المؤلفون: Manyara AM; Global Health and Ageing Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Manyanga T; The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe., Burton A; Global Health and Ageing Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Wilson H; Global Health and Ageing Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Chipanga J; The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe., Bandason T; The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe., Grundy C; MRC International Statistics and Epidemiology Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK., Madela EIY; Department of Geriatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Ward KA; MRC Unit The Gambia, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia.; MRC Life course Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK., Cassim B; Department of Geriatrics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa., Ferrand RA; The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.; Clinical Research Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK., Gregson CL; Global Health and Ageing Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; The Health Research Unit Zimbabwe, Biomedical Research and Training Institute, Harare, Zimbabwe.

المصدر: HIV medicine [HIV Med] 2024 Sep 20. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Sep 20.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100897392 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1468-1293 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14642662 NLM ISO Abbreviation: HIV Med Subsets: MEDLINE

المؤلفون: Taylor RS; Medical Research Council and Chief Scientist Office, Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom., Manyara AM; Medical Research Council and Chief Scientist Office, Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.; Global Health and Ageing Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom., Ross JS; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, and Section of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.; Deputy Editor, JAMA., Ciani O; Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy.

المصدر: JAMA [JAMA] 2024 Aug 05. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 05.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Medical Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7501160 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1538-3598 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00987484 NLM ISO Abbreviation: JAMA Subsets: MEDLINE

المؤلفون: Manyara AM; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TB, UK; Global Health and Ageing Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Ciani O; Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy., Taylor RS; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TB, UK; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. Electronic address: rod.taylor@glasgow.ac.uk.

مؤلفون مشاركون: SPIRIT-Surrogate and CONSORT-Surrogate Project team and Consensus Group

المصدر: Lancet (London, England) [Lancet] 2024 Jul 27; Vol. 404 (10450), pp. 322-324. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 11.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 2985213R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1474-547X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01406736 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Biomarkers*, Humans ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Endpoint Determination ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/standards ; Research Design/standards

المؤلفون: Manyara AM; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Global Health and Ageing Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. Electronic address: Anthony.Manyara@bristol.ac.uk., Purvis A; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK., Ciani O; Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy., Collins GS; UK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Taylor RS; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit & Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

المصدر: Journal of clinical epidemiology [J Clin Epidemiol] 2024 Jul 26; Vol. 174, pp. 111485. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 26.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8801383 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-5921 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08954356 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Epidemiol Subsets: MEDLINE

المؤلفون: Manyara AM; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.; Global Health and Ageing Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Davies P; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Stewart D; Patient author, UK., Weir CJ; Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Young AE; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Blazeby J; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK.; University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK., Butcher NJ; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Bujkiewicz S; Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK., Chan AW; Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Dawoud D; Science, Evidence, and Analytics Directorate, Science Policy and Research Programme, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK.; Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Offringa M; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Ouwens M; AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden., Hróbjartssson A; Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense and Cochrane Denmark, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University hospital, Odense, Denmark., Amstutz A; CLEAR Methods Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Bertolaccini L; Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy., Bruno VD; IRCCS Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Department of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, Milan, Italy., Devane D; University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; Health Research Board-Trials Methodology Research Network, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland., Faria CDCM; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Gilbert PB; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Centre, Seattle, WA, USA., Harris R; Patient author, UK., Lassere M; St George Hospital and School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Marinelli L; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy., Markham S; Patient author, UK.; Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Powers JH 3rd; George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA., Rezaei Y; Heart Valve Disease Research Centre, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.; Behyan Clinic, Pardis New Town, Tehran, Iran., Richert L; University of Bordeaux, Centre d'Investigation Clinique-Epidémiologie Clinique 1401, Research in Clinical Epidemiology and in Public Health and European Clinical Trials Platform & Development/French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Institut Bergonié/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France., Schwendicke F; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Tereshchenko LG; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA., Thoma A; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada., Turan A; Department of Outcomes Research, Anaesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA., Worrall A; Patient author, UK., Christensen R; Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark., Collins GS; UK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Ross JS; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.; Section of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Taylor RS; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK., Ciani O; Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, Bocconi University, Milan 20136, Italy oriana.ciani@unibocconi.it.

المصدر: BMJ (Clinical research ed.) [BMJ] 2024 Jul 09; Vol. 386, pp. e078525. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 09.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: British Medical Association Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8900488 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1756-1833 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09598138 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Checklist* , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic*/methods , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic*/standards , Biomarkers*/blood, Humans ; Research Design/standards ; Clinical Trial Protocols as Topic

المؤلفون: Manyara AM; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.; Global Health and Ageing Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Davies P; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Stewart D; Patient author, UK., Weir CJ; Edinburgh Clinical Trials Unit, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Young AE; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Blazeby J; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.; Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK.; University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK., Butcher NJ; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Bujkiewicz S; Biostatistics Research Group, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK., Chan AW; Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Dawoud D; Science, Evidence, and Analytics Directorate, Science Policy and Research Programme, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK.; Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Offringa M; Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.; Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada., Ouwens M; AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden., Hróbjartssson A; Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense and Cochrane Denmark, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.; Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University hospital, Odense, Denmark., Amstutz A; CLEAR Methods Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Bertolaccini L; Department of Thoracic Surgery, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy., Bruno VD; IRCCS Galeazzi-Sant'Ambrogio Hospital, Department of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, Milan, Italy., Devane D; University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.; Health Research Board-Trials Methodology Research Network, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland., Faria CDCM; Department of Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil., Gilbert PB; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Centre, Seattle, WA, USA., Harris R; Patient author, UK., Lassere M; St George Hospital and School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia., Marinelli L; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy.; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy., Markham S; Patient author, UK.; Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK., Powers JH 3rd; George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA., Rezaei Y; Heart Valve Disease Research Centre, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.; Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.; Behyan Clinic, Pardis New Town, Tehran, Iran., Richert L; University of Bordeaux, Centre d'Investigation Clinique-Epidémiologie Clinique 1401, Research in Clinical Epidemiology and in Public Health and European Clinical Trials Platform & Development/French Clinical Research Infrastructure Network, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Institut Bergonié/Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France., Schwendicke F; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany., Tereshchenko LG; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA., Thoma A; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada., Turan A; Department of Outcomes Research, Anaesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH, USA., Worrall A; Patient author, UK., Christensen R; Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen and Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark., Collins GS; UK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Ross JS; Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.; Section of General Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA., Taylor RS; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK., Ciani O; Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, Bocconi University, Milan 20136, Italy oriana.ciani@unibocconi.it.

المصدر: BMJ (Clinical research ed.) [BMJ] 2024 Jul 09; Vol. 386, pp. e078524. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 09.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: British Medical Association Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8900488 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1756-1833 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09598138 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Checklist* , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic*/standards , Biomarkers*/blood, Humans ; Research Design/standards

المؤلفون: Christensen R; Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, the Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Denmark. Electronic address: robin.christensen@regionh.dk., Ciani O; Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, SDA Bocconi, Milan, Italy., Manyara AM; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Global Health and Ageing Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Taylor RS; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, Glasgow, Scotland, UK; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

المصدر: Journal of clinical epidemiology [J Clin Epidemiol] 2024 Jul; Vol. 171, pp. 111389. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 07.

نوع المنشور: Letter; Comment

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8801383 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-5921 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08954356 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Epidemiol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Cholesterol, LDL*/blood , Biomarkers*/blood, Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases/blood

المؤلفون: Manyara AM; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.; Department of Health Systems Management and Public Health, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.; Global Health and Ageing Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Mwaniki E; Department of Health Systems Management and Public Health, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya., Gill JM; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK., Gray CM; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.; School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

المصدر: Public health nutrition [Public Health Nutr] 2024 Mar 27; Vol. 27 (1), pp. e104. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 27.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9808463 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2727 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13689800 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Public Health Nutr Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/prevention & control, Male ; Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Overweight/epidemiology ; Overweight/prevention & control ; Diet ; Exercise ; Risk Factors ; Weight Gain

المؤلفون: Christensen R; Section for Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Research, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Research Unit of Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. Electronic address: Robin.Christensen@regionh.dk., Ciani O; Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management, SDA Bocconi School of Management, Milan, Italy., Manyara AM; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK., Taylor RS; Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, School of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Faculty of Health Sciences, National Institute of Public Health and Department of Psychology, University of South Denmark, Odense, Denmark.

المصدر: Journal of clinical epidemiology [J Clin Epidemiol] 2024 Mar; Vol. 167, pp. 111242. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 22.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8801383 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-5921 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08954356 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Epidemiol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Endpoint Determination*, Humans ; Biomarkers

المؤلفون: Manyara AM; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.; Department of Health Systems Management and Public Health, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.; Global Health and Ageing Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom., Mwaniki E; Department of Health Systems Management and Public Health, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya., Gill JMR; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom., Gray CM; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.; School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

المصدر: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Feb 13; Vol. 19 (2), pp. e0297779. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Feb 13 (Print Publication: 2024).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*/prevention & control, Middle Aged ; Humans ; Kenya/epidemiology ; Exercise ; Life Style ; Income