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المؤلفون: Najeeb Jahan, Sayeedur Rahman
المصدر: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 3, Pp 500-505 (2021)
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicineمصطلحات موضوعية: Unani system of medicine, Traditional medicine, medicine.drug_class, Group ii, Mazaryun, RZ409.7-999, Diclofenac Sodium, Daphne oleoides, Anti-inflammatory, Carrageenan, chemistry.chemical_compound, Anti-inflammatory activity, Complementary and alternative medicine, chemistry, Phytochemical, Original Research Article (Experimental), Drug Discovery, medicine, Analysis of variance, Detoxification, Miscellaneous systems and treatments, Paw edema
الوصف: Background: Mazaryun (Daphne oleoides Schreb.) is used as an anti-inflammatory drug in Unani medicine after detoxification, as it is defined under fourth-degree drugs. Objective(s): To evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory activity of crude and detoxified Mazaryun in maximum and minimum doses. Materials and methods: Anti-inflammatory activity was carried out by carrageenan-induced paw edema test. Wistar rats of either sex, weighing 150–200 gm, were divided into seven groups (I, II, IIIA, IIIB, IVA, IVB, and V) of six animals in each. Group I - plain control, administered with 1 ml of 1% CarboxyMethyl Cellulose (CMC); Group II - standard control, given Diclofenac Sodium (6 mg/kg); Group III - crude Mazaryun and Group IV - detoxified Mazaryun, A and B are maximum and minimum doses of test drug, respectively; and V group - positive control was not treated with any other drugs. The data was statistically analyzed by ANOVA repeated for inter-group analysis and ANOVA one-way for intra-group analysis with post hoc Tukey Kramer multiple comparison test. The GC–MS analysis of crude and detoxified leaves of Mazaryun was also carried out in continuation of study to determine the phytochemical changes before and after detoxification. Results: Maximum dose of detoxified Mazaryun and standard control groups showed significant anti–inflammatory activity at p
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المؤلفون: Sunil S. More, K.S. Ananthraju, Shwetha Vasudev, Veena S. More
المصدر: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 3, Pp 458-464 (2021)مصطلحات موضوعية: VIPeR, Naja, Antivenom, Echis carinatus, Herbal cocktail, Venom, Viper Venoms, complex mixtures, Bungarus, Drug Discovery, Miscellaneous systems and treatments, biology, Traditional medicine, RZ409.7-999, Naja naja, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, people.cause_of_death, Bungarus caeruleus, Complementary and alternative medicine, Venomous snake, Original Research Article (Experimental), people, Snake envenomation, Daboia russelii
الوصف: Background Venomous snake bites cause acute medical emergencies and are fatal. India accounts for large proportion of snake-bite deaths globally. Medically important ‘BIG FOUR’ snakes of India are Bungarus caeruleus (krait), Naja naja (cobra), Echis carinatus (saw-scaled viper) and Daboia russelii (Russell's viper). Polyherbal formulations have been proved to be effective in treatment of diseases than a single formulation. Objective(s) To evaluate aqueous ethanolic extract cocktail of Azadirachata indica, Butea monosperma, Citrus limon, Clerodendrum serratum and Areca catechu for antidote potential against BIG FOUR venoms in ex vivo and in vivo model. Materials and methods Anti-hemorrhagic and venom neutralization studies were performed in seven-day old chick embryo model for ex vivo studies. In vivo studies were performed using male Swiss albino mice for antivenom potential of herbal cocktail by performing anti-edematic, anti-hemorrhagic, anti-myotoxic activity, and venom neutralization. Results Herbal cocktail exhibited differential venom inhibition potential against four venoms tested. Hemorrhagic activity was completely neutralized by the herbal cocktail; myotoxic activities of krait and Russell's viper venom were neutralized; while anti-edematic activity was observed for krait and cobra venom. Herbal cocktail completely neutralized venom lethality (3∗LD50) of krait and saw-scaled viper venom. Conclusion Inhibitions of various venom components of all four venoms suggests presence of phytochemicals in herbal cocktail with therapeutic properties. Further studies would help in the development of a formulation as a first-aid towards treatment of snake bite victims.
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المؤلفون: B. Priyalatha, Sudhakar Bhat, K.S. Vimala, A.R. Akhilraj
المصدر: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 3, Pp 452-457 (2021)
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicineمصطلحات موضوعية: Plumbago zeylanica, Bilirubin, Decoction, Hepatoprotective activity, chemistry.chemical_compound, Citraka, Drug Discovery, medicine, Plumbago zeylanica L, Miscellaneous systems and treatments, Creatinine, biology, Traditional medicine, business.industry, RZ409.7-999, biology.organism_classification, Acetaminophen, Plumbago, Paracetamol, Complementary and alternative medicine, chemistry, Original Research Article (Experimental), Plumbago rosea L, Toxicity, Alkaline phosphatase, business, medicine.drug
الوصف: Background Paracetamol (acetaminophen) toxicity is considered to be one of the major causes of drug-induced hepatic failure. Citraka (Plumbago rosea L. and Plumbago zeylanica L.) was mentioned in Ayurveda classics as a remedy in liver disorders. Objective(s) The aim of the study was to experimentally evaluate the comparative effect of hepatoprotective activity of detoxified root decoction of the two species of Citraka against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in male Wistar albino rats. Materials and methods The hepatoprotective effect of Citraka decoction of two species was evaluated by the assessment of biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and serum creatinine. The study was also supported by histopathological assessment of liver sections. Results The results showed the elevated concentration of biochemical markers and histopathological degenerative changes in animals treated with paracetamol indicating severe hepatic damage; whereas, the treatment with decoction of both the species of Citraka showed significant reduction in the serum markers and regenerative changes in the histopathological specimens pointing towards its effectiveness as a hepatoprotective drug. Conclusion The present study showed Citraka’s effectiveness as a hepatoprotective drug and proved that the detoxified root decoction of P. rosea L. has a significant protective activity against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity than P. zeylanica L.
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المؤلفون: Jollykutty Eapen, S. Neethu, S.K. Veena, K.V. Radhakrishnan, V.C. Indulekha
المصدر: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 3, Pp 489-499 (2021)
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicineمصطلحات موضوعية: Cuminum, Hplc quantification, biology, Traditional medicine, Respiratory ailments, Sida cordifolia, RZ409.7-999, Decoction, Phytochemical analysis, Standard methods, Marker phytoconstituents, biology.organism_classification, Standardization, HPLC quantification, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytochemical, Original Research Article (Experimental), Drug Discovery, Nayopayam kwatha, Miscellaneous systems and treatments
الوصف: Background Nayopayam kwatha (NK) is a well-known polyherbal formulation widely used to cure respiratory ailments, heart problems, and postnatal difficulties. Literature suggests that so far no standardization protocol was developed for NK to validate its quality and purity. Objective(s) To develop a standardization protocol for NK based on the marker phytoconstituents present in the individual herbs of the formulation. Materials and methods The roots of bala [Sida cordifolia (B1) and Sida retusa (B2)], seeds of jeeraka (Cuminum cyminum), and rhizomes of nagara (Zingiber officinale) were the ingredients of NK. Since there were two source plants for bala, two sets of NK (NKB1 and NKB2) were prepared in the ratio 3:2:1 as per Vaidya Manorama and 10:1:1 as per Arogyaraksha Kalpadruma along with 1:1:1 as per the general way of Ayurvedic polyherbal decoctions. Both the individual herbs and the kwatha (decoction) prepared were analyzed in terms of pharmacognostical, organoleptic, and physcicochemical parameters as per the standard methods. Phytochemical analysis of the individual herbs resulted in the isolation of major phytoconstituents and the kwatha was quantified in terms of marker compounds with the aid of HPLC. Results HPLC quantification suggests that appreciable amount of marker phytoconstituents of individual herbs are present in the kwatha. Thus, the isolated compounds luteolin (C. cyminum), 6-gingerol (Z. officinale), β-sitosterol (S. retusa), and ecdysterone (S. cordifolia) can be used as markers to standardize NK. Conclusion Characteristics of NK, as well as its individual drugs, were well-established. The present study of NK with respect to its phytochemistry revealed that the classical drug ratios of the polyherbal formulation are of utmost importance rather than the ingredients in equal proportion. The characterization parameters of individual herbs and kwatha described in this study may serve as a standard reference for quality control analysis of NK and the method developed in this study can be used as a reliable technique for standardization of NK to ensure the purity and quality of raw drugs used.
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المصدر: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 254-260 (2021)
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicineمصطلحات موضوعية: Antioxidant, biology, Traditional medicine, Chemistry, Thiobarbituric acid, medicine.medical_treatment, Alkaloid, RZ409.7-999, Superoxide dismutase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Alkaloids, Complementary and alternative medicine, Oxidative stress, Catalase, Original Research Article (Experimental), Piperine, Vegetables, Drug Discovery, Toxicity, Aluminium, biology.protein, medicine, TBARS, Drosophila, Miscellaneous systems and treatments
الوصف: Background Plant alkaloids have become important sources of nutraceuticals owing to their pharmacological importance especially in the management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. In assessing the therapeutic potentials of plant phytochemicals, the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) has emerged as a very veritable tool and has been largely accepted as an alternative model in biomedical research. Objectives In this study, alkaloid extracts from bush apple (Heinsia crinita (Afzel.) G. Taylor and padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub.) leaves were assessed on D. melanogaster exposed to aluminum toxicity. Materials and methods Alkaloid extracts were prepared by solvent extraction method. Thereafter, the extracts were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant properties, Fe2+-chelating abilities and inhibitory effects on drosophila acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The samples were also characterized for their constituent alkaloids via HPLC. Thereafter, effective safe dose of the extracts were determined in D. melanogaster (Harwich strain). Subsequently, flies assaulted with AlCl3 were co-treated with the extracts (8.3 and 16.6 μg/g) for seven days, during which their survival rate was monitored. This was followed by assaying for the activities of AChE, antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione-S-transferase (GST)]. Also, the flies were assayed for levels of thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Results The results revealed that both extracts showed in vitro antioxidant properties with Padauk showing significantly higher antioxidant properties in vitro. However, there was no significant difference in their in vitro AChE inhibition. In vivo, Al-induced toxicity reduced survival rate, elevated AChE, SOD and GST activities, as well as TBARS and ROS levels which were ameliorated by the extracts. It was also revealed that piperine was predominant in PA, while 1-cyclohexen-1-yl-pyrrolidine was predominant in BA. Conclusion Our data suggest that the protective abilities of these extracts against Al-induced toxicity can be primarily associated with their anticholinesterase and metal chelating abilities. Thus, these vegetables can be potential sources of nutraceuticals against aluminum toxicity and associated diseases.
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المؤلفون: S. R. Madhan Shankar, Srinivasan Bhargavi
المصدر: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 283-293 (2021)
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicineمصطلحات موضوعية: Antioxidant, DPPH, medicine.medical_treatment, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Chemometric, 02 engineering and technology, Secondary metabolite, Antioxidant potential, Withania somnifera, Antioxidants, 03 medical and health sciences, Phytomedicine, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, 021105 building & construction, Drug Discovery, medicine, Medicinal plants, Miscellaneous systems and treatments, Traditional medicine, biology, Chemistry, Secondary metabolites, RZ409.7-999, Dual herbal combination, biology.organism_classification, 030205 complementary & alternative medicine, Complementary and alternative medicine, Phytochemical, Original Research Article (Experimental), medicine.drug
الوصف: Background Traditional medicine adequately emphasis plant resources for addressing a wide variety of human ailments by utilizing the naturally occurring phytoconstituents; in particular medicinal plants or parts of plants in combination have prodigious antioxidant potentials. Objective The present study aims to analyze methanolic extract of W. somnifera (W) individually, and in dual combination with five Rasayana herbs P. emblica - (W:P), B. monnieri - (W:B), T. sinensis - (W:T), O. basilicum - (W:O), A. racemosus - (W:A) in three dual ratios [4:1, 1:1, and 1:4]. The efficacy of the combinations is assessed based on their chemometric profiling. Material and methods A total of 15 dual combinatorial methanolic extracts together with W. somnifera were evaluated for their preliminary phytochemical profiles, antioxidant potentials using DPPH and FRAP assays. Five dual samples were selected and analyzed for High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) image-based chemometric profiling followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA)-Heatmaps. Results Qualitative phytochemical analysis of combinatorial extracts exhibited a richness for a variety of phytoconstituents. The antioxidant activity was significantly higher for DPPH IC50 (μg/mL): W = 11.56 ± 3.69; W:P/1:4 = 7.89 ± 1.52; W:O/1:4 = 8.995 ± 2.64 and FRAP (μM FeE/g): W = 4.56 ± 0.54; W:P/1:4 = 138.34 ± 9.25; W:O/1:4 = 15.32 ± 1.64. Chemometric data acquisition displayed improved secondary metabolite close cluster combination with W:O/1:4 and W:P/1:4 than W. somnifera (W) alone. Conclusion The dual herbal combinatorial study revealed that the methanolic combinatorial extracts phytoconstituents correlated with an increase in the antioxidant potential and would serve as a promising source for phytomedicine.
Graphical abstract Image 1
Highlights • Dual herbal combination of W. somnifera (W) in ratios (4:1, 1:1, 1:4) with P. emblica (W:P), B. monnieri (W:B), T. sinensis (W:T), O. basilicum (W:O), A. racemosus (W:A). • Combinatorial extracts expressed different levels of antioxidant capacity. • Strong intensity, better clustering pattern for combinatorial extracts. • Antioxidant potential correlates with improved characterization. -
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المؤلفون: Sandesh R. Wayal, Satyendra K. Prasad, Nilesh R. Rarokar, Nilambari S. Gurav, Shailendra S. Gurav, Manish M. Wanjari
المصدر: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol 12, Iss 2, Pp 294-301 (2021)
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicineمصطلحات موضوعية: Saponification value, Polyherbal formulation, Rat model, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Sexual performance, Vajikarana Rasayana, 02 engineering and technology, Body weight, 03 medical and health sciences, Iodine value, 0302 clinical medicine, 021105 building & construction, Drug Discovery, Vajikaran a Rasayana, Medicine, Aphrodisiac, Peroxide value, Miscellaneous systems and treatments, Indian cow ghee, Traditional medicine, Ayurvedic ghrita, business.industry, RZ409.7-999, 030205 complementary & alternative medicine, Complementary and alternative medicine, Original Research Article (Experimental), business, Ayurveda
الوصف: Background Ghee is widely considered as the Indian name for clarified butterfat and processing of ghee with therapeutic herbs i.e. ghrita is renowned for augmenting their medicinal properties. Kaamdev ghrita (also known as ‘VajikaranaRasayana’) is cow ghee based classical Ayurvedic formulation from the aphrodisiac category, which is used to ameliorate and potentiate sexual performance and also in the treatment of sexual dysfunctions, infertility, and premature ejaculation. Objective Present research work deals with the organoleptic, physicochemical, and biological assessment of Kaamdev ghrita for its aphrodisiac activity using in-vivo animal models. Material and methods Kaamdev ghrita was prepared using Indian cow’s ghee as per standard Ayurvedic classical texts and subjected to organoleptic (color, odor, taste, texture, touch), physicochemical (acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, extractive values, refractive index, and specific gravity) analyses as per the standard pharmacopeial procedures. The aphrodisiac potential of ghrita in rat model was evaluated by monitoring sexual behavioral performance using different parameters (mount frequency and latency, intromission frequency and latency, anogenital grooming and sniffing) at the dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight. Results The physicochemical evaluation of Kaamdev ghrita showed higher acid value, iodine value, refractive index, and specific gravity whereas the lower saponification and peroxide value than the plain ghee. Kaamdev ghrita revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, sterols, terpenoids, coumarins, tannins, and showed remarkable antioxidant activity by in-vitro assays. It augmented the sexual performance in a dose-dependent manner as indicated by significant improvement (P
Graphical abstract Image 1 -
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المؤلفون: Jalagam Anjaneyulu, Vidyashankar R, Ashwini Godbole
المصدر: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 4, Pp 440-447 (2020)
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicineمصطلحات موضوعية: Sida cordifolia, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Withania somnifera, Celastrus paniculatus, Dopaminergic neurons, Neuroprotection, Alpha-synuclein, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ayurvedic nootropics, 021105 building & construction, Drug Discovery, Medicine, Bacopa monnieri, Caenorhabditis elegans, lcsh:Miscellaneous systems and treatments, Centella, biology, Traditional medicine, business.industry, lcsh:RZ409.7-999, biology.organism_classification, Symptomatic relief, 030205 complementary & alternative medicine, Complementary and alternative medicine, Original Research Article (Experimental), Parkinson’s disease, business, Mucuna pruriens, Neuroscience
الوصف: Background Globally, there is increased incidence of Parkinson’s Disease (PD), which is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. The currently available PD-therapeutics provide only symptomatic relief. Thus, there is an urgent need to devise an effective and safe treatment strategy for PD. The holistic approach of Ayurveda can be a potential effective strategy for treating PD. The integration of different medicine systems, such as modern bio-medicine and Ayurveda can be an effective strategy for treatment of complex diseases, including PD. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective mechanism of six Ayurvedic nootropics that are commonly used to treat PD. Material and methods Six Ayurvedic herbs, namely Mucuna pruriens (MP), Bacopa monnieri (BM), Withania somnifera (WS), Centella asiatica (CA), Sida cordifolia (SC), and Celastrus paniculatus (CP), were selected after consultation with Ayurvedic scholars and physicians. The mode of action of methanolic herbal extracts was evaluated using the Caenorhabditis elegans BZ555 and NL5901 strains, which can be used to model the two main hallmarks of PD, namely degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and aggregation of α-synuclein protein. Results All six herbal extracts exhibited neuroprotective effect. The extracts of BM and MP exhibited maximum protection against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+ iodide)-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the BZ555 strain. Furthermore, the herbal extracts, except CA extract, inhibited the aggregation of heterologously expressed human α-synuclein in the NL5901 strain. Conclusion Ayurvedic herbs used in the treatment of PD exhibited differential neuroprotective and protein aggregation mitigating effects in C. elegans.
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المؤلفون: Neelam Atri, Santosh Kumar Singh, Anil Kumar Shukla, Akhileshwar Kumar Srivastava, Anil Kumar Singh, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Monika Singh, Anurag Mishra, Amit Ranjan
المصدر: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, Vol 11, Iss 4, Pp 383-390 (2020)
Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicineمصطلحات موضوعية: 0211 other engineering and technologies, Ethyl acetate, Apoptosis, 02 engineering and technology, DNA laddering, HPTLC, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, 021105 building & construction, Drug Discovery, Petroleum ether, Cell migration, IC50, lcsh:Miscellaneous systems and treatments, Traditional medicine, biology, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:RZ409.7-999, Terpenoid, 030205 complementary & alternative medicine, Complementary and alternative medicine, chemistry, Phytochemical, FTIR, Original Research Article (Experimental), Amoora
الوصف: Background Amoora rohituka is described in Ayurveda, an Indian traditional system of medicine for management of disorders of blood, diseases of eye, helminthiasis disease, ulcer, liver disorders and splenomegaly. However, the leaves were not reported to have anticancer properties till date. Objective This study was carried out to evaluate the cytotoxic potential of leaf extracts of Amoora rohituka. Materials and methods The leaves powder was macerated in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol and evaluated their anticancer activities in vitro. The phytochemical constituents of the active (ethyl acetate) extract were screened by FTIR analysis and phytochemical screening methods. Results The ethyl acetate extract (RLEA) showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, saponins and terpenoids. The RLEA exhibited high cytotoxic effect against human breast cancer cells, MCF-7 (IC50 = 9.81 μg/mL) and induced apoptosis by altering nuclear morphology and DNA laddering. Wound healing assays explained the potency of extract to decrease the cell migration. Conclusion The extract of Amoora rohituka leaves exhibited anticancer activity with less toxicity and it could be used for development of alternative drugs in the treatment of human breast cancer.
Graphical abstract Image 1وصف الملف: application/pdf
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10Bhallatakadi Ghrita: Development and evaluation with reference to Murcchana and Shata-Dhauta process
المؤلفون: Sandesh R. Wayal, Shailendra S. Gurav
المصدر: Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ghrita, Murcchana, Acid value, Saponification value, Traditional medicine, Polyherbal, Bhallatakadi, Organoleptic, Shata-Dhauta, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Dose dependence, 02 engineering and technology, Shelf life, 030205 complementary & alternative medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Iodine value, 0302 clinical medicine, Complementary and alternative medicine, Original Research Article (Experimental), 021105 building & construction, Drug Discovery, Polenske value, Peroxide value, Mathematics
الوصف: Background Ayurveda is primarily based upon use of herbs either singly or in combination (polyherbal). The cow ghee (clarified butterfat) is considered as a precious base for preparing medicines in Ayurveda. Processing of ghee with plant ingredients is renowned for enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. Objective In present research work, the attempt was made to develop cow ghee based Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Ghrita formulations and evaluate them with reference to ‘Murcchana’ and ‘Shata-Dhauta’ process. Materials and methods The research plants were identified, procured, authenticated and processed. The extracts of plant materials were prepared and used for development of Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Ghrita (PHBG), Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Murcchita Ghrita and Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Shata-Dhauta Ghrita formulations as per Ayurvedic procedures. The prepared ghrita formulations were subjected to organoleptic (colour, odour, taste, appearance and touch), physicochemical (pH, viscosity, moisture content, specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value, Rechert Meissl value and Polenske value) evaluation, in-vitro antioxidant and GC-MS analysis. The accelerated and real time stability studies were carried out to determine shelf life of ghrita formulations. Results The results of evaluations indicate that, developed PHBG formulations retained the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of ghee. The shelf life of formulations was found to be in the range of 1.6 to 3.3 years at accelerated and 2.2 to 3.8 years at real time stability conditions. All ghrita formulations exhibited antioxidant activity in dose dependent manner. Conclusion The standardization or evaluation of Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Ghrita formulations was found to be crucial for the establishment of a steady biological, chemical or simply a quality assurance profile of the drugs.
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