المؤلفون: Foini P; ISI Foundation, Via Chisola 5, 10126, Turin, Italy., Tizzoni M; ISI Foundation, Via Chisola 5, 10126, Turin, Italy.; Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Via Verdi, 26, 38122, Trento, Italy., Martini G; World Food Programme, Research, Assessment and Monitoring Division (RAM), Via Cesare Giulio Viola 68, 00148, Rome, Italy., Paolotti D; ISI Foundation, Via Chisola 5, 10126, Turin, Italy., Omodei E; World Food Programme, Research, Assessment and Monitoring Division (RAM), Via Cesare Giulio Viola 68, 00148, Rome, Italy. omodeie@ceu.edu.; Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Quellenstraße 51, 1100, Vienna, Austria. omodeie@ceu.edu.

المصدر: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2023 Mar 16; Vol. 13 (1), pp. 2793. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 16.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Food Insecurity* , Food Supply*, Humans ; Data Collection ; Burkina Faso ; Nigeria ; Yemen

مستخلص: Food insecurity, defined as the lack of physical or economic access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food, remains one of the main challenges included in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Near real-time data on the food insecurity situation collected by international organizations such as the World Food Programme can be crucial to monitor and forecast time trends of insufficient food consumption levels in countries at risk. Here, using food consumption observations in combination with secondary data on conflict, extreme weather events and economic shocks, we build a forecasting model based on gradient boosted regression trees to create predictions on the evolution of insufficient food consumption trends up to 30 days in to the future in 6 countries (Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Mali, Nigeria, Syria and Yemen). Results show that the number of available historical observations is a key element for the forecasting model performance. Among the 6 countries studied in this work, for those with the longest food insecurity time series, that is Syria and Yemen, the proposed forecasting model allows to forecast the prevalence of people with insufficient food consumption up to 30 days into the future with higher accuracy than a naive approach based on the last measured prevalence only. The framework developed in this work could provide decision makers with a tool to assess how the food insecurity situation will evolve in the near future in countries at risk. Results clearly point to the added value of continuous near real-time data collection at sub-national level.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Jawad LA; School of Environmental and Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand., Shamsan EF; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen., Aguilar G; School of Environmental and Animal Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand., Hoedemakers K; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, OD Nature, Brussels, Belgium.

المصدر: Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) [Anat Rec (Hoboken)] 2023 Mar; Vol. 306 (3), pp. 651-664. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 16.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101292775 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-8494 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19328486 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Anat Rec (Hoboken) Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Otolithic Membrane*/anatomy & histology , Perciformes*, Animals ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Yemen ; Fishes/anatomy & histology

مستخلص: Otoliths, or ear-stones, are calcareous components in the static-acoustic organs of teleost fishes with a characteristic morphology. As such, they are widely used in fisheries because of the information stored in them concerning, for example, environment, age, and so forth. Otoliths of three lethrinid species Lethrinus borbonicus (Valenciennes, 1830), L. lentjan (Lacepède, 1802), and L. mahsena (Forsskål, 1775) were collected from fish caught along the Red Sea coast of Yemen. Images taken with a scanning electron microscope were used to determine their characteristics. Twenty-two characters were defined to describe the shapes of the otoliths. Eleven measurements of distance between selected features were used for a linear regression and multivariate analysis to characterize the species by their otoliths. The results illustrate ontogenetic changes for different age groups based on the recorded shapes. All three species show a linear relationship between the total length and the morphometric measurements. A linear discriminant analysis shows marked differences between the otoliths of the three species and emphasizes the importance of the measured variables. Otoliths of L. lentjan and L. borbinicus are more similar to each other and differ from those of L. mahsena. A comparison with previously published otoliths of the species studied from other areas confirms an intraspecific uniformity across larger geographic distances, making the characters useful for diagnostic purposes.
(© 2022 American Association for Anatomy.)

المؤلفون: Usmani M; GeoHealth and Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Brumfield KD; Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.; Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA., Magers BM; GeoHealth and Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA., Chaves-Gonzalez J; United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, New York, NY, USA., Ticehurst H; Meteorological Office, Exeter, UK., Barciela R; Meteorological Office, Exeter, UK., McBean F; Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, London, UK., Colwell RR; Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.; Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA., Jutla A; GeoHealth and Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. antar.jutla@essie.ufl.edu.

المصدر: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2023 Feb 08; Vol. 13 (1), pp. 2255. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 08.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Vibrio cholerae* , Cholera*/epidemiology , Cholera*/prevention & control , Cholera*/microbiology, Humans ; Yemen/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Public Health

مستخلص: Cholera remains a global public health threat in regions where social vulnerabilities intersect with climate and weather processes that impact infectious Vibrio cholerae. While access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities limit cholera outbreaks, sheer cost of building such infrastructure limits the ability to safeguard the population. Here, using Yemen as an example where cholera outbreak was reported in 2016, we show how predictive abilities for forecasting risk, employing sociodemographical, microbiological, and climate information of cholera, can aid in combating disease outbreak. An epidemiological analysis using Bradford Hill Criteria was employed in near-real-time to understand a predictive model's outputs and cholera cases in Yemen. We note that the model predicted cholera risk at least four weeks in advance for all governorates of Yemen with overall 72% accuracy (varies with the year). We argue the development of anticipatory decision-making frameworks for climate modulated diseases to design intervention activities and limit exposure of pathogens preemptively.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Abdalal SA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. sabdalal@kau.edu.sa., Yukich J; Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA., Andrinoplous K; Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA., Harakeh S; Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia., Altwaim SA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia., Gattan H; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia., Carter B; Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA., Shammaky M; Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Jazan, Saudi Arabia., Niyazi HA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia., Alruhaili MH; Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University and King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia., Keating J; Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.

المصدر: Malaria journal [Malar J] 2023 Feb 02; Vol. 22 (1), pp. 37. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 02.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Malaria*/epidemiology , Malaria*/prevention & control, Male ; Humans ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; Yemen ; Logistic Models

مستخلص: Background: Border malaria is a major obstacle for the malaria elimination in Saudi Arabia. Today, the southern border of Saudi Arabia is a region where malaria cases are resurging, and malaria control is dwindling mainly due to the humanitarian crisis and the conflict in Yemen. This study analyses the current border malaria epidemiology along the southern border of Saudi Arabia from 2015 to 2018.
Methods: All reported cases maintained by the malaria elimination centres in Aledabi and Baish, Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia, from 2015 to 2018 were analysed to examine the epidemiological changes over time. Pearson's Chi-Square test of differences was utilized to assess differences between the characteristics of imported and local causes and between border cases. A logistic regression model was used to predict imported status was related to living along side of the border area.
Results: A total of 3210 malaria cases were reported in Baish and Aledabi malaria centres between 2015 and 2018, of which 170 were classified as local cases and 3040 were classified as imported cases. Reported malaria cases were mainly among males, within the imported cases 61.5% (1868/3039) were residents of the border areas.
Conclusions: Given the complexity of cross-border malaria, creating a malaria buffer zone that covers a certain margin from both sides of the border would allow for a joint force, cross-border malaria elimination programme. To initiate a malaria elimination activity and cases reported as belonging to this zone, rather than being pushed from one country to the other, would allow malaria elimination staff to work collaboratively with local borderland residents and other stakeholders to come up with innovative solutions to combat malaria and reach malaria-free borders.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Al-Kebsi M; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sanaa University, Sanaa, Yemen., Al-Motarreb A; Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sanaa University, Sanaa, Yemen., Al-Kadasi H; Cardiac Center, Al-Thawra Hospital, Sanaa, Yemen., Al-Muqayad MH; Cardiac Center, Al-Thawra Hospital, Sanaa, Yemen., Mangieri E; Departments of Cardiology and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy., Capotosto L; Departments of Cardiology and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy., Miraldi F; Departments of Cardiology and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy., Mastroianni C; Departments of Cardiology and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy., Vitarelli A; Departments of Cardiology and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.

المصدر: Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research [J Investig Med] 2023 Feb; Vol. 71 (2), pp. 132-139. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 16.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: SAGE Publications Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9501229 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1708-8267 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10815589 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Investig Med Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Endocarditis, Bacterial* , Endocarditis*/diagnostic imaging, Humans ; Adult ; Yemen/epidemiology ; Echocardiography/methods ; Hospitals ; Retrospective Studies

