المؤلفون: Zhang B; Department of Urinary Surgery, Institute of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China., Wang Y; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, No.8 Xishku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China. pkudocyoung@outlook.com.

المصدر: World journal of urology [World J Urol] 2024 Jul 10; Vol. 42 (1), pp. 403. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jul 10.

نوع المنشور: Letter; Comparative Study; Comment

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 8307716 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1433-8726 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07244983 NLM ISO Abbreviation: World J Urol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Ciprofloxacin*/therapeutic use , Ciprofloxacin*/administration & dosage , Fosfomycin*/therapeutic use , Fosfomycin*/administration & dosage , Prostate*/pathology , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/administration & dosage , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/therapeutic use , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/administration & dosage, Humans ; Male ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Biopsy/methods ; Biopsy/adverse effects

المؤلفون: Muanda FT; ICES Western, London, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada., Weir MA; ICES Western, London, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada., Ahmadi F; ICES Western, London, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada., McArthur E; ICES Western, London, Ontario, Canada.; Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada., Sontrop JM; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada., Abdullah SS; ICES Western, London, Ontario, Canada.; Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada., Urquhart BL; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada., Sadeghi H; Department of Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada., Kim RB; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada., Garg AX; ICES Western, London, Ontario, Canada.; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.

المصدر: Pharmacotherapy [Pharmacotherapy] 2024 Jul; Vol. 44 (7), pp. 558-569. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 24.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Comparative Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8111305 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1875-9114 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02770008 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pharmacotherapy Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Digoxin*/adverse effects , Digoxin*/administration & dosage , Amoxicillin*/adverse effects , Amoxicillin*/administration & dosage , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/adverse effects , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/adverse effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/administration & dosage, Humans ; Aged ; Female ; Male ; Aged, 80 and over ; Retrospective Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Drug Interactions ; Ontario/epidemiology ; Cardiotonic Agents/adverse effects ; Cardiotonic Agents/therapeutic use ; Cardiotonic Agents/administration & dosage

المؤلفون: Hevia EC; Department of Pharmacy, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA., Wooten L; Department of Pharmacy, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA., Carr AL; Department of Pharmacy, AdventHealth Orlando, Orlando, FL, USA.

المصدر: The Annals of pharmacotherapy [Ann Pharmacother] 2024 Jul; Vol. 58 (7), pp. 698-704. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 30.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Comparative Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Sage Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9203131 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1542-6270 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10600280 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Pharmacother Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*/drug effects , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia*/isolation & purification , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/therapeutic use , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections*/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections*/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/administration & dosage , Minocycline*/therapeutic use , Minocycline*/administration & dosage, Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; Aged, 80 and over

المؤلفون: Prosty C; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada. Electronic address: connor.prosty@mail.mcgill.ca., Katergi K; Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada., Sorin M; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada., Rjeily MB; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada., Butler-Laporte G; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, QC, Montréal, Canada., McDonald EG; Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Clinical Practice Assessment Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada., Lee TC; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, QC, Montréal, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Clinical Practice Assessment Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada.

المصدر: Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases [Clin Microbiol Infect] 2024 Jul; Vol. 30 (7), pp. 866-876. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 06.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis; Comparative Study; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9516420 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-0691 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1198743X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Microbiol Infect Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Pneumonia, Pneumocystis*/prevention & control , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic* , Network Meta-Analysis* , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/therapeutic use , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/administration & dosage , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/adverse effects , Pneumocystis carinii*/drug effects , HIV Infections*/complications, Humans ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/drug therapy ; Dapsone/therapeutic use ; Dapsone/adverse effects ; Dapsone/administration & dosage ; Pentamidine/therapeutic use ; Pentamidine/administration & dosage ; Pentamidine/adverse effects ; Atovaquone/therapeutic use ; Atovaquone/adverse effects ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; Antifungal Agents/administration & dosage ; Antifungal Agents/adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome

المؤلفون: Schmid A; HNO, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland anouk@zschmid.ch., Ahmad N; HNO, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland., Haubitz S; Infektiologie, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland., Speth MM; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland.

المصدر: BMJ case reports [BMJ Case Rep] 2024 Jun 18; Vol. 17 (6). Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 18.

نوع المنشور: Case Reports; Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: BMJ Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101526291 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1757-790X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1757790X NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Case Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Nocardia Infections*/diagnosis , Nocardia Infections*/drug therapy , Nocardia Infections*/complications , Thyroglossal Cyst*/diagnosis , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/administration & dosage , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/therapeutic use , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/administration & dosage, Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Nocardia/isolation & purification

المؤلفون: Bovo A; Department of Urology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland. alberto.bovo@ksa.ch., Kwiatkowski M; Department of Urology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland.; Medical Faculty, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Urology, Academic Hospital Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany., Manka L; Department of Urology, Academic Hospital Braunschweig, Brunswick, Germany.; Department of Urology, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Potsdam, Germany., Wetterauer C; Medical Faculty, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Urology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Danube Private University, 3500, Krems, Austria., Fux CA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Hygiene, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland., Cattaneo M; Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4001, Basel, Switzerland., Wyler SF; Department of Urology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland.; Medical Faculty, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland., Prause L; Department of Urology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Tellstrasse 25, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland.

المصدر: World journal of urology [World J Urol] 2024 May 28; Vol. 42 (1), pp. 356. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 28.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Comparative Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 8307716 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1433-8726 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07244983 NLM ISO Abbreviation: World J Urol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Fosfomycin*/therapeutic use , Fosfomycin*/administration & dosage , Ciprofloxacin*/therapeutic use , Ciprofloxacin*/administration & dosage , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/therapeutic use , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/administration & dosage , Antibiotic Prophylaxis*/methods , Prostate*/pathology , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/therapeutic use , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/administration & dosage , Drug Therapy, Combination*, Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Biopsy/methods ; Biopsy/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Rectum ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology

المؤلفون: González R; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: raquel.gonzalez@isglobal.org., Nhampossa T; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique; Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Ministério de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique., Mombo-Ngoma G; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Center for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I Dept of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany., Mischlinger J; Center for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I Dept of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany., Esen M; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany; Institut für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, Tübingen, Germany., Tchouatieu AM; Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland., Mendes A; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique., Figueroa-Romero A; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain., Zoleko-Manego R; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon., Lell B; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon; Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Lagler H; Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria., Stoeger L; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain., Dimessa LB; Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon., El Gaaloul M; Medicines for Malaria Venture, Geneva, Switzerland., Sanz S; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain; Department of Basic Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Méndez S; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Piqueras M; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Sevene E; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique; Department of Physiological Science, Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique., Ramharter M; Center for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I Dept of Medicine University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany., Saúte F; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique., Menendez C; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Manhiça, Mozambique; Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Madrid, Spain.

مؤلفون مشاركون: MAMAH study group

المصدر: The Lancet. Infectious diseases [Lancet Infect Dis] 2024 May; Vol. 24 (5), pp. 476-487. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 12.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101130150 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1474-4457 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14733099 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Lancet Infect Dis Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Quinolines*/therapeutic use , Quinolines*/administration & dosage , Quinolines*/adverse effects , Artemisinins*/therapeutic use , Artemisinins*/administration & dosage , Artemisinins*/adverse effects , Antimalarials*/therapeutic use , Antimalarials*