المؤلفون: Mercadal i Corominas, Gabriel

المساهمون: University/Department: Universitat de Girona. Institut de Medi Ambient, University/Department: Universitat de Girona. Departament de Ciències Ambientals

مرشدي الرسالة: Vilar Sais, Lluís

المصدر: TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Prats de dall, Hay meadows, Prados de siega, Gestió ambiental, Environmental management, Gestión ambiental, Flora, Vegetació, Vegetation, Vegetación, Catalunya, Catalonia, Europa occidental, Western Europe

الوصف: The hay meadows in the Mediterranean region of Catalonia. Geobotanical characterisation, agri-environmental assessment, and study of the phytosociological relationships between hay meadows in Western Europe We locate and describe geobotanically and agro-environmentally the hay meadows in the Mediterranean region of Catalonia and the surrounding Central European region, one of the traditional crops with the greatest cultural, agricultural and natural interest of Catalonia. The text is structured into 5 chapters. 1. Introduction: We clarify and define nomenclatural aspects of the term “prats de dall” (hay meadow) and we explain the historical evolution of the meadow area in the Catalan Mediterranean region, from its origins to the present. 2. Mapping: We delimit the study area and describe the geobotanical characteristics of each inventory meadow. 3. Flora: We present the floral catalogue of the hay meadows in the study area (809 taxa, 17 are new for the flora of Catalonia). 4. Vegetation: We study the syntaxa of the study area geobotanically and compare them with the rest of the meadows in Western Europe. We analyze 211 syntaxa and characterize 80 (30 new). 5. Meadow management: We indicate the main agricultural and livestock techniques for maintaining, improving and restoring the hay meadows in the study area.

الوصف (مترجم): Localitzem i descrivim geobotànicament i agroambientalment els prats de dall de la terra baixa catalana i de la muntanya mitjana adjacent, un dels cultius tradicionals amb més interès cultural, agrícola i natural de Catalunya. El text s’estructura en 5 capítols. 1. Introducció: aclarim aspectes nomenclaturals sobre el terme “prat de dall” i expliquem l’evolució històrica de la superfície pradenca a la regió mediterrània catalana, des dels seus orígens fins a l’actualitat. 2. Cartografia: delimitem l’àrea d’estudi i descrivim les característiques geobotàniques de cada prat inventariat. 3. Flora: presentem el catàleg florístic dels prats de l’àrea d’estudi (809 tàxons, 17 nous per a la flora de Catalunya). 4. Vegetació: estudiem geobotànicament els sintàxons de l’àrea d’estudi i els comparem amb la resta de prats de dall de l’Europa occidental. Analitzem 211 sintàxons i en caracteritzem 80 (30 nous). 5. Gestió pradenca: indiquem les principals tècniques agropecuàries per al manteniment, la millora i la restauració dels prats de dall de l’àrea d’estudi.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669044

المؤلفون: Pissarro, Camille

الموضوعات: Prints, French 19th century., Prints, French 20th century., Trees., Peasants., Hay., Hats., Hay as feed., Estampe française 19e siècle., Estampe française 20e siècle., Arbres., Paysannerie., Foin., peasants., peasantry., trees (woody plants), Hay as feed, Hats, Hay, Peasants, Prints, French, Trees

مصطلحات الفهرس: printouts., Etchings., Aquatints., laid paper.

URL: http://www.clarkart.edu/museum_programs/index.cfm?ID=85

المؤلفون: Rivière, Henri

الموضوعات: Prints, French 19th century., Prints, French 20th century., Horses., Stacks (Hay, grain, etc.), Horses, Estampe française 19e siècle., Estampe française 20e siècle., Chevaux., Balles de foin., houses., Horses, Prints, French, Stacks (Hay, grain, etc.)

مصطلحات الفهرس: printouts., lithographs., wove paper., Lithographs, Lithographs., Lithographies.

URL: http://www.clarkart.edu/museum_programs/index.cfm?ID=85

المؤلفون: Bordin, Clara, Raspa, Federica, Harris, Patricia, Ellis, Andrea Dorothea, Roggero, Angela, Palestrini, Claudia, Bergero, Domenico, Valle, Emanuela

المصدر: Journal of Animal Physiology & Animal Nutrition; May2024 Supplement 1, Vol. 108, p3-14, 12p

مصطلحات موضوعية: HAY as feed, MULTIVARIATE analysis, POSTURE, PONIES, ANIMAL morphology, NECK, ANIMAL feeds, HAY, MORPHOMETRICS

مستخلص: The application of hay feeding devices, such as the use of hay nets or slow feeders, can help with the management of weight in ponies; however, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding their effect on equine posture. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of different feeding devices on the posture of ponies using morphometric analysis. Two different breed types, Shetland type (SH, n = 5) versus Welsh Cob type (WC, n = 4), were fed the same forage in four different ways: on the ground (G), using a fully filled haynet (HF), using a partially filled haynet (HL) and using a slow‐feeder hay box (HB). Video recordings were obtained and then geometric morphometric analysis was applied. Breed morphology was confirmed by body morphometric measurements. Data were analysed statistically using one‐way ANOVA, canonical variate analysis (CVA), principal component analysis (PCA), partial least‐squares (PLS) analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Moreover, a mixed model was performed to study differences in mandibular angle. SH and WC ponies were shown to have significantly different body morphometric measurements. The geometric morphometric analysis results showed that ponies arch their back and modify their neck shape differently according to the feeding method and their morphological group. For the neck, the SH and WC ponies adapted similarly to the use of small‐holed hay nets, but their posture varied when feeding from the ground or hay box. The back postures consistently differed according to the breed type and feeding method. The mandibular angle for both breed types was reduced with all the feeding devices compared to feeding from the ground. Further studies are needed to evaluate the long‐term effects of slow‐feeding devices on posture and mandibular angle, taking into consideration animals with different morphologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Dal Prà, Aldo^{Aff1, IDs10457024009798_cor1}, Miglietta, Franco, Genesio, Lorenzo, Lanini, Giuseppe Mario, Bozzi, Riccardo, Morè, Nicola, Greco, Antonino, Fabbri, Maria Chiara

المصدر: Agroforestry Systems: An International Journal incorporating Agroforestry Forum. :1-13

المؤلفون: Burt, Justin C., Baxter, Lisa L., Payne, Sydney L., Hendricks, Taylor J., Stewart, R. Lawton, Tucker, Jennifer J.

المصدر: Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management; Jun2024, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p1-6, 6p

مصطلحات موضوعية: HAY, FEED analysis, BERMUDA grass, ALFALFA, STORAGE

مستخلص: High‐quality forages can benefit from being harvested as baleage when the environmental conditions are not favorable for dry hay production. Currently, it is recommended that baleage should be fed within 9‐months post‐harvest; however, mild winters can reduce the demand for these stored forages. Data are limited on the changes in nutritive value of baleage stored beyond the recommended timepoint. Therefore, the objective was to determine the effect of storage length on nutritive value of forage harvested and stored as baleage. This study evaluated baleage harvested from 2016 to 2018 in Tifton, GA, consisting of either bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.), or a mixture of bermudagrass and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Baleage was sampled for nutritive value analysis at 6‐weeks and 9‐ and 12‐months post‐harvest, with a subset of bales sampled at 24 months. Regardless of forage, crude protein, total digestible nutrients, and in‐vitro dry matter digestibility at 48 h were not impacted in bales sampled up to 12‐months post‐harvest (p > 0.07). However, acid detergent fiber increased when baleage was stored beyond 6 weeks but did not change from 9 to 12 months (p < 0.01). In the subset of bales stored up to 24‐months post‐harvest, all nutritive value parameters evaluated were negatively impacted (p < 0.01). The prolonged storage period may negatively affect the baleage plastic integrity, resulting in a decline in nutritive value if anaerobic conditions are not maintained. Future research is warranted to evaluate the changes in the fermentation profile of baleage under extended storage conditions. Plain Language Summary: High quality forages can benefit from being harvested as baleage when the environmental conditions are not favorable for dry hay production. Currently, it is recommended that baleage should be fed within 9‐months post‐harvest; however, mild winters can reduce the demand for these stored forages. Data are limited on the changes in nutritive value of baleage stored beyond the recommended timepoint. Therefore, the objective was to determine the effect of storage length on nutritive value of forage harvested and stored as baleage. Baleage was sampled at four timepoints: 6‐weeks and 9‐, 12‐, and 24‐months post‐harvest. Nutritive value of baleage was not negatively impacted for storage up to 12 months. Storage up to 24 months reported a drop in nutritive value likely due to ability to maintain bale integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Krone, Birthe, Hummel, Jürgen, Riek, Alexander, Clauss, Marcus, Hünerberg, Martin

المصدر: Journal of Animal Physiology & Animal Nutrition; May2024, Vol. 108 Issue 3, p700-710, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: SHEEP feeding, RUMINATION (Cognition), GOATS, NUMBERS of species, HAY, VIDEO recording

مستخلص: Rumination is reported to be more pronounced in sheep compared to goats. This study compared the feeding and rumination behaviour of small ruminants and consisted of two experiments (E1 and E2). In E1, four sheep and four goats were offered low‐quality hay (NDFom: 692 g/kg dry matter [DM]), processed to two chop lengths (long hay [LH]: 35 mm; short hay [SH]: 7 mm) in a 2 × 2 factorial (2 species × 2 chop lengths), cross‐over design. In E2, the same animals were offered moderate‐quality hay (NDFom: 636 g/kg DM) processed as LH and SH. Hay was offered for ad libitum consumption. Feeding and rumination behaviour was evaluated using video recordings. Aspects of rumination like chewing frequency were evaluated for 30 min per day. Faecal samples were analysed for faecal‐N and particle size. There was no species effect on feed intake and organic matter digestibility (faecal N as proxy); however, goats consumed more LH than SH in E1 and E2. There was an effect of species on rumination:eating duration (R:E) ratio (higher in sheep) in E1 but not in E2, where there was a tendency for a species effect on rumination duration. In E1 and E2, sheep had a higher R:E ratio for SH than for LH. For rumination behaviour, there was a species effect for number of daily boli, chewing frequency and chews per day (more in sheep) in E1 and E2. No effect of species was found for faecal particle size. Despite much concordance, feed comminution behaviour differed in some aspects between sheep and goats. In an evolutionary context, a shift of significance of rumination could be triggered by a higher amount of abrasives in natural diets of sheep, rendering a shift of chewing towards ruminally prewashed material a rewarding strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of Animal Physiology & Animal Nutrition is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Saldanha, Rodrigo B., de Carvalho, Gleidson G. P., Rodrigues, Carlindo S., Silva, Tarcizio V. B. S., Pina, Douglas dos S., Alba, Henry D. R., Santos, Stefanie A., Tosto, Manuela S. L., Romão, Claudio de O.

المصدر: Agronomy; May2024, Vol. 14 Issue 5, p1039, 10p

مصطلحات موضوعية: HARVESTING time, PIGEON pea, HAY, CACTUS, SILAGE, RUMINANT nutrition

مستخلص: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of giant cactus harvest time and the inclusion of pigeon pea hay in improving the ensiling process and the nutritional composition of cactus silage. In total, 40 polyvinyl chloride-PVC mini-silos (10 × 40 cm) were used. Mini-silos were distributed in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme, referent to 2 harvest times (18 and 24 months) and 5 levels (0, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) of pigeon pea hay inclusion in a randomized design. Effluent losses (p < 0.001) showed a negative linear effect as the inclusion of pigeon pea hay increased. Gas losses (p < 0.001), dry matter (DM) recovery (p < 0.001), and pH (p < 0.001) revealed the interactive effects between the pigeon pea hay inclusion and the harvest time. The DM content was higher in the giant cactus harvested at 24 months. The difference in nutritional composition promoted by the harvest time did not affect the silage quality. The gradual inclusion of pigeon pea hay improved the fermentative and bromatological characteristics of giant cactus silage. It is important to highlight that the inclusion of pigeon pea hay contributed to the increase in pH without affecting the necessary acidity for ideal conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Agronomy is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Netthisinghe, Annesly, Woosley, Paul, Strunk, William, Agga, Getahun, Sistani, Karamat

المصدر: Agronomy; May2024, Vol. 14 Issue 5, p952, 19p

مصطلحات موضوعية: COMPOSTING, BIOCHAR, PHYTOTOXICITY, TOMATOES, PLANT injuries, WEED control, HAY, MANURES

مستخلص: Aminopyralid (2-pyridine carboxylic acid, 4-amino-3, 6-dichloro-2-pyridine carboxylic acid) is an auxin herbicide that has been used widely to control broadleaf weeds in pasture and hay fields. With no post-application withdrawal time, aminopyralid absorbed into forage material can contaminate compost feed stocks such as hay, grass bedding material, and manure. Composts derived from such feed stocks raises concerns about after-effect injuries to sensitive crops by residual aminopyralids. Biochar (BC) additive may affect the composting process and immobilizes organic pollutants. This study examined the effect of composting dairy manure/sawdust 1:1 mixture containing 10 ppb (wet) of aminopyralid with 0%, 2%, 4%, and 10% (w/w) BC levels on chemical and biological characteristics of compost, residual aminopyralid concentration, and intensity of plant injury to tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants after composting in 140 L plastic rotary drum reactors for two 6-month cycles. Biochar addition decreased organic matter degradation and intensified reduction in residual aminopyralid levels in a dose-dependent manner. Composting with BC concentrated more N, P, and K, caused mild plant injuries, and increased the above ground biomass compared to the no BC incorporation. Addition of BC for composting aminopyralid-contaminated dairy manure can increase the phyto safety level of compost while enhancing the key fertilizer values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Agronomy is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Rodrigues, Rosane C., Miranda, Bruno Eduardo Caxias, Santos, Edson Mauro, Santos, Francisco Naysson de Sousa, Silva, Eduarda Castro, Olivera-Viciedo, Dilier, Zanine, Anderson de Moura, Silva, Raphael Ramos, Santos, Antonio Marcos da Penha, Marinho, Izakiel Reis, Teixeira, Maciel Costa

المصدر: Crop & Pasture Science; 2024, Vol. 75 Issue 5, p1-11, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: SILAGE, SILAGE fermentation, HAY, AGRICULTURAL productivity, NUTRITIONAL value, FORAGE plants, WEEDS, GRASSES

مصطلحات جغرافية: TANZANIA

مستخلص: Context: Seasonal variations between the rain and dry seasons are the main obstacle to agricultural productivity in tropical regions, making it essential to conserve surplus for periods of scarcity. One of the limiting factors in ensiling grasses is moisture, requiring the use of additives or withering. Using a mixture of grasses and legumes can be an alternative to balance the advantages and disadvantages of both in the ensiling process, and mata-pasto hay (MPH) can be an option. Aims: This study evaluated different forms of Tanzania grass (Megathyrsus maximum) and MPH silages, as well as silages with increasing levels of MPH. Methods: Silages of Tanzania grass and MPH in their natural form, as well as silages with increasing doses of MPH, were evaluated for nutritional value, degradability in situ. The microbiology was also evaluated. Key results: Among the types of silages, natural MPH and wilted MPH were superior to natural Tanzania grass silage. The use of MPH in Tanzania grass silages improves fermentation processes, the population of beneficial microorganisms, resulting in better nutritional value of these silages. Conclusions: Natural and wilted MPH hay silages are qualitatively better compared to natural Tanzania grass silage. Increasing doses of MPH improve the quality of the silage. A recommended dose is 30% of MPH hay. Implications: Adding MPH to silages is a way to reduce the negative impacts of this weed on pastures. However, further studies with the use of complementary additives are needed. The seasonality between the rainy and dry seasons is a challenge for tropical agriculture. This study evaluated different forms of ensiling Tanzania grass (Megathyrsus maximum) and forest pasture hay (FPH) aiming to improve the conservation and nutritional value of silages. Results showed that the use of 30% FPH improved the fermentative processes and the nutritional value of the silages. This strategy can reduce the negative impacts of weeds on pastures, although further research is needed for complementary additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Crop & Pasture Science is the property of CSIRO Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)