المؤلفون: Mwanga EP; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania. emwanga@ihi.or.tz.; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK. emwanga@ihi.or.tz., Mchola IS; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania., Makala FE; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania., Mshani IH; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania.; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK., Siria DJ; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania.; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK., Mwinyi SH; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania.; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK., Abbasi S; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania., Seleman G; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania., Mgaya JN; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania., Jiménez MG; School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK., Wynne K; School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK., Sikulu-Lord MT; Faculty of Science, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia., Selvaraj P; Institute for Disease Modelling, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, USA., Okumu FO; Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences Department, Ifakara Health Institute, Morogoro, Tanzania.; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.; School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.; School of Life Science and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African, Institution of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania., Baldini F; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK., Babayan SA; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.

المصدر: Malaria journal [Malar J] 2024 Mar 26; Vol. 23 (1), pp. 86. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 26.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Malaria*/epidemiology , Anopheles*, Animals ; Humans ; Female ; Mosquito Vectors ; Machine Learning ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared ; Feeding Behavior

المؤلفون: Sikulu-Lord MT; School of the Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Edstein MD; Department of Drug Evaluation, Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Goh B; School of the Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Lord AR; Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Travis JA; Department of Drug Evaluation, Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Dowell FE; Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America., Birrell GW; Department of Drug Evaluation, Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Chavchich M; Department of Drug Evaluation, Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

المصدر: PloS one [PLoS One] 2024 Mar 25; Vol. 19 (3), pp. e0289232. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 25 (Print Publication: 2024).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101285081 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1932-6203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19326203 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS One Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Parasites* , Malaria, Falciparum*/diagnosis , Malaria, Falciparum*/parasitology , Malaria*/diagnosis, Animals ; Mice ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/methods ; Plasmodium falciparum ; Machine Learning ; Sensitivity and Specificity

المؤلفون: Kariyawasam TN; School of the Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Ciocchetta S; School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia., Visendi P; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Soares Magalhães RJ; School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia.; Children's Health and Environment Program, UQ Children's Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia., Smith ME; Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia., Giacomin PR; Australian Institute of Tropical Health & Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia., Sikulu-Lord MT; School of the Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

المصدر: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2023 Nov 13; Vol. 17 (11), pp. e0011695. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 13 (Print Publication: 2023).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101291488 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1935-2735 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19352727 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Trichuriasis*/epidemiology , Helminthiasis*/epidemiology , Helminths*, Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Trichuris ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared ; Soil/parasitology ; Algorithms ; Feces/parasitology

المؤلفون: Mshani IH; Ifakara Health Institute, Environmental Health, and Ecological Sciences Department, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania. imshani@ihi.or.tz.; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. imshani@ihi.or.tz., Siria DJ; Ifakara Health Institute, Environmental Health, and Ecological Sciences Department, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania.; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK., Mwanga EP; Ifakara Health Institute, Environmental Health, and Ecological Sciences Department, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania.; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK., Sow BB; Department of Medical Biology and Public Health, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso., Sanou R; Department of Medical Biology and Public Health, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso., Opiyo M; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.; Malaria Elimination Initiative (MEI), Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA., Sikulu-Lord MT; Faculty of Science, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia., Ferguson HM; Ifakara Health Institute, Environmental Health, and Ecological Sciences Department, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania.; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK., Diabate A; Department of Medical Biology and Public Health, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso., Wynne K; School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK., González-Jiménez M; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.; School of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK., Baldini F; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK., Babayan SA; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. Simon.Babayan@glasgow.ac.uk., Okumu F; Ifakara Health Institute, Environmental Health, and Ecological Sciences Department, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania. fredros@ihi.or.tz.; School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. fredros@ihi.or.tz.; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania. fredros@ihi.or.tz.; School of Public Health, The University of the Witwatersrand, Park Town, South Africa. fredros@ihi.or.tz.

المصدر: Malaria journal [Malar J] 2023 Nov 10; Vol. 22 (1), pp. 346. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Nov 10.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101139802 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1475-2875 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14752875 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Malar J Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Malaria*/epidemiology , Culicidae*, Animals ; Humans ; Artificial Intelligence ; Evidence Gaps ; Mosquito Vectors ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared/methods

المؤلفون: Garcia GA; Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Lord AR; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.; Spectroscopy and Data Consultants Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4035, Australia., Santos LMB; Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Kariyawasam TN; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia., David MR; Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Couto-Lima D; Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Tátila-Ferreira A; Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Pavan MG; Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Sikulu-Lord MT; School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia., Maciel-de-Freitas R; Laboratório de Mosquitos Transmissores de Hematozoários, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute of Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany.

المصدر: Viruses [Viruses] 2022 Dec 20; Vol. 15 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Dec 20.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101509722 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1999-4915 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19994915 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Viruses Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Zika Virus* , Zika Virus Infection*/epidemiology , Dengue Virus* , Aedes* , Dengue*, Animals ; Female ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

المؤلفون: Garcia GA; Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil., Kariyawasam TN; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072,, Australia., Lord AR; School of Computer Science, Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia., da Costa CF; Fundação de Vigilância em Saúde, Manaus, AM 69093-018, Brazil., Chaves LB; Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil., Lima-Junior JDC; Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil., Maciel-de-Freitas R; Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil.; Department of Arbovirology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard-Nocht-Straße 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany., Sikulu-Lord MT; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072,, Australia.

المصدر: PNAS nexus [PNAS Nexus] 2022 Dec 07; Vol. 1 (5), pp. pgac272. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Dec 07 (Print Publication: 2022).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Oxford University Press on behalf of the National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9918367777906676 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2752-6542 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27526542 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PNAS Nexus Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE

المؤلفون: Goh B; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia., Visendi P; School of Biology & Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia., Lord AR; Centre for Data Science, School of Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia., Ciocchetta S; UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4113, Australia., Liu W; Australian Defence Force, Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane 4051, Australia., Sikulu-Lord MT; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Australia.

المصدر: Viruses [Viruses] 2022 Oct 13; Vol. 14 (10). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 13.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101509722 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1999-4915 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19994915 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Viruses Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Dengue*/blood , Dengue Virus*, Humans ; Plasma ; Serogroup ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

المؤلفون: Tátila-Ferreira A; Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Garcia GA; Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Dos Santos LMB; Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Pavan MG; Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., de C Moreira CJ; Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Victoriano JC; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica de Diptera E Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., da Silva-Junior R; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica de Diptera E Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Universidade Iguaçu - UNIG, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Dos Santos-Mallet JR; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica de Diptera E Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.; Universidade Iguaçu - UNIG, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Verly T; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Britto C; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Sikulu-Lord MT; The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, 4006, Australia., Maciel-de-Freitas R; Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. freitas@ioc.fiocruz.br.; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. freitas@ioc.fiocruz.br.

المصدر: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2021 Dec 13; Vol. 11 (1), pp. 23884. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Dec 13.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Insect Vectors/*parasitology , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/*methods , Triatoma/*parasitology , Trypanosoma cruzi/*pathogenicity, Animals ; Feces/parasitology ; Intestines/parasitology ; Limit of Detection ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/standards ; Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification

المؤلفون: Goh B; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia., Ching K; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia., Soares Magalhães RJ; UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.; Children's Health Research Centre, Children's Health and Environment Program, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia., Ciocchetta S; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.; UQ Spatial Epidemiology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia., Edstein MD; Australian Defence Force, Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Brisbane, Australia., Maciel-de-Freitas R; Laboratório de Transmissores de Hematozoários, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Sikulu-Lord MT; School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

المصدر: PLoS neglected tropical diseases [PLoS Negl Trop Dis] 2021 Apr 22; Vol. 15 (4), pp. e0009218. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Apr 22 (Print Publication: 2021).

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Systematic Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101291488 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1935-2735 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19352727 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Spectrum Analysis*, Arbovirus Infections/*diagnosis , Malaria/*diagnosis , Mosquito Vectors/*parasitology , Mosquito Vectors/*virology, Aedes/parasitology ; Aedes/virology ; Animals ; Arbovirus Infections/epidemiology ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Epidemiological Monitoring ; Humans ; Malaria/epidemiology ; Point-of-Care Systems

المؤلفون: Kho EA; The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia., Fernandes JN; The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia., Kotze AC; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia., Fox GP; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA., Sikulu-Lord MT; The School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, 4006, Australia., Beasley AM; The School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia., Moore SS; The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia., James PJ; The Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia. p.james1@uq.edu.au.

المصدر: Parasites & vectors [Parasit Vectors] 2020 Nov 23; Vol. 13 (1), pp. 591. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 23.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101462774 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1756-3305 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17563305 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Parasit Vectors Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Environment* , Occult Blood*, Feces/*parasitology , Haemonchiasis/*veterinary , Sheep Diseases/*diagnosis , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/*methods, Age Factors ; Animals ; Female ; Haemonchiasis/diagnosis ; Hematocrit/veterinary ; Hemoglobins/analysis ; New South Wales/epidemiology ; Principal Component Analysis ; Queensland/epidemiology ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology ; Sheep Diseases/parasitology ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/standards ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared/statistics & numerical data