian Country of Publication: China NLM ID: 8600658 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0255-2930 (Print) Linking ISSN: 02552930 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Zhongguo Zhen Jiu Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Acupuncture Points* , Acupuncture Therapy* , Moxibustion*/methods, Humans ; China ; Textbooks as Topic

مستخلص: By extracting the acupoint names and their main indications from cases in Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy and Practical Acupuncture and Moxibustion , the acupoints and their main indications are represented in a reduced dimension, establishing an "acupoint-indication" linkage. Using complex network detection results (node degree values), the specificity of acupoints was assessed. The small-world characteristics of the "acupoint-indication" network are utilized to analyze the consistency of acupoint selection in acupuncture prescriptions and strategies to avoid redundant acupoints. The results show that the "acupoint-indication" network formed by both texts exhibited an approximate "long-tail" distribution, with a large number of node degree values concentrated between 0 and 4 000, while a few nodes have degree values exceeding 10 000. There are significant differences in the number and distribution of nodes with degree values> 10 000 between the two texts. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy includes 11 acupoints with multiple edges across the body, whereas Practical Acupuncture and Moxibustion contains only 2 such acupoints, located in the lower limbs. Clinically, some acupoints have a broad therapeutic effect and appear in numerous prescriptions. The division of acupoints based on node degree values can coarsely evaluate the body region specificity of acupoints' regulatory effects. The "acupoint-indication" network of Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion Therapy has a higher number of edges than that of Practical Acupuncture and Moxibustion , which might be related to the different historical contexts of the two texts. In the future, diagnostic and therapeutic patterns with historical continuity can be utilized to optimize acupuncture prescriptions.

المؤلفون: Callaway E

المصدر: Nature [Nature] 2024 Jun; Vol. 630 (8015), pp. 17.

نوع المنشور: News

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0410462 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-4687 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00280836 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nature Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bacteria*/enzymology , Bacteria*/genetics , Bacteria*/virology , Genes, Bacterial*/genetics, Textbooks as Topic

المؤلفون: Nazik S; From the Antakya Karaali Family Health Centre, Hatay, Turkey., Kadıoğlu FG, Acıduman A

المصدر: Experimental and clinical transplantation : official journal of the Middle East Society for Organ Transplantation [Exp Clin Transplant] 2023 Jun; Vol. 21 (Suppl 2), pp. 121-124.

نوع المنشور: Biography

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Bas̜kent University Country of Publication: Turkey NLM ID: 101207333 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2146-8427 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13040855 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Exp Clin Transplant Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Physicians*/history , Urinary Bladder Diseases* , Kidney Diseases* , Textbooks as Topic*/history, Humans ; Egypt ; History, 16th Century ; Translations

مستخلص: Objectives: Dāwūd b. 'Umar al-Anṭākī, known as the Avicenna of his time, was an Ottoman physician and scholar who wrote medical texts in Arabic in the 16th century. He was taught by an Iranian medical scholar, Muḥammad Sharīf, in the fields of logic, physical sciences, Greek, and medicine. After leaving Antioch, he traveled to Lebanon and then to Damascus, where he began writing his work, Tadhkiratu uli l-albāb wa l-jāmi' li l-'ajab al-'ujāb. Dāwūd b. 'Umar al-Anṭākī settled in Egypt, where he taught at the Zāhiriyya Madrasa and practiced medicine before dying in Mecca in 1599. Here, we examined al-Anṭākī's writings on kidney and bladder diseases in his work Nuzhat al-adhhān fī iṣlāḥ al-abdān.
Materials and Methods: We translated sections on kidney and bladder diseases into English and compared İlter Uzel's copy of Nuzhat al-adhhān fī iṣlāḥ al-abdān with a printed copy. We compared the relevant sections of Nuzhat al-adhhān fī iṣlāḥ al-abdān with the relevant sections of other important works of al-Anṭākī, al-Nuzhat al-mubhija fī tashḥīdh al-adhhān wa ta'dīl al-amzija, and Tadhkiratu uli l-albāb wa l-jāmi' li l-'ajab al-'ujāb. The similarities and differences between these works were revealed.
Results: Kidney and bladder diseases are briefly discussed in Nuzhat al-adhhān fī iṣlāḥ al-abdān under the headings "amrāḍ al-kulā wa l-mathāna," "al-ḥisā," and "ḥarqān al-bawl wa taqṭīruhu."
Conclusions: Issues concerning kidney and bladder diseases are addressed more briefly in Nuzhat al-adhhān fī iṣlāḥ al-abdān than in al-Nuzhat al-mubhija fī tashḥīdh al-adhhān wa ta'dīl al-amzija. Tadhkiratu uli l-albāb wa l-jāmi' li l-'ajab al-'ujāb consists solely of kidney and bladder stones. When these works are combined, the information in them complements each other.