المؤلفون: Prado MB Jr; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines. Electronic address: mbprado@alum.up.edu.ph., Adiao KJB; Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Center Manila, Manila, Philippines.

المصدر: Canadian journal of diabetes [Can J Diabetes] 2024 Jun; Vol. 48 (4), pp. 233-243.e10. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 29.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Canadian Diabetes Association Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 101148810 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2352-3840 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14992671 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Can J Diabetes Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Thioctic Acid*/therapeutic use , Diabetic Neuropathies*/drug therapy , gamma-Linolenic Acid*/therapeutic use , gamma-Linolenic Acid*/administration & dosage, Humans ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; Antioxidants/administration & dosage

المؤلفون: Rahimi K; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Ezzati Givi M; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Rezaie A; Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Hekmatmanesh M; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran., Shaker Ardakani Y; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

المصدر: The British journal of nutrition [Br J Nutr] 2024 Jun 14; Vol. 131 (11), pp. 1844-1851. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 06.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Published on behalf of the Nutrition Society by CABI Publishing Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0372547 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2662 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00071145 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Br J Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Stomach Ulcer*/chemically induced , Stomach Ulcer*/prevention & control , Stomach Ulcer*/drug therapy , Indomethacin*/adverse effects , Antioxidants*/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress*/drug effects , gamma-Linolenic Acid*/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar* , Dinoprostone*/metabolism, Animals ; Rats ; Male ; Gastric Mucosa/drug effects ; Gastric Mucosa/pathology ; Gastric Mucosa/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Anti-Ulcer Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology ; Cyclooxygenase 1/metabolism ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism ; Omeprazole/pharmacology

المؤلفون: Gad El-Hak HN; Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt., Kishk SM; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt., Abdelrazek HMA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.

المصدر: Toxicology mechanisms and methods [Toxicol Mech Methods] 2024 Jun; Vol. 34 (5), pp. 469-483. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 09.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101134521 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1537-6524 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15376516 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Toxicol Mech Methods Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury*/prevention & control , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury*/pathology , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury*/metabolism , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury*/drug therapy , Plant Oils*/pharmacology , Plant Oils*/chemistry , Liver*/drug effects , Liver*/metabolism , Liver*/pathology , Liver*/ultrastructure , gamma-Linolenic Acid*/pharmacology , Oenothera biennis*/chemistry, Animals ; Male ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Carbon Tetrachloride/toxicity ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Rats ; Linoleic Acids/pharmacology ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Rats, Wistar ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal

المؤلفون: Liu L; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China., Zhang Y; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511464, China., Yuan MD; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China., Xiao DM; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China., Xu WH; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China., Zheng Q; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China., Qin QW; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511464, China.; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519082, China. E-mail: qinqw@scau.edu.cn., Huang YH; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511464, China. E-mail: huangyh@scau.edu.cn., Huang XH; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511464, China. E-mail: huangxh@scau.edu.cn.

المصدر: Zoological research [Zool Res] 2024 May 18; Vol. 45 (3), pp. 520-534.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Science Press Country of Publication: China NLM ID: 101697192 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2095-8137 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20958137 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Zool Res Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: alpha-Linolenic Acid*/metabolism , Fish Diseases*/virology , Fish Diseases*/metabolism , Liver*/metabolism , Liver*/virology , Iridovirus*/physiology, Animals ; DNA Virus Infections/veterinary ; DNA Virus Infections/virology ; Metabolomics ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; Transcriptome ; Metabolic Reprogramming ; Multiomics

المؤلفون: Nie J; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China., Ma W; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China., Ma X; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China., Zhu; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China., Li X; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China., Wang C; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China., Xu G; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China., Chen C; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China., Luo D; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China., Xie S; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China., Hu G; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.; State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China., Chen P; College of Agriculture, Guangxi University; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products Safety; Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding and Germplasm Innovation, Nanning 530004, PR China.

المصدر: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry [J Agric Food Chem] 2024 May 15; Vol. 72 (19), pp. 10862-10878. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 07.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Chemical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0374755 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1520-5118 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00218561 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Agric Food Chem Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Seeds*/metabolism , Seeds*/growth & development , Seeds*/genetics , Seeds*/chemistry , alpha-Linolenic Acid*/metabolism , Cannabis*/genetics , Cannabis*/growth & development , Cannabis*/metabolism , Cannabis*/chemistry , Linoleic Acid*/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant* , Plant Proteins*/genetics , Plant Proteins*/metabolism , Transcriptome* , Metabolomics*, China ; Gene Expression Profiling

المؤلفون: Watabe S; Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan., Tanaka W; Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan., Sakakibara H; Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.; Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan., Yokoyama D; Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.

