المؤلفون: Loomba RS; Division of Cardiology, Advocate Children's Hospital, Oak Lawn, IL.; Department of Pediatrics, Chicago Medical School/Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL., Savorgnan F; Section of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and., Acosta S; Section of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and., Elhoff JJ; Section of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and., Farias JS; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico., Villarreal EG; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico., Flores S; Section of Critical Care Medicine and Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and.

المصدر: American journal of therapeutics [Am J Ther] 2024 Sep-Oct 01; Vol. 31 (5), pp. e531-e540.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9441347 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-3686 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10752765 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Milrinone*/therapeutic use , Milrinone*/administration & dosage , Milrinone*/pharmacology , Cardiotonic Agents*/pharmacology , Cardiotonic Agents*/therapeutic use , Cardiotonic Agents*/administration & dosage , Dobutamine*/pharmacology , Dobutamine*/administration & dosage , Computer Simulation* , Heart Failure, Systolic*/drug therapy , Heart Failure, Systolic*/physiopathology , Epinephrine*/administration & dosage , Hemodynamic Monitoring*/methods, Humans ; Child ; Dopamine/pharmacology ; Dopamine/administration & dosage ; Dopamine/therapeutic use ; Hemodynamics/drug effects ; Cardiac Output/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/administration & dosage ; Norepinephrine/therapeutic use ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Male ; Stroke Volume/drug effects ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Therapy, Combination

المؤلفون: Pichan CM; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC. Electronic address: cayla.pichan@duke.edu., Santivasi WL; Center for Palliative Care, Duke University, Durham, NC., Mentz RJ; Department of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC.

المصدر: American heart journal [Am Heart J] 2024 Sep; Vol. 275, pp. 105-107. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 15.

نوع المنشور: Editorial

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Mosby Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0370465 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-6744 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00028703 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am Heart J Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Heart Failure*/therapy , Heart Failure*/drug therapy , Hospice Care*/methods , Palliative Care*/methods , Cardiotonic Agents*/administration & dosage , Cardiotonic Agents*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Male ; Aged

المؤلفون: Yang FF; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China., Liu JJ; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China., Xu XL; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China., Hu T; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China., Liu JQ; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China., He ZX; School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China., Zhao GY; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China., Wei B; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China., Ma LY; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment; Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.; China Meheco Topfond Pharmaceutical Co.; Key Laboratory of Cardio-cerebrovascular Drug, Zhumadian 463000, China.

المصدر: Journal of medicinal chemistry [J Med Chem] 2024 Aug 22; Vol. 67 (16), pp. 14345-14369. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 05.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Chemical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9716531 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1520-4804 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00222623 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Med Chem Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Pyridines*/pharmacology , Pyridines*/chemistry , Pyridines*/chemical synthesis , Pyridines*/therapeutic use , Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors*/pharmacology , Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors*/chemistry , Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors*/chemical synthesis , Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors*/therapeutic use , Histone Deacetylase 6*/antagonists & inhibitors , Histone Deacetylase 6*/metabolism , Cardiotonic Agents*/pharmacology , Cardiotonic Agents*/chemistry , Cardiotonic Agents*/chemical synthesis , Cardiotonic Agents*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Animals ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Mice ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Male ; Imidazoles/pharmacology ; Imidazoles/chemistry ; Imidazoles/chemical synthesis ; Imidazoles/therapeutic use ; Mice, Nude ; Drug Discovery

المؤلفون: Muric M; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.; Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia., Nikolic M; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.; Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia., Todorovic A; Department of Cardiology, General Hospital Ćuprija, 35230 Ćuprija, Serbia., Jakovljevic V; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.; Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.; Department of Human Pathology, First Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, 119991 Moscow, Russia., Vucicevic K; Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia.

المصدر: Biomolecules [Biomolecules] 2024 Aug 07; Vol. 14 (8). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 07.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101596414 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2218-273X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2218273X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biomolecules Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Anticoagulants*/therapeutic use , Anticoagulants*/pharmacology , Cardiotonic Agents*/therapeutic use , Cardiotonic Agents*/pharmacology , Cardiovascular Diseases*/drug therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases*/prevention & control , Subtilisins*/pharmacology , Subtilisins*/therapeutic use, Animals ; Humans ; Administration, Oral

المؤلفون: Maini M; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA., Anderson KM; Department of Nursing, Georgetown University School of Nursing, Washington, DC, USA., Seplowe M; Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA., Crowell NA; Department of Nursing, Georgetown University School of Nursing, Washington, DC, USA., Pitcher C; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA., Scally R; Department of Nursing, Georgetown University School of Nursing, Washington, DC, USA., Weintraub WS; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.; MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA., Najjar SS; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.; MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA., Groninger H; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.; Section of Palliative Care, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA., Rao A; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.; Section of Palliative Care, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.

المصدر: Journal of palliative medicine [J Palliat Med] 2024 Aug; Vol. 27 (8), pp. 1026-1032. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 01.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Multicenter Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9808462 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1557-7740 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15577740 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Palliat Med Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Palliative Care* , Heart Failure*/drug therapy , Heart Failure*/therapy , Quality of Life* , Cardiotonic Agents*/therapeutic use , Cardiotonic Agents*/administration & dosage, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States ; Aged, 80 and over

المؤلفون: Masarone D; Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy. Electronic address: daniele.masarone@ospedalideicolli.it., Falco L; Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy., d'Onofrio A; Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy., Nigro G; Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Translational Sciences, University of Campania 'Luigi Van-Vitelli' Naples, Italy., Ammendola E; Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy., Pacileo G; Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy.

المصدر: Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.) [Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)] 2024 Aug; Vol. 77 (8), pp. 703-705. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 07.

نوع المنشور: Letter; Case Reports

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Doyma Country of Publication: Spain NLM ID: 101587954 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1885-5857 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18855857 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Simendan*/therapeutic use , Simendan*/pharmacology , Myocardial Contraction*/physiology , Myocardial Contraction*/drug effects , Cardiotonic Agents*/therapeutic use , Cardiotonic Agents*/pharmacology , Heart Failure*/physiopathology , Heart Failure*/drug therapy , Heart Failure*/therapy, Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Pyridazines/therapeutic use

المؤلفون: Ionică LN; Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Semiotics, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.; Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.; Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania., Lința AV; Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.; Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.; Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania., Bătrîn AD; Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.; Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania., Hâncu IM; Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.; Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.; Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania., Lolescu BM; Doctoral School Medicine-Pharmacy, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.; Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania., Dănilă MD; Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.; Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania., Petrescu L; Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania., Mozoș IM; Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.; Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania., Sturza A; Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.; Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania., Muntean DM; Centre for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.; Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, 'Victor Babeș' University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Timișoara, E. Murgu Sq. No. 2, 300041 Timișoara, Romania.

المصدر: International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2024 Jul 14; Vol. 25 (14). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 14.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101092791 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1422-0067 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14220067 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Mol Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors*/therapeutic use , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors*/pharmacology , Heart Failure*/drug therapy , Heart Failure*/metabolism , Cardiotonic Agents*/pharmacology , Cardiotonic Agents*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism

المؤلفون: Wang W; Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China., Chang P; Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China., Jin J; China Science and Technology Development Centre for Traditional Chinese Medicine (Talent Exchange Centre of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Beijing, 100027, China., Pu F; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China., Li D; Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China., Bai Y; Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Dongdan campus), Beijing, 100730, China., Dong K; National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China., Yang Q; Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China., Li T; National Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China. Electronic address: 1099188092@qq.com.

المصدر: Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology [Phytomedicine] 2024 Jul; Vol. 129, pp. 155619. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 16.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Urban & Fischer Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9438794 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1618-095X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09447113 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Phytomedicine Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Curcumin*/pharmacology , Curcumin*/therapeutic use , Diabetic Cardiomyopathies*/drug therapy , Diabetic Cardiomyopathies*/prevention & control , Cardiotonic Agents*/pharmacology , Cardiotonic Agents*/therapeutic use, Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects

المؤلفون: Pollesello P; Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland.

المصدر: Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology [J Cardiovasc Pharmacol] 2024 Jul 01; Vol. 84 (1), pp. 34-35. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 01.

نوع المنشور: Editorial

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7902492 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4023 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01602446 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Heart Failure*/drug therapy , Heart Failure*/physiopathology , Cardiotonic Agents*/therapeutic use , Cardiotonic Agents*/adverse effects, Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects

المؤلفون: Fallah M; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rakhshan K; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Nikbakht F; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Maleki-Ravasan N; Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran., Tahghighi A; Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Clinical Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran., Azizi Y; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address: azizi.y@iums.ac.ir.

المصدر: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie [Biomed Pharmacother] 2024 Jul; Vol. 176, pp. 116927. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 12.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Editions Scientifiques Elsevier Country of Publication: France NLM ID: 8213295 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1950-6007 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07533322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biomed Pharmacother Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Oxidative Stress*/drug effects , Rats, Wistar* , Matrix Metalloproteinase 2*/metabolism , Plant Extracts*/pharmacology , Plant Extracts*/isolation & purification , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9*/metabolism , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury*/drug therapy , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury*/pathology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury*/metabolism , Cardiotonic Agents*/pharmacology , Cardiotonic Agents*/isolation & purification, Animals ; Male ; Rats ; Myocardium/pathology ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases/metabolism ; Fibrosis ; Water/chemistry ; Antioxidants/pharmacology