المؤلفون: Melendez M; Optum Home Infusion Services, 8509 Benjamin Rd., Tampa, FL 33364, USA., Mitchell R; Optum Home Infusion Services, 8509 Benjamin Rd., Tampa, FL 33364, USA., Heredia H; Optum Home Infusion Services, 8509 Benjamin Rd., Tampa, FL 33364, USA., Lloyd J; Optum Home Infusion Services, 8509 Benjamin Rd., Tampa, FL 33364, USA., Taliaferro J; Optum Home Infusion Services, 8509 Benjamin Rd., Tampa, FL 33364, USA., Beveridge EK; Optum Home Infusion Services, 8509 Benjamin Rd., Tampa, FL 33364, USA., Ives SJ; Health & Human Physiological Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.

المصدر: Nutrients [Nutrients] 2024 Aug 06; Vol. 16 (16). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 06.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: MDPI Publishing Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101521595 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2072-6643 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20726643 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nutrients Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Fat Emulsions, Intravenous*/administration & dosage , Soybean Oil*/administration & dosage , Liver Function Tests* , Olive Oil*/administration & dosage , Liver*/metabolism, Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Bilirubin/blood ; Phospholipids/administration & dosage ; Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Parenteral Nutrition, Home ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'/statistics & numerical data ; Emulsions/administration & dosage ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood ; Liver Diseases ; Fish Oils ; Triglycerides

المؤلفون: Feldman WB; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.; Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Mahesri M; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Sarpatwari A; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.; Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Huybrechts KF; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Zhu Y; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Hwang CS; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.; Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Lii J; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Lee SB; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Kattinakere Sreedhara S; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Toyserkani GA; Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland., Zhou EH; Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland., Zendel L; Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland., LaCivita C; Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland., Manzo C; Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland., Dal Pan GJ; Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland., Kesselheim AS; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.; Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Bykov K; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

المصدر: JAMA network open [JAMA Netw Open] 2024 Jul 01; Vol. 7 (7), pp. e2419873. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 01.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101729235 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2574-3805 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25743805 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Netw Open Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Phenylpropionates*/therapeutic use , Phenylpropionates*/adverse effects , Pyridazines*/adverse effects , Pyridazines*/therapeutic use , Liver Function Tests*/methods , Liver Function Tests*/statistics & numerical data , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury* , Bosentan*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; United States ; Adult ; Drug Labeling/standards ; United States Food and Drug Administration ; Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use ; Aged ; Endothelin Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Hypertension, Pulmonary/drug therapy

المؤلفون: Mekuanint A; Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Ambachew S; Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia., Worede A; Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Asrie F; Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Sinishaw MA; Department of Clinical Chemistry, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Gelaw Y; Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Dagnew M; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Gelaw A; Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Negash M; Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Kassa E; University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital Laboratory, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Bizuneh S; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia., Wudineh D; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Tepi, Ethiopia., Dimah B; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia., Abebe W; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia., Chane E; Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia eliaschane236@gmail.com., Fetene G; Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

المصدر: BMJ open [BMJ Open] 2024 Sep 10; Vol. 14 (9), pp. e076647. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 10.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Comparative Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101552874 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2044-6055 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20446055 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Open Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: COVID-19*/complications , COVID-19*/blood , COVID-19*/epidemiology , COVID-19*/diagnosis , COVID-19*/physiopathology , Liver Function Tests*/methods , SARS-CoV-2*, Humans ; Ethiopia/epidemiology ; Male ; Female ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase/blood ; Liver Diseases/blood ; Liver Diseases/epidemiology

المؤلفون: Maimunah U; Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.; Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia., Kholili U; Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.; Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia., Vidyani A; Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.; Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia., Sugihartono T; Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.; Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia., Tanaya WM; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.; Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia., Wessels FI; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.; Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia., Alshawsh MA; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Miftahussurur M; Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.; Division of Gastroenterohepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia.; Helicobacter pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

المصدر: Narra J [Narra J] 2024 Aug; Vol. 4 (2), pp. e816. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 21.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Narra Sains Indonesia Country of Publication: Indonesia NLM ID: 9918625888906676 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2807-2618 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 28072618 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Narra J Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: COVID-19*/epidemiology , COVID-19*/blood , COVID-19*/complications , Severity of Illness Index* , Liver Function Tests*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Indonesia/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Liver Diseases/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Risk Factors

المؤلفون: Khemchandani AK; Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal diseases, Dow University Hospital, Ojha, Karachi, Pakistan., Shaikh H; Department of Gastroenterology, National Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal diseases, Dow University Hospital, Ojha, Karachi, Pakistan., Khemchandani M; Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University Hospital, Ojha, Karachi, Pakistan.