المصدر: Nutrients [Nutrients] 2024 May 07; Vol. 16 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 07.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: MDPI Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101521595 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6643 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726643 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutrients Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: alpha-Linolenic Acid*/administration & dosage , Eicosapentaenoic Acid*/blood , Eicosapentaenoic Acid*/administration & dosage , Mice, Inbred C57BL* , Mice, Inbred ICR* , Plant Oils*/administration & dosage , Liver*/metabolism, Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Fatty Acid Elongases/metabolism ; Olive Oil/administration & dosage ; Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Acetyltransferases/genetics

المؤلفون: Makni S; Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France., Acket S; Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France., Guenin S; Centre Régional de Ressources en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), Université Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, Amiens 80039, France., Afensiss S; Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France., Guellier A; Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France., Martins-Noguerol R; Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain., Moreno-Perez AJ; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain., Thomasset B; Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France., Martinez-Force E; Instituto de la Grasa-CSIC, Building 46, UPO Campus, Seville, Spain., Gutierrez L; Centre Régional de Ressources en Biologie Moléculaire (CRRBM), Université Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, Amiens 80039, France., Ruelland E; Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France., Troncoso-Ponce A; Unité de Génie Enzymatique Et Cellulaire (GEC), CNRS UMR 7025, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Compiègne 60203, France. Electronic address: adrian.troncoso-ponce@utc.fr.

المصدر: Plant science : an international journal of experimental plant biology [Plant Sci] 2024 Jul; Vol. 344, pp. 112087. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 09.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Ireland Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 9882015 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2259 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01689452 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Plant Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Arabidopsis*/genetics , Arabidopsis*/metabolism , Arabidopsis*/physiology , Arabidopsis Proteins*/metabolism , Arabidopsis Proteins*/genetics , Seeds*/metabolism , Seeds*/genetics , Seeds*/growth & development , alpha-Linolenic Acid*/metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Circadian Clocks/genetics ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Lipid Metabolism

المؤلفون: Matzner M; Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Science Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany., Launhardt L; Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Science Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany., Barth O; Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany., Humbeck K; Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany., Goss R; Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 23, Leipzig 04103, Germany., Heilmann I; Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Science Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany.

المصدر: Plant & cell physiology [Plant Cell Physiol] 2024 Jun 27; Vol. 65 (6), pp. 958-974.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: Japan NLM ID: 9430925 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-9053 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00320781 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Plant Cell Physiol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Arabidopsis*/genetics , Arabidopsis*/metabolism , Arabidopsis*/drug effects , Thylakoids*/metabolism , Endoplasmic Reticulum*/metabolism , alpha-Linolenic Acid*/metabolism , Arabidopsis Proteins*/metabolism , Arabidopsis Proteins*/genetics , Galactolipids*/metabolism , Chlorophyll*/metabolism , Xanthophylls*/metabolism , Mutation*/genetics, Fatty Acid Desaturases/metabolism ; Fatty Acid Desaturases/genetics ; Fluorescence ; Seedlings/drug effects ; Seedlings/metabolism ; Seedlings/genetics ; Photosynthesis/drug effects

المؤلفون: Geng T; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China., Pan L; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China., Liu X; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China., Li Z; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China., Liu J; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China., Dong D; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China. Electronic address: dongdiedie@126.com., Cui B; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China. Electronic address: cuibopaper@163.com., Liu H; Qingdao Bright Moon Seaweed Bio-Health Technology Group Co., Ltd, Qingdao 266400, China.

المصدر: International journal of biological macromolecules [Int J Biol Macromol] 2024 Jun; Vol. 271 (Pt 2), pp. 132548. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 21.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7909578 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0003 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Biol Macromol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Starch*/chemistry , Starch*/analogs & derivatives , Emulsions*/chemistry , Digestion* , Oxidation-Reduction* , alpha-Linolenic Acid*/chemistry , Antioxidants*/chemistry , Antioxidants*/pharmacology, Soybean Proteins/chemistry ; Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism ; Catechin/chemistry ; Catechin/analogs & derivatives ; Rheology

المؤلفون: Chen L; School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China. yzwang@ahu.edu.cn.; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China., Lei Y; School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China. yzwang@ahu.edu.cn., Lu C; School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China. yzwang@ahu.edu.cn., Liu D; School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China. yzwang@ahu.edu.cn., Ma W; School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China. yzwang@ahu.edu.cn., Lu H; School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China. yzwang@ahu.edu.cn.; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China., Wang Y; School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China. yzwang@ahu.edu.cn.; Key Laboratory of Human Microenvironment and Precision Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui University, Hefei, China.; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei, China.

المصدر: Food & function [Food Funct] 2024 May 07; Vol. 15 (9), pp. 5012-5025. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 07.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101549033 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2042-650X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20426496 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Funct Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Gastrointestinal Microbiome*/drug effects , Hyperlipidemias*/drug therapy , Signal Transduction*/drug effects , Obesity*/metabolism , Obesity*/drug therapy , Mice, Inbred C57BL* , Linolenic Acids*/pharmacology , Lipopolysaccharides*, Animals ; Mice ; Male ; Diet, High-Fat ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/drug therapy ; Pomegranate/chemistry ; Liver/metabolism ; Liver/drug effects ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects