المؤلفون: Carboni J; Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Uniondale, NY., Basalely A; Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Uniondale, NY; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY., Singer P; Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Uniondale, NY; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY., Castellanos L; Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Uniondale, NY; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY., Sethna CB; Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Uniondale, NY; Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY; Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY. Electronic address: csethna@northwell.edu.

المصدر: The Journal of pediatrics [J Pediatr] 2023 Nov; Vol. 262, pp. 113616. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 18.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Mosby Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0375410 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-6833 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00223476 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pediatr Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Cardiometabolic Risk Factors* , Cardiovascular Diseases*/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases*/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases*/prevention & control, Humans ; Adolescent ; United States/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Uric Acid ; Diet/adverse effects ; Dietary Fiber

المؤلفون: Li T; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China., Xie Y; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China., Tao S; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China., Zou L; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China., Yang Y; School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, 15 Feicui Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China., Tao F; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China., Wu X; Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. xywu@ahmu.edu.cn.; MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. xywu@ahmu.edu.cn.; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. xywu@ahmu.edu.cn.; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China. xywu@ahmu.edu.cn.

المصدر: BMC public health [BMC Public Health] 2023 Oct 11; Vol. 23 (1), pp. 1966. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 11.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968562 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2458 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712458 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Cardiovascular Diseases*/epidemiology , Chronotype* , Insulin Resistance* , Cardiometabolic Risk Factors*, Humans ; Young Adult ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; East Asian People ; Insulins ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors

المؤلفون: Magnussen C; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ojeda FM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Leong DP; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Alegre-Diaz J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Amouyel P; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Aviles-Santa L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., De Bacquer D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ballantyne CM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Bernabé-Ortiz A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Bobak M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Brenner H; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Carrillo-Larco RM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., de Lemos J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Dobson A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Dörr M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Donfrancesco C; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Drygas W; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Dullaart RP; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Engström G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ferrario MM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ferrières J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., de Gaetano G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Goldbourt U; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Gonzalez C; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Grassi G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Hodge AM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Hveem K; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Iacoviello L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ikram MK; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Irazola V; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Jobe M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Jousilahti P; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Kaleebu P; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Kavousi M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Kee F; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Khalili D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Koenig W; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Kontsevaya A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Kuulasmaa K; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Lackner KJ; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Leistner DM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Lind L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Linneberg A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Lorenz T; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Lyngbakken MN; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Malekzadeh R; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Malyutina S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Mathiesen EB; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Melander O; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Metspalu A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Miranda JJ; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Moitry M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Mugisha J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Nalini M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Nambi V; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ninomiya T; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Oppermann K; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., d'Orsi E; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Pająk A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Palmieri L; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Panagiotakos D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Perianayagam A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Peters A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Poustchi H; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Prentice AM; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Prescott E; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Risérus U; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Salomaa V; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Sans S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Sakata S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Schöttker B; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Schutte AE; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Sepanlou SG; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Sharma SK; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Shaw JE; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Simons LA; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Söderberg S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Tamosiunas A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Thorand B; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Tunstall-Pedoe H; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Twerenbold R; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Vanuzzo D; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Veronesi G; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Waibel J; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Wannamethee SG; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Watanabe M; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Wild PS; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Yao Y; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Zeng Y; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Ziegler A; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland., Blankenberg S; The authors' affiliations are as follows: the Center for Population Health Innovation, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (C.M., F.M.O., T.L., R.T., J.W., A.Z., S.B.), the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck (C.M., T.L., R.T., J.W., S.B.), the Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, and Network Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg (H.B., B.S.), the Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, and DZHK Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald (M.D.), DZHK Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (W.K., A. Peters), the German Heart Center, Technical University of Munich (W.K.), and the Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München (A. Peters, B.T.), Munich, the Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm (W.K.), the Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (K.J.L.), Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine (P.S.W.), and Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (P.S.W.), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main (K.J.L., P.S.W.), and Institute for Molecular Biology (P.S.W.), Mainz, the University Heart and Vascular Center Frankfurt, DZHK Partner Site Rhine-Main, Frankfurt (D.M.L.), the Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (A. Peters, B.T.), and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) Partner Site Munich-Neuherberg (A. Peters, B.T.), Neuherberg - all in Germany; the Department of Medicine (Cardiology), McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada (D.P.L.); the Experimental Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City (J.A.-D.), and Centro de Estudios en Diabetes, Centro de Investigacion en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca (C.G.) - both in Mexico; Université de Lille, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier University de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR1167-RID-AGE-Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Diseases, Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Lille (P.A.), the Department of Cardiology, INSERM UMR1295, Toulouse Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse (J.F.), and the Department of Public Health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg (M.M.) - all in France; the Division of Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (L.A.-S.), and the Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (M.N.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; the Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium (D.D.B.); the Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine (C.M.B.), and Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine (V.N.), Houston, and the Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (J.L.) - all in Texas; the CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru (A.B.-O., J.J.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health (M.B.) and the Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health (S.G.W.), University College London, London, the Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast (F.K.), and the Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, University of Dundee, Dundee (H.T.-P.) - all in the United Kingdom; the Emory Global Diabetes Research Center and Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta (R.M.C.-L.); the School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane (A.D.), the Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Cancer Council Victoria (A.M.H.), the Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne (A.M.H.), and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (J.E.S.), Melbourne, the Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney (J.J.M.), and the George Institute for Global Health (A.E.S.), Sydney, and the School of Population Health (A.E.S.), University of New South Wales, Kensington (L.A.S.) - all in Australia; the Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome (C.D., L.P.), the Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese (M.M.F., L.I., G.V.), the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (G. de Gaetano, L.I.), Clinica Medica, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan (G. Grassi), and the MONICA (Monitoring Cardiovascular Diseases)-Friuli Study Group, Udine (D.V.) - all in Italy; the Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Cardiology, and Lazarski University, Warsaw (W.D.), and the Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow (A. Pajak) - all in Poland; the Department of Endocrinology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen (R.P.D.), and the Departments of Neurology (M.K.I.) and Epidemiology (M.K.I., M.K.), Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam - both in the Netherlands; the Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö (G.E., O.M.), the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University (U.R.), and the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala (L.L.), and the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, University of Umea, Umea (S. Söderberg) - all in Sweden; the Department of Epidemiology, Tel Aviv University School of Public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel (U.G.); HUNT (Trøndelag Health Study) Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger (K.H.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Trondheim(K.H.), the Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog (M.N.L.), the K.G. Jebsen Center for Cardiac Biomarkers, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo (M.N.L.), and the Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Tromsø the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (E.B.M.) - all in Norway; the Department of Chronic Diseases, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires (V.I.); Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia (M.J., A.M.P.); the Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki (P.J., K.K., V.S.); Medical Research Council-Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda (P.K., J.M.); the Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (D.K.), the Liver and Pancreaticobiliary Disease Research Center (R.M.), the Digestive Oncology Research Center (R.M., H.P.), and the Digestive Disease Research Center (R.M., M.N., H.P., S.G.S.), Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences - all in Tehran, Iran; the National Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.K.), and the Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine-Branch of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk (S.M.) - both in Russia; the Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences (A.L.), and the Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital (E.P.), University of Copenhagen, and the Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital (A.L.) - both in Copenhagen; the Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia (A.M.); the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka (T.N., S. Sakata), and the Global Center of Excellence Program Study Group, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata (M.W.) - both in Japan; the School of Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo (K.O.), and the Department of Public Health, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis (E.O.) - both in Brazil; the School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece (D.P.); the National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi (A. Perianayagam), and the International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai (A. Perianayagam) - both in India; the Catalan Department of Health, Barcelona (S. Sans); the Hypertension in Africa Research Team, South African Medical Research Council Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom (A.E.S.), and the School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg (A.Z.) - both in South Africa; the Department of Internal Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal (S.K.S.); the Laboratory of Population Studies, Institute of Cardiology, and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (A.T.); the China Center for Health Development Studies (Y.Y.) and Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies, National School of Development (Y.Z.), Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases, Peking University, Ministry of Education (Y.Y.) - both in Beijing; the Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development and Geriatrics Division, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Z.); and Cardio-CARE, Davos (A.Z., S.B.), and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne (A.Z.) - both in Switzerland.

مؤلفون مشاركون: Global Cardiovascular Risk Consortium

المصدر: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2023 Oct 05; Vol. 389 (14), pp. 1273-1285. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 26.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Meta-Analysis

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Cardiovascular Diseases*/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases*/mortality , Heart Disease Risk Factors*, Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/adverse effects ; Internationality

المؤلفون: Williams A; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH USA., Nolan TS; The Ohio State University College of Nursing Columbus OH USA., Brock G; Department of Biomedical Informatics The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH USA., Garner J; The School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH USA.; John Glenn College of Public Affairs The Ohio State University Columbus OH USA., Brewer LC; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Preventive Cardiology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester MN USA.; Center for Health Equity and Community Engagement Research Mayo Clinic Rochester MN USA., Sanchez EJ; American Heart Association Dallas TX USA., Joseph JJ; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH USA.

المصدر: Journal of the American Heart Association [J Am Heart Assoc] 2023 Sep 19; Vol. 12 (18), pp. e029254. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 13.

نوع المنشور: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101580524 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2047-9980 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20479980 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Heart Assoc Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Ethnicity*/statistics & numerical data , Social Class* , Heart Disease Risk Factors*, Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Hispanic or Latino ; Nutrition Surveys ; United States/epidemiology ; White ; Risk Factors ; Black or African American ; Asian

المؤلفون: Hyvärinen M; Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Finland. Electronic address: matti.v.hyvarinen@jyu.fi., Karvanen J; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Finland. Electronic address: juha.t.karvanen@jyu.fi., Juppi HK; Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Finland. Electronic address: hanna.k.juppi@jyu.fi., Karppinen JE; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Finland. Electronic address: jari.e.j.karppinen@jyu.fi., Tammelin TH; LIKES, JAMK University of Applied Sciences, Piippukatu 2, 40100 Jyväskylä, Finland. Electronic address: tuija.tammelin@jamk.fi., Kovanen V; Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Finland., Aukee P; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Wellbeing Services County of Central Finland, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland. Electronic address: pauliina.aukee@hyvaks.fi., Sipilä S; Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Finland. Electronic address: sarianna.sipila@jyu.fi., Rantalainen T; Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Finland. Electronic address: timo.rantalainen@jyu.fi., Laakkonen EK; Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Finland. Electronic address: eija.k.laakkonen@jyu.fi.

المصدر: Maturitas [Maturitas] 2023 Aug; Vol. 174, pp. 39-47. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 23.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 7807333 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-4111 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03785122 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Maturitas Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Cardiometabolic Risk Factors* , Cardiovascular Diseases*/epidemiology , Menopause*/physiology, Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Cholesterol ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucose ; Longitudinal Studies ; Risk Factors ; Triglycerides

المؤلفون: Robson SM; Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, University of Delaware, 26 N College Avenue, Newark, DE, 19716, USA. robson@udel.edu., Alvarado AV; Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, University of Delaware, 26 N College Avenue, Newark, DE, 19716, USA., Baker-Smith CM; Pediatric Preventive Cardiology Program, Nemours Children's Health, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.

المصدر: Current atherosclerosis reports [Curr Atheroscler Rep] 2023 Aug; Vol. 25 (8), pp. 509-515. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jul 08.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 100897685 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1534-6242 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15233804 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Atheroscler Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Diet* , Cardiometabolic Risk Factors*, Adolescent ; Humans ; Child ; United States ; Child, Preschool ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Meals ; Diet, Healthy ; Feeding Behavior ; Risk Factors

المؤلفون: Dote-Montero M; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain. manueldote@ugr.es., Acosta FM; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.; Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland., Sanchez-Delgado G; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain., Merchan-Ramirez E; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain., Amaro-Gahete FJ; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain.; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain., Labayen I; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain.; Institute for Sustainability and Food Chain Innovation (ISFOOD), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.; Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Campus de Arrosadia, Pamplona, Spain., Ruiz JR; Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sports Science, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain. ruizj@ugr.es.; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Granada, Spain. ruizj@ugr.es.; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Ibs.Granada, Granada, Spain. ruizj@ugr.es.

المصدر: European journal of nutrition [Eur J Nutr] 2023 Aug; Vol. 62 (5), pp. 2303-2315. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Apr 26.

نوع المنشور: Clinical Trial; Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Steinkopff Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 100888704 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1436-6215 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14366207 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Cardiometabolic Risk Factors* , Cardiovascular Diseases*/epidemiology, Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult ; Body Composition ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Risk Factors

المؤلفون: Aggarwal R; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts., Wadhera RK; Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.

المصدر: JAMA [JAMA] 2023 Jul 25; Vol. 330 (4), pp. 379-380.

نوع المنشور: Letter; Comment

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7501160 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1538-3598 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00987484 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Cardiovascular Diseases*/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases*/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases*/therapy , Heart Disease Risk Factors*, Adult ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology

المؤلفون: Goldenberg E; Sidney Kimmel Medical School, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

المصدر: JAMA [JAMA] 2023 Jul 25; Vol. 330 (4), pp. 379.

نوع المنشور: Letter; Comment

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7501160 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1538-3598 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00987484 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Cardiovascular Diseases*/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases*/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases*/therapy , Heart Disease Risk Factors*, Adult ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; United States/epidemiology

المؤلفون: Wild S; Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK. Electronic address: sarah.wild@ed.ac.uk.

المصدر: The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology [Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol] 2023 Jul; Vol. 11 (7), pp. 444-446. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Jun 07.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Comment

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: The Lancet, Diabetes & Endocrinology Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101618821 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2213-8595 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22138587 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Cardiometabolic Risk Factors* , Cardiovascular Diseases*/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases*/etiology, Adult ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; India/epidemiology