المصدر: JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association [J Pak Med Assoc] 2024 Aug; Vol. 74 (8), pp. 1423-1427.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Pakistan Medical Association Country of Publication: Pakistan NLM ID: 7501162 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 0030-9982 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00309982 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pak Med Assoc Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: COVID-19*/epidemiology , COVID-19*/diagnosis , Liver Function Tests*/methods , Severity of Illness Index* , SARS-CoV-2*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Pakistan/epidemiology ; Aged ; Liver Diseases/epidemiology ; Liver Diseases/virology ; Liver Diseases/diagnosis

المؤلفون: Sood EM; Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, 955 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA., Bomfim F; Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, 955 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA., Delmonte A; Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, 955 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA., DeSantis K; Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at University at Buffalo, 955 Main St, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA., James R; George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA., Koizumi N; George Mason University, 4400 University Dr, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA., Plews R; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA., Ortiz J; Department of Surgery, Erie County Medical Center, 462 Grider St, Buffalo, NY, 14215, USA. Electronic address: jortiz22@buffalo.edu.

المصدر: HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association [HPB (Oxford)] 2024 Aug; Vol. 26 (8), pp. 990-997. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 24.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100900921 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1477-2574 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1365182X NLM ISO Abbreviation: HPB (Oxford) Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Pancreas Transplantation*/adverse effects , Graft Survival* , Bilirubin*/blood , Liver Function Tests*, Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors ; Tissue Donors ; Databases, Factual ; Treatment Outcome ; Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Biomarkers/blood ; Donor Selection ; Allografts ; Risk Assessment ; Up-Regulation ; Liver/enzymology ; Predictive Value of Tests

المؤلفون: Hassanein T; Southern California Research Center, Coronado, California, USA., Keaveny AP; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA., Mantry P; The Liver Institute at Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA., Smith AD; Syneos Health, Morrisville, North Carolina, USA., McRae MP; Custom DX Solutions LLC, Houston, Texas, USA., Kittelson J; Consultant to HepQuant LLC, Denver, Colorado, USA., Helmke S; HepQuant LLC, Denver, Colorado, USA., Everson GT; HepQuant LLC, Denver, Colorado, USA.

مؤلفون مشاركون: SHUNT‐V Investigators

المصدر: Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics [Aliment Pharmacol Ther] 2024 Jul; Vol. 60 (2), pp. 246-256. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 22.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8707234 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1365-2036 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02692813 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Aliment Pharmacol Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Esophageal and Gastric Varices*/physiopathology , Esophageal and Gastric Varices*/etiology , Esophageal and Gastric Varices*/diagnosis , Liver Function Tests*/methods , Severity of Illness Index*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Prospective Studies ; Aged ; Endoscopy, Digestive System/methods ; Risk Factors ; Liver/physiopathology ; Liver/blood supply

المؤلفون: Tesfaldet B; U.S. FDA, Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Office of Analytics and Outreach, College Park, MD, USA. Bereket.tesfaldet@fda.hhs.gov.; Wiley Building, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20740, USA. Bereket.tesfaldet@fda.hhs.gov., Patel T; U.S. FDA, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD, USA., Chen M; U.S. FDA, Office of the Chief Scientist, National Center for Toxicology Research, Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Jefferson, AR, USA., Pucino F; U.S. FDA, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD, USA., Rosario L; U.S. FDA, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Translational Sciences, Office of Computational Science, Silver Spring, MD, USA., Hayashi P; U.S. FDA, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD, USA., Navarro Almario E; U.S. FDA, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD, USA.

المصدر: Drug safety [Drug Saf] 2024 Jul; Vol. 47 (7), pp. 699-710. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 20.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Adis, Springer International Country of Publication: New Zealand NLM ID: 9002928 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1179-1942 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01145916 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Drug Saf Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bilirubin*/blood , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury*/etiology , Liver Function Tests*/methods, Humans ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Transaminases/blood

المؤلفون: Saei Ghare Naz M; Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Mousavi M; Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Firouzi F; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Momenan AA; Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Azizi F; Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Ramezani Tehrani F; Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; The Foundation for Research & Education Excellence, Vestaria Hills, AI, USA.

المصدر: Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism [Endocrinol Diabetes Metab] 2024 May; Vol. 7 (3), pp. e490.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101732442 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2398-9238 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23989238 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*/physiopathology , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*/blood , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome*/complications , Insulin Resistance* , Liver*/metabolism , Liver Function Tests* , Triglycerides*/blood , Alanine Transaminase*/blood, Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Iran/epidemiology ; Blood Glucose/metabolism ; Young Adult ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood ; Fatty Liver/etiology ; Fatty Liver/physiopathology

المؤلفون: Hizli P; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey. pelinhizli@gmail.com., Oğuz ID; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey., Kulakli S; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey., Kiliç FA; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey., Duyan A; Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey.

المصدر: Archives of dermatological research [Arch Dermatol Res] 2024 Jun 28; Vol. 316 (7), pp. 437. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 28.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 8000462 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-069X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03403696 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Arch Dermatol Res Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Methotrexate*/adverse effects , Methotrexate*/therapeutic use , Psoriasis*/drug therapy , Liver Cirrhosis*/epidemiology , Liver Function Tests* , Liver*/pathology , Liver*/drug effects, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Dermatologic Agents/adverse effects ; Dermatologic Agents/therapeutic use ; Aged ; Severity of Illness Index ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/epidemiology