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المؤلفون: Claire O'Donovan, Martin Alda, David L. Dunner, Michael J. Spoelma, Philip Boyce, Janusz K. Rybakowski, Verinder Sharma, Joseph F. Goldberg, Gordon Parker, Vijaya Manicavasagar, Tomas Hajek, Adam Bayes, Gabriela Tavella
المصدر: Psychiatry Research. 297:113719
مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Depressive Disorder, Class (set theory), Bipolar Disorder, Middle Aged, behavioral disciplines and activities, 030227 psychiatry, DSM-5, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Set (psychology), Categorical variable, Mania, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biological Psychiatry, Clinical psychology
الوصف: There has been a longstanding debate as to whether the bipolar disorders differ categorically or dimensionally, with some dimensional or spectrum models including unipolar depressive disorders within a bipolar spectrum model. We analysed manic/hypomanic symptom data in samples of clinically diagnosed bipolar I, bipolar II and unipolar patients, employing latent class analyses to determine if separate classes could be identified. Mixture analyses were also undertaken to determine if a unimodal, bimodal or a trimodal pattern was present. For both a refined 15-item set and an extended 30-item set of manic/hypomanic symptoms, our latent class analyses favoured three-class solutions, while mixture analyses identified trimodal distributions of scores. Findings argue for a categorical distinction between unipolar and bipolar disorders, as well as between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. Future research should aim to consolidate these results in larger samples, particularly given that the size of the unipolar group in this study was a salient limitation.
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المؤلفون: Pei-Shen Ho, Che-Hung Yen, San Yuan Huang, Chih-Sung Liang, Chun-Yen Chen
المصدر: Psychiatry research. 248
مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Interleukin 2, Adult, Chemokine CCL11, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemokine, medicine.medical_treatment, DSM-5, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Macrophage inflammatory protein, Biological Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), Inflammation, Depressive Disorder, Major, Dysthymic Disorder, biology, Chemokine CXCL10, Psychiatry and Mental health, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Cytokine, Immunology, biology.protein, Antidepressant, Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation, Cytokines, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers, medicine.drug
الوصف: An important area of uncertainty is the inflammatory degree to which depression occurring as part of dysthymic disorder may differ from major depression. Using a 27-plex cytokine assay, we analyzed the serum of 12 patients with dysthymic disorder, 12 with major depression, and an age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched control group of 20 healthy volunteers. We observed that patients with dysthymic disorder exhibited aberrant cytokine and chemokine expression compared with healthy controls and patients with major depression. The levels of interferon-γ-induced protein 10 highly predicted dysthymic disorder. Network analyses revealed that in patients with dysthymic disorder, the vertices were more sparsely connected and adopted a more hub-like architecture, and the connections from neighboring vertices of interleukin 2 and eotaxin-1 increased. After treatment with the same antidepressant, there was no difference between dysthymic disorder and major depression regarding any of the cytokines or chemokines analyzed. For dysthymic disorder, changes in the levels of interferon-γ-induced protein 10 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α correlated with depression improvement. The findings suggest that the cytokine milieu in dysthymic disorder differs either at the level of individual expression or in network patterns. Moreover, chemokines play an important role in driving the pathophysiology of dysthymic disorder.
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