مستخلص: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern, characteristics, and outcomes of infective endocarditis (IE) in Yemen and compare the results with the findings of a Western university hospital. Patients (pts) with a final diagnosis of IE observed in Al-Thawra Sanaa Cardiac Center were prospectively enrolled in 1-year time period. Clinical and diagnostic findings were compared to clinical and diagnostic data of 50 pts with IE observed at Sapienza University Hospital in Rome, Italy. The mean age was 38 ± 6. Predisposing factors for IE were rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in 34 pts (68%), congenital heart disease in 9 pts (18%), prosthetic valve IE in 4 pts (8%), and previous IE in 3 pts (6%). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) was done in 50 pts and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in 25. Blood cultures were taken in all pts and were positive in 3 pts (6%) and negative in 47 (94%). TTE was positive in 34/50 pts (68%) and TEE in 20/25 (80%). Compared to Sapienza University pts, Al-Thawra Cardiac Center pts had a younger age (p = 0.003), more predisposing RHD (p = 0.0004), less prosthetic heart valves IE (p = 0.002), and more negative blood cultures (p = 0.0001). IE is still a common disease in Yemen among RHD pts and affects the younger age group. It has severe complications which need early diagnosis and proper management. Echocardiography is of prime diagnostic value in the absence of positive blood cultures. An effort should be made to prevent rheumatic fever and RHD.

المؤلفون: Allan R; The MENTOR Initiative, Burns House, Harlands Road, Haywards Heath, RH16 1PG, UK. richard.allan@mentor-initiative.net., Weetman D; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK., Sauskojus H; The MENTOR Initiative, Burns House, Harlands Road, Haywards Heath, RH16 1PG, UK., Budge S; The MENTOR Initiative, Burns House, Harlands Road, Haywards Heath, RH16 1PG, UK., Hawail TB; The MENTOR Initiative, Burns House, Harlands Road, Haywards Heath, RH16 1PG, UK., Baheshm Y; Ministry of Health in Yemen, National Malaria Control Programme, Aden, Yemen.

المصدر: Malaria journal [Malar J] 2023 Jan 02; Vol. 22 (1), pp. 1. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jan 02.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Anopheles*/genetics , Mosquito Vectors* , Refugee Camps*, Animals ; Humans ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Water ; Yemen

مستخلص: Background: Declines in global malaria cases and deaths since the millennium are currently challenged by multiple factors including funding limitations, limits of, and resistance to vector control tools, and also recent spread of the invasive vector species, Anopheles stephensi-especially into novel urban settings where malaria rates are typically low. Coupled with general increases in urbanization and escalations in the number of conflicts creating rapid and unplanned population displacement into temporary shelter camps within host urban areas, particularly in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa, increased urban malaria is a major threat to control and elimination.
Methods: Entomological monitoring surveys (targeting Aedes aegypti) of water containers across urban areas hosting internally displaced people (IDP) communities in Aden city, Yemen, were performed by The MENTOR Initiative, a non-governmental organisation. As part of these surveys in 2021 23 larvae collected and raised to adults were morphologically identified as An. stephensi. Twelve of the samples were sent to Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine for independent morphological assessment and genetic analysis by sequencing the ribosomal ITS2 region and the mitochondrial COI gene.
Results: All twelve samples were confirmed morphologically and by sequence comparison of the single ITS2 and COI haplotype detected to the NCBI BLAST database as An. stephensi. Phylogenetic analysis with comparable COI sequences indicated close relationship to haplotypes found in Djibouti and Ethiopia.
Conclusion: The study results confirm the presence of An. stephensi in Yemen. Confirmation of the species in multiple urban communities hosting thousands of IDPs living in temporary shelters with widescale dependency on open water containers is of particular concern due to the vulnerability of the population and abundance of favourable breeding sites for the vector. Proactive monitoring and targeted integrated vector management are required to limit impacts in this area of typically low malaria transmission, and to prevent further the spread of An. stephensi within the region.
(© 2023. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Hyzam D; Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, and Maternal Health Care, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China., Zou M; Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, and Maternal Health Care, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China., Boah M; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Disease Control, School of Public, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana., Basaleem H; Community Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Yemen., Liu X; Harbin Maternity Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China., Wu LJ; Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, and Maternal Health Care, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.

المصدر: Journal of biosocial science [J Biosoc Sci] 2023 Jan; Vol. 55 (1), pp. 150-168. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 29.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0177346 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-7599 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00219320 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Biosoc Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Maternal Health* , Maternal Health Services*, Pregnancy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; Prenatal Care ; Yemen ; Rural Population

مستخلص: Increasing women's knowledge about maternal health is an important step towards empowering them and making them aware of their rights and health status, allowing them to seek appropriate health care. In Yemen, the ongoing conflict has hampered the delivery of health information to women in public health facilities. This study examined rural women's knowledge of, and attitude towards, maternal and child health in Yemen and identified the factors associated with good maternal health knowledge. The study was conducted between August and November 2018. A sample of 400 women aged 15-49 years who had delivered in the 6 months prior to the survey were systematically selected from selected public health facilities in Abyan and Lahj. Women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to gather data on their demographic and economic characteristics, obstetric history and responses to health knowledge and attitude questions. Women's knowledge level was assessed as poor or good using the mean score as a cut-off. Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to identify statistically significant factors associated with good maternal health knowledge. The percentage of women who had good knowledge was 44.8% (95% CI: 39.8-49.8). Women's attitude towards maternal health was negative in the areas of early ANC attendance, managing dietary regime and weight during pregnancy, facility delivery, PNC visits, cord care and mother and child health management. Women with primary education, whose husbands had received no formal education, who had their first ANC visit from the second trimester of pregnancy and who had fewer than four ANC visits were more likely to have poor health knowledge. Conversely, those with higher household income and only one child were more likely to have good maternal health knowledge. Overall, women's knowledge on maternal and child health care in rural areas of Yemen was low. Strategies are needed to increase rural women's knowledge on maternal and child health in this conflict-affected setting.

المؤلفون: Baazab MSM; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen. drmbaazab@yahoo.com., Bilal JA; Pediatrics Department, College of Medicine, Shaqra University of Shaqra, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia., Ba-Saddik IA; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen., Arabi AM; Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

المصدر: BMC pediatrics [BMC Pediatr] 2022 Nov 21; Vol. 22 (1), pp. 671. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 21.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100967804 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2431 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712431 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Pediatr Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Severe Acute Malnutrition*/therapy, Infant ; Child ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Yemen ; Hospitals ; Armed Conflicts

مستخلص: Background: Globally 3.8 million of children under 6 month of age are severely wasted. In Yemen, around 20% of children under 6 months were affected by malnutrition during the armed conflict in the last 7 years. Supplementary suckling may reestablish exclusive breastfeeding in infant less than 6 months of age with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). This study aimed to determine the outcomes of employing supplementary suckling technique in treatment of uncomplicated SAM infants in a conflict-affected community.
Methods: A prospective hospital-based study was carried out between January to April 19th, 2020 among randomly selected infants less than 6 months of age with SAM following breastfeeding failure. Infants' anthropometric indices were daily measured and recorded. Supplementary sulking technique was used in management with high or low protein milk-based formula supplement. Outcome was recorded as cured, died, defaulter or in nonrecovery state.
Results: In this study 108 infants were enrolled with a median (IQR) age of 4 (2.5-5) years and a male: female ratio of 1.4:1. After treatment, 80.6% recovered to cure, 12% defaulters, 6% died, and 2% did not respond to treatment Thirty-four infants (38.8%) gained weight with significantly increased median weight and median weight-for-age z score. The median (IQR) duration of treatment was 9 (7.5-14) days. The means of age and weight-for-length z score were correlated (r = - 0.22, p = 0.025). Duration of treatment was a predictor of outcome (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 0.05-0.62, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Supplementary suckling technique for feeding infant with SAM aged less than 6 months had a positive impact on anthropometric indices with high cure rate. The younger the infant and the longer the duration of treatment, the better the outcome.
(© 2022. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Al-Quhaiti MAA; Laboratory Department, Ibn Sina Specialist Hospital, Sana'a, Yemen., Abdul-Ghani R; Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen. rashadqb@yahoo.com.; Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen. rashadqb@yahoo.com., Mahdy MAK; Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.; Tropical Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Sana'a, Yemen., Assada MA; National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana'a, Yemen.

المصدر: Malaria journal [Malar J] 2022 Nov 18; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 344. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 18.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Malaria, Falciparum*/diagnosis , Malaria, Falciparum*/epidemiology , Malaria, Falciparum*/parasitology , Malaria*/epidemiology, Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Rural Population ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Yemen/epidemiology ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Prevalence

مستخلص: Background: Malaria burden among under-five children living in endemic areas of Yemen is largely unknown due to the lack of community-based studies. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence and risk factors associated with falciparum malaria among under-five children in rural communities of Al-Mahweet governorate, Yemen.
Methods: This community-based, cross-sectional study recruited 400 under-five children from two rural districts of Al-Mahweet governorate in December 2019. Demographic characteristics (gender, age, education and occupation of the child's parents, and household size) and risk factors associated with malaria were collected through interviews with children's caregivers using a structured questionnaire. Finger-prick blood was screened for Plasmodium falciparum and non-falciparum species using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), and duplicate Giemsa-stained thick and thin blood films were examined for malaria parasites. The density of asexual P. falciparum stages was also estimated. Data were then analysed, and the agreement between the results of thick-film microscopy and RDTs for diagnosing falciparum malaria was assessed using the kappa index. Statistical significance was set at a P-value of < 0.05.
Results: Plasmodium falciparum was prevalent among 9.8% (95% CI 7.0-13.1) of under-five children in the rural communities of Al-Mahweet, with a median asexual parasite density of 763 ± 2606 parasites/μl of blood (range: 132-4280) and low-to-moderate parasitaemia levels. Approximately one-third of microscopy-confirmed cases were gametocyte carriers. Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed that age of three years or older (AOR = 5.6, 95% CI 1.6-19.8; P = 0.007), not sleeping under a mosquito net the previous night of the survey (AOR = 8.0, 95% CI 2.4-27.4; P = 0.001), sleeping outdoors at night (AOR = 4.4, 95% CI 2.0-10.0; P < 0.001), and absence of indoor residual spraying (IRS) during the last year (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI 1.9-9.4; P < 0.001) were the independent predictors of falciparum malaria among under-five children in the rural communities of Al-Mahweet. The observed percentage agreement between thick-film microscopy and RDTs was 98.5%, with a very good agreement (k-index = 0.9) between the two methods for falciparum malaria diagnosis that was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Approximately one in ten under-five children in rural communities of Al-Mahweet is infected with P. falciparum based on microscopy and RDTs. Age of three years or older, not sleeping under mosquito nets, sleeping outdoors at night and absence of IRS can independently predict falciparum malaria among them. The very good agreement between thick-film microscopy and RDTs for diagnosing falciparum malaria in children supports the usefulness of using RDTs in such resource-limited rural communities.
(© 2022. The Author(s).)

المؤلفون: Noushad M; College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Al-Awar MS; Faculty of Applied Science, Amran University, Amran, Yemen.; Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Medical Science, Al-Razi University, Sana'a, Yemen., Al-Saqqaf IS; School of Social Sciences, Main Campus, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia., Nassani MZ; College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia., Alrubaiee GG; Department of Community Health, Faculty of Nursing, Ha'il University, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia., Rastam S; Department of Clinical Sciences, Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

المصدر: Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America [Clin Infect Dis] 2022 Nov 14; Vol. 75 (10), pp. 1827-1833.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9203213 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1537-6591 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10584838 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Infect Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: COVID-19*/epidemiology , COVID-19*/prevention & control , Vaccines*, Humans ; Female ; Male ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Vaccination ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Vaccination Hesitancy ; Yemen/epidemiology

مستخلص: Background: Vaccine hesitancy and vaccine inequity are 2 major hurdles toward achieving population immunity to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although several studies have been published on vaccine hesitancy among numerous populations, there is inadequate information on any potential correlation between vaccine acceptance and lack of access to vaccines. Our cross-sectional study in a low-income country aimed to fill this gap.
Methods: We conducted a nation-wide cross-sectional survey among the general population in Yemen, a low-income conflict country. Participants from all provinces in Yemen were included in the study. We evaluated factors that influence agreement to accept a COVID-19 vaccine and any potential correlation between vaccine hesitancy and lack of access to vaccines.
Results: Overall, 50.1% of the 5329 respondents agreed to accept a COVID-19 vaccine. Only 39.9% of participants agreed that they had access to a COVID-19 vaccine, with females indicating lower access than males. Potential determinants of vaccine acceptance included being male, updating self on the development of vaccines against COVID-19, opinion about severity of COVID-19, anxiety about contracting COVID-19, concerns about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines, and lack of access to vaccines.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that the immediate threat in Yemen toward achieving population immunity is the severe shortage and lack of access to vaccines, rather than vaccine hesitancy.
Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. All authors: No reported conflicts of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest.
(© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)