المؤلفون: Kenney, R, Liu, ML, Patil, S, Alroughani, R, Ampapa, R, Bergamaschi, R, Boz, C, Butzkueven, H, Gomez, JC, Cartechini, E, Madueno, SE, Ferraro, D, Grand-Maison, F, Granella, F, Horakova, D, Ayuso, GI, Kalincik, T, Preiningerova, JL, Lugaresi, A, Onofrj, M, Ozakbas, S, Patti, F, Sola, P, Soysal, A, Spitaleri, DLA, Terzi, M, Turkoglu, R, van Pesch, V, Saidha, S, Thorpe, LE, Galetta, SL, Balcer, LJ, Kister, I, Spelman, T

المصدر: Journal of the neurological sciences. 430:118067

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicin och hälsovetenskap

URL الوصول: http://kipublications.ki.se/Default.aspx?queryparsed=id:147968907

المؤلفون: Teresa C. Frohman, Lisanne J. Balk, Patrick Vermersch, Jennifer Resto, Clare L. Fraser, Shiv Saidha, Letizia Leocani, Elena H. Martinez-Lapiscina, Elena García-Martín, Friedemann Paul, P. Albrecht, Ines Gonzalez, Elliot M. Frohman, Bernardo Sanchez-Dalmau, Alexander Klistorner, Simone Guerrieri, Laura J. Balcer, Sam Arnow, Sven Schippling, Sebastian Lukas, Peter A. Calabresi, Giancarlo Comi, Wesley Chan, Luis E. Pablo, Ari J. Green, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Timm Oberwahrenbrock, Christian Cordano, James A. Wilson, Ann Kristin Mueller, Albert Saiz, Eva Havrdova, Orhan Aktas, Fiona Costello, Magi Andorra, Olivier Outteryck, Axel Petzold, Jana Lizrova Preiningerova, Jette L. Frederiksen, Irati Zubizarreta, Pablo Villoslada, Alexander U. Brandt, Robert A. Bermel

المساهمون: Martinez Lapiscina, Eh, Arnow, S, Wilson, Ja, Saidha, S, Preiningerova, Jl, Oberwahrenbrock, T, Brandt, Au, Pablo, Le, Guerrieri, S, Gonzalez, I, Outteryck, O, Mueller, Ak, Albrecht, P, Chan, W, Lukas, S, Balk, Lj, Fraser, C, Frederiksen, Jl, Resto, J, Frohman, T, Cordano, C, Zubizarreta, I, Andorra, M, Sanchez Dalmau, B, Saiz, A, Bermel, R, Klistorner, A, Petzold, A, Schippling, S, Costello, F, Aktas, O, Vermersch, P, Oreja Guevara, C, Comi, Giancarlo, Leocani, ANNUNZIATA MARIA LETIZIA, Garcia Martin, E, Paul, F, Havrdova, E, Frohman, E, Balcer, Lj, Green, Aj, Calabresi, Pa, Villoslada, P., Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, Neurology, Ophthalmology

المصدر: Lancet Neurology, 15(6), 574-584. Lancet Publishing Group
Martinez-Lapiscina, E H, Arnow, S, Wilson, J A, Saidha, S, Preiningerova, J L, Oberwahrenbrock, T, Brandt, A U, Pablo, L E, Guerrieri, S, Gonzalez, I, Outteryck, O, Mueller, A K, Albrecht, P, Chan, W, Lukas, S, Balk, L J, Fraser, C, Frederiksen, J L, Resto, J, Frohman, T, Cordano, C, Zubizarreta, I, Andorra, M, Sanchez-Dalmau, B, Saiz, A, Bermel, R, Klistorner, A, Petzold, A, Schippling, S, Costello, F, Aktas, O, Vermersch, P, Oreja-Guevara, C, Comi, G, Leocani, L, Garcia-Martin, E, Paul, F, Havrdova, E, Frohman, E, Balcer, L J, Green, A J, Calabresi, P A, Villoslada, P & IMSVISUAL consortium 2016, ' Retinal thickness measured with optical coherence tomography and risk of disability worsening in multiple sclerosis : A cohort study ', Lancet Neurology, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 574-584 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(16)00068-5

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, genetic structures, Neuritis, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Retinal Diseases, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Macula Lutea, Optic neuritis, Expanded Disability Status Scale, Clinically isolated syndrome, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, 030104 developmental biology, Cohort, Disease Progression, Female, sense organs, Neurology (clinical), business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Follow-Up Studies, Retinal Neurons, Cohort study

URL الوصول: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::1ae9b4fccb89419fae14e4aa4b9779b5
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(16)00068-5

المؤلفون: Lin TY; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Motamedi S; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Asseyer S; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Chien C; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Saidha S; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Calabresi PA; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Fitzgerald KC; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Samadzadeh S; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Villoslada P; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Llufriu S; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Green AJ; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Preiningerova JL; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Petzold A; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Leocani L; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Garcia-Martin E; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Oreja-Guevara C; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Outteryck O; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Vermersch P; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Balcer LJ; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Kenney R; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Albrecht P; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Aktas O; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Costello F; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Frederiksen J; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Uccelli A; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Cellerino M; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Frohman EM; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Frohman TC; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Bellmann-Strobl J; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Schmitz-Hübsch T; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Ruprecht K; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Brandt AU; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Zimmermann HG; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany., Paul F; From the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.), a cooperation between the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) (T.-Y.L., S.M., S.A., C.C., S. Samadzadeh, J.B.-S., T.S.-H., A.U.B., H.G.Z., F.P.); Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (S.M., S.A., C.C., J.B.-S., T.S.-H., H.G.Z., F.P.); Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy (C.C.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Saidha, P.A.C., K.C.F.); Department of Epidemiology (K.C.F.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; Department of Regional Health Research and Molecular Medicine (S. Samadzadeh), University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (S. Samadzadeh), Slagelse Hospital, Denmark; Department of Neurology (P. Villoslada), Hospital Del Mar - Pompeu Fabra University; Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit (S.L.), Hospital Clinic Barcelona and IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology (A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic; Moorfield's Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Netherlands; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (L.L.), Milan, Italy; Miguel Servet University Hospital (E.G.-M.), Zaragoza; Department of Neurology (C.O.-G.), Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (O.O., P. Vermersch); Department of Neuroradiology (O.O., P. Vermersch), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, France; Departments of Neurology (L.J.B., R.K.), Population Health and Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Neurology (P.A., O.A.), Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery Cumming School of Medicine (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis (J.F.), Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Neurosciences (A.U., M.C.), Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.M.F., T.C.F.), Professor Lawrence Steinman, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (K.R., F.P.), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; and Einstein Center Digital Future (H.G.Z.), Berlin, Germany.

المصدر: Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation [Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm] 2024 Sep; Vol. 11 (5), pp. e200269. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 28.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101636388 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2332-7812 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23327812 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Tomography, Optical Coherence* , Disease Progression* , Multiple Sclerosis*/physiopathology , Multiple Sclerosis*/diagnostic imaging, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retina/diagnostic imaging ; Retina/pathology ; Retina/physiopathology ; Severity of Illness Index

المؤلفون: Wicklein R; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Yam C; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Noll C; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Aly L; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Banze N; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Romahn EF; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Wolf E; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Hemmer B; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Oertel FC; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Zimmermann H; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Albrecht P; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Ringelstein M; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Baumann C; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Feucht N; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Penkava J; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Havla J; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Gernert JA; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Mardin C; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Vasileiou ES; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Van Der Walt A; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Al-Louzi O; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Cabello S; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Vidal-Jordana A; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Krämer J; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Wiendl H; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Preiningerova JL; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Ciccarelli O; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Garcia-Martin E; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Kana V; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Calabresi PA; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Paul F; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Saidha S; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Petzold A; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Toosy AT; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands., Knier B; From the Department of Neurology (R.W., C.N., L.A., N.B., E.F.R., E.W., B.H., B.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neuroinflammation (C.Y., O.C., A.P., A.T.T.), Queen Square MS Centre, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London; Neurosciences Institute (C.Y.), Cleveland Clinic London, United Kingdom; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (B.H.), Munich, Germany; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.C.O., H.Z., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Einstein Center Digital Future (H.Z.), Berlin; Department of Neurology (P.A., M.R.), Medical Faculty; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Department of Neurology (P.A.), Maria Hilf Clinics, Mönchengladbach; Department of Ophthalmology (C.B., N.F.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Airport Munich Eye Clinic MVZ (N.F.), Germany; Department of Ophthalmology (J.P.), University of Basel, Switzerland; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H., J.A.G.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich; Department of Ophthalmology (C.M.), Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Department of Neurology (E.S.V., P.A.C., S.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Neuroscience (A.V.D.W.), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology (O.A.-L.), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA; Servicio de Neurología (S.C., A.V.-J.), Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K., H.W.), University Hospital Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.P.), First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) University College London Hospitals (UCLH) Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) (O.C.), United Kingdom; Ophthalmology Department (E.G.-M.), Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragones Institute of Health Sciences, Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (V.K.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.P., A.T.T.), University College London, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, MS Centre and Neuro-ophthalmology Expertise Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Netherlands. benjamin.knier@tum.de.

مؤلفون مشاركون: IMSVISUAL Consortium

المصدر: Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation [Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm] 2023 Oct 09; Vol. 10 (6). Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 09 (Print Publication: 2023).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101636388 Publication Model: Electronic-Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2332-7812 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23327812 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Retinal Vessels* , Tomography, Optical Coherence*, Humans ; Consensus ; Fluorescein Angiography/methods ; Retina/diagnostic imaging

المؤلفون: Dusek P; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic., Kopal A; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.; Department of Neurology, Regional Hospital Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic., Brichova M; Department of Ophthalmology, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic., Roth J; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic., Ulmanova O; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic., Klempir J; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic., Preiningerova JL; Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

المصدر: PloS one [PLoS One] 2023 Feb 24; Vol. 18 (2), pp. e0282175. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Feb 24 (Print Publication: 2023).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Tomography, Optical Coherence*/methods , Huntington Disease*/pathology, Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Prospective Studies ; Nerve Fibers/pathology ; Retina/pathology ; Biomarkers ; Disease Progression

المؤلفون: Stastna D; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Menkyova I; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia; 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia., Drahota J; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia; Endowment Fund IMPULS, Prague, Czechia., Hrnciarova T; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Kubala Havrdova E; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Vachova M; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia; Department of Neurology, KZ a.s., Hospital Teplice, Teplice, Czechia., Andelova M; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Kleinova P; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Kovarova I; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Krasulova E; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Preiningerova JL; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Novakova I; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Novotna K; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Novotna M; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Nytrova P; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Pavlickova J; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Srpova B; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Storey K; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Ticha V; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Tyblova M; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Uher T; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Vodehnalova K; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Horakova D; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia. Electronic address: dana.horakova@vfn.cz.

المصدر: Multiple sclerosis and related disorders [Mult Scler Relat Disord] 2022 Sep; Vol. 65, pp. 104014. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 02.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Observational Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier B. V Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101580247 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2211-0356 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22110348 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mult Scler Relat Disord Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: COVID-19*/prevention & control , COVID-19 Vaccines*/adverse effects , Multiple Sclerosis*/complications , Neuromyelitis Optica*/complications, BNT162 Vaccine ; Czech Republic ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Vaccination/adverse effects

المؤلفون: Preiningerova JL; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General Medical Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic., Jiraskova Zakostelska Z; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic., Srinivasan A; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General Medical Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic., Ticha V; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General Medical Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic., Kovarova I; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General Medical Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic., Kleinova P; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General Medical Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic., Tlaskalova-Hogenova H; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic., Kubala Havrdova E; Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, First Medical Faculty, Charles University and General Medical Hospital in Prague, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic.

المصدر: Biomolecules [Biomolecules] 2022 Mar 11; Vol. 12 (3). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Mar 11.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101596414 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2218-273X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2218273X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biomolecules Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Gastrointestinal Microbiome* , Microbiota* , Multiple Sclerosis*, Animals ; Brain-Gut Axis ; Humans ; Mice

المؤلفون: Aytulun A; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Cruz-Herranz A; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Aktas O; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Balcer LJ; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Balk L; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Barboni P; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Blanco AA; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Calabresi PA; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Costello F; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Sanchez-Dalmau B; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., DeBuc DC; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Feltgen N; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Finger RP; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Frederiksen JL; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Frohman E; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Frohman T; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Garway-Heath D; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Gabilondo I; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Graves JS; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Green AJ; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Hartung HP; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Havla J; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Holz FG; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Imitola J; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Kenney R; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Klistorner A; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Knier B; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Korn T; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Kolbe S; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Krämer J; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Lagrèze WA; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Leocani L; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Maier O; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Martínez-Lapiscina EH; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Meuth S; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Outteryck O; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Paul F; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Petzold A; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Pihl-Jensen G; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Preiningerova JL; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Rebolleda G; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Ringelstein M; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Saidha S; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Schippling S; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Schuman JS; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Sergott RC; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Toosy A; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Villoslada P; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Wolf S; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Yeh EA; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Yu-Wai-Man P; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Zimmermann HG; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Brandt AU; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI., Albrecht P; From the Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty (A.A., O.A., H.-P.H., O.M., S.M., M.R., P.A.), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (A.C.-H., A.J.G.), University of California San Francisco; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology (L.J.B., R.K.), NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY; Mulier Institute (L.B.), Centre for Research on Sports in Society, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Scientific Institute San Raffaele (P.B.), Milan, Italy; Centre for Public Health (A.A.B.), Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK; Division of Neuroimmunology (P.A.C., S. Saidha), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Surgery (F.C.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Institut d'Investigacións Biomediques August Pi iSunyer (IDIBAPS) and Hospital Clinic (B.S.-D., E.H.M.-L., P.V.), University of Barcelona, Spain; Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (D.C.D.), University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Department of Ophthalmology (N.F.), University Medical Center, Göttingen; Department of Ophthalmology (R.P.F., F.G.H.), University of Bonn, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.L.F., G.P.-J.), Rigshospitalet Glostrup and University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (E.F., T.F.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology (D.G.-H.), London, UK; Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute (I.G.), Barakaldo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences (J.S.G.), University of California, San Diego; Brain and Mind Centre (H.-P.H.), University of Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (H.-P.H.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (J.H.), LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Germany; UConn Health Comprehensive MS Center, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology (J.I.), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (A.K.), Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Neurology (B.K., T.K.), Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Medicine and Radiology (S.K.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology (J.K.), University of Münster; Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine (W.A.L.), University of Freiburg, Germany; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit (L.L.), Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), IRCCS San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; Lille Neurosciences & Cognition (O.O.), Univ Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172-LilNCog (JPARC), France; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.P., H.G.Z., A.U.B.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Moorfields Eye Hospital (A.P.), The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Neuro-ophthalmology Expert Center (A.P.), Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine (J.L.P.), Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology (G.R.), Ramon y Cajal Hospital, Medicine University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology (M.R.), Center for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (S. Schippling), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Departments of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience, and Physiology (J.S.S.), NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York; Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering (J.S.S.), NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY; Thomas Jefferson University Medical College (R.C.S.), Philadelphia, PA; Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation (A.T.), UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Departments of Ophthalmology and Clinical Research (S.W.), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics (E.A.Y.), Hospital for Sick Children, Division of Neurosciences and Mental Health SickKids Research Institute, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (P.Y.-W.-M.), University of Cambridge; Moorfields Eye Hospital (P.Y.-W.-M.), London, UK; University of California (A.U.B.), Irvine; and IMSVISUAL (A.A., A.C.-H., O.A., L.J.B., L.B., P.A.C., F.C., J.L.F., E.F., T.F., I.G., J.S.G., A.J.G., H.-P.H., J.H., J.I., R.K., A.K., B.K., T.K., J.K., L.L., E.H.M.-L., S.M., O.O., F.P., A.P., G.P.-J., J.L.P., M.R., S. Saidha, S. Schippling, R.C.S., P.V., E.A.Y., H.G.Z., A.U.B., P.A.), International Multiple Sclerosis Visual System Consortium, Middleton, WI. phil.albrecht@gmail.com.

المصدر: Neurology [Neurology] 2021 Jul 13; Vol. 97 (2), pp. 68-79. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 28.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0401060 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1526-632X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00283878 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurology Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Research Design* , Tomography, Optical Coherence*, Retinal Diseases/*diagnostic imaging, Consensus ; Delphi Technique ; Humans ; Ophthalmology/methods

المؤلفون: Andelova M; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia., Uher T; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia., Krasensky J; Department of Radiology, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Sobisek L; Endowment Fund IMPULS, Prague, Czechia., Kusova E; Department of Radiology, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia., Srpova B; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia., Vodehnalova K; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia., Friedova L; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia., Motyl J; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia., Preiningerova JL; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia., Kubala Havrdova E; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia., Horakova D; Department of Neurology, First Faculty of Medicine, Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia., Vaneckova M; Department of Radiology, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia.

المصدر: Frontiers in neurology [Front Neurol] 2019 Aug 06; Vol. 10, pp. 820. Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Aug 06 (Print Publication: 2019).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101546899 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 1664-2295 (Print) Linking ISSN: 16642295 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Neurol Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

المؤلفون: Cadavid D; Biogen Cambridge Massachusetts., Balcer L; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology New York University School of Medicine New York New York., Galetta S; Departments of Neurology, Population Health, and Ophthalmology New York University School of Medicine New York New York., Aktas O; Department of Neurology Medical Faculty Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Düsseldorf Germany., Ziemssen T; MS Center Dresden Center of Clinical Neuroscience University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden University of Technology Dresden Germany., Vanopdenbosch LJ; Department of Neurology AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV Brugge Belgium., Leocani L; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy., Freedman MS; University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute Ottawa Ontario Canada., Plant GT; Moorfields Eye Hospital and The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London United Kingdom., Preiningerova JL; Charles University in Prague Prague Czech Republic., Ziemssen F; Center for Ophthalmology Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany., Massacesi L; Department of Neurosciences, Drugs and Child's Health University of Florence Florence Italy., Chai Y; Biogen Cambridge Massachusetts., Xu L; Biogen Cambridge Massachusetts.

مؤلفون مشاركون: RENEW Study Investigators

المصدر: Annals of clinical and translational neurology [Ann Clin Transl Neurol] 2018 Aug 15; Vol. 5 (10), pp. 1154-1162. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Aug 15 (Print Publication: 2018).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley Periodicals, Inc on behalf of American Neurological Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101623278 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2328-9503 (Print) Linking ISSN: 23289503 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Clin Transl Neurol Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE