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1دورية أكاديميةFungal melanin suppresses airway epithelial chemokine secretion through blockade of calcium fluxing.
المؤلفون: Reedy JL; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Jensen KN; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Crossen AJ; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Basham KJ; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Ward RA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Reardon CM; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Brown Harding H; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Hepworth OW; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Simaku P; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Kwaku GN; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA., Tone K; Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.; Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Willment JA; Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.; MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom., Reid DM; Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom., Stappers MHT; Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.; MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom., Brown GD; Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.; MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom., Rajagopal J; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.; Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA., Vyas JM; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. jvyas@mgh.harvard.edu.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. jvyas@mgh.harvard.edu.
المصدر: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2024 Jul 10; Vol. 15 (1), pp. 5817. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 10.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Melanins*/metabolism , Aspergillus fumigatus* , Interleukin-8*/metabolism , Calcium*/metabolism , Chemokine CXCL1*/metabolism, Humans ; Animals ; Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism ; Respiratory Mucosa/microbiology ; Mice ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/microbiology ; Chemokines/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Wickramasinghe DN; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Lyon CM; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Lee S; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Hepworth OW; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Priest EL; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Maufrais C; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAe USC 2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France.; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France., Ryan AP; School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., Permal E; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAe USC 2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France., Sullivan D; Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, and School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., McManus BA; Division of Oral Biosciences, Dublin Dental University Hospital, and School of Dental Science, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., Hube B; Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany.; Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany., Butler G; School of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science and UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland., d'Enfert C; Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INRAe USC 2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France., Naglik JR; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Richardson JP; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
المصدر: MBio [mBio] 2024 Jul 02, pp. e0335123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 02.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101519231 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2150-7511 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: mBio Subsets: MEDLINE
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3دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Vargas-Blanco DA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Hepworth OW; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Basham KJ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Simaku P; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Crossen AJ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Timmer KD; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Hopke A; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Brown Harding H; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Vandal SR; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Jensen KN; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Floyd DJ; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Reedy JL; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Reardon C; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Mansour MK; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Ward RA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Irimia D; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; BioMEMS Resource Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Shriners Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Abramson JS; Center for Lymphoma, Mass General Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Vyas JM; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
المصدر: JCI insight [JCI Insight] 2024 May 07; Vol. 9 (12). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 07.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Society for Clinical Investigation Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101676073 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2379-3708 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23793708 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JCI Insight Subsets: MEDLINE
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Aspergillus fumigatus*/immunology , Neutrophils*/drug effects , Neutrophils*/immunology , Neutrophils*/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha*/metabolism , Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase*/antagonists & inhibitors , Agammaglobulinaemia Tyrosine Kinase*/metabolism , Piperidines*/pharmacology , Reactive Oxygen Species*/metabolism , Adenine*/analogs & derivatives , Adenine*/pharmacology, Humans ; Aspergillosis/drug therapy ; Aspergillosis/immunology ; Pyrimidines/pharmacology ; Phagocytosis/drug effects ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology
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4Fungal melanin suppresses airway epithelial chemokine secretion through blockade of calcium fluxing.
المؤلفون: Reedy JL, Jensen KN, Crossen AJ, Basham KJ, Ward RA, Reardon CM, Harding HB, Hepworth OW, Simaku P, Kwaku GN, Tone K, Willment JA, Reid DM, Stappers MHT, Brown GD, Rajagopal J, Vyas JM
المصدر: BioRxiv : the preprint server for biology [bioRxiv] 2024 May 06. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 06.
نوع المنشور: Preprint
بيانات الدورية: Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101680187 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet NLM ISO Abbreviation: bioRxiv Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
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5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Ponde NO; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA., Lortal L; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Tsavou A; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Hepworth OW; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Wickramasinghe DN; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Ho J; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Richardson JP; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Moyes DL; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Gaffen SL; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: sarah.gaffen@pitt.edu., Naglik JR; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: julian.naglik@kcl.ac.uk.
المصدر: The Journal of biological chemistry [J Biol Chem] 2022 Oct; Vol. 298 (10), pp. 102419. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 28.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985121R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1083-351X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00219258 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Biol Chem Subsets: MEDLINE
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Candida albicans*/metabolism , Candida albicans*/pathogenicity , ErbB Receptors*/metabolism , Fungal Proteins*/metabolism , Candidiasis, Oral*/metabolism , Candidiasis, Oral*/microbiology , Mouth Mucosa*/metabolism , Mouth Mucosa*/microbiology, Humans ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/microbiology
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6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Richardson JP; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Brown R; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Kichik N; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Lee S; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Priest E; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Mogavero S; Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany., Maufrais C; Institut Pasteurgrid.428999.7, Université de Paris, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Paris, France.; Institut Pasteurgrid.428999.7, Université de Paris, INRAE, USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France., Wickramasinghe DN; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Tsavou A; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Kotowicz NK; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Hepworth OW; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Gallego-Cortés A; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Ponde NO; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Ho J; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Moyes DL; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom., Wilson D; Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exetergrid.8391.3, Exeter, United Kingdom., D'Enfert C; Institut Pasteurgrid.428999.7, Université de Paris, INRAE, USC2019, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Paris, France., Hube B; Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany.; Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany., Naglik JR; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
المصدر: MBio [mBio] 2022 Feb 22; Vol. 13 (1), pp. e0351021. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jan 25.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Society for Microbiology Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101519231 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2150-7511 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: mBio Subsets: MEDLINE
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Mycotoxins*, Humans ; Calcium/metabolism ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism ; Candida albicans/metabolism ; Candida tropicalis ; Peptides/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism
SCR Organism: Candida dubliniensis
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7دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Lee S; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK., Kichik N; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK., Hepworth OW; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.; Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, UK., Richardson JP; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK., Naglik JR; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK. julian.naglik@kcl.ac.uk.
المصدر: Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) [Methods Mol Biol] 2022; Vol. 2542, pp. 163-176.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9214969 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1940-6029 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10643745 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Methods Mol Biol Subsets: MEDLINE
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Fungal Proteins*/metabolism , Mycotoxins*/metabolism, Candida albicans/metabolism ; Circular Dichroism ; Humans ; Peptides/metabolism ; Virulence
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8دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Verma AH; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261., Zafar H; Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom., Ponde NO; Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom., Hepworth OW; Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom., Sihra D; Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom., Aggor FEY; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261., Ainscough JS; Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom., Ho J; Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom., Richardson JP; Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom., Coleman BM; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261., Hube B; Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knoell Institute, D-07745 Jena, Germany.; Friedrich Schiller University, D-07737 Jena, Germany; and.; Center for Sepsis Control and Care, D-07747 Jena, Germany., Stacey M; Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom., McGeachy MJ; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261., Naglik JR; Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom., Gaffen SL; Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; david.moyes@kcl.ac.uk sarah.gaffen@pitt.edu., Moyes DL; Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom; david.moyes@kcl.ac.uk sarah.gaffen@pitt.edu.; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Mucosal and Salivary Biology Division, King's College London Dental Institute, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
المصدر: Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) [J Immunol] 2018 Jul 15; Vol. 201 (2), pp. 627-634. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jun 11.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Association of Immunologists Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985117R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1550-6606 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00221767 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Candida albicans/*immunology , Candidiasis/*immunology , Fungal Proteins/*metabolism , Interleukin-1/*metabolism , Interleukin-17/*metabolism , Mouth Mucosa/*physiology, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics ; Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-23/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Mouth Mucosa/microbiology ; Receptors, Interleukin-1/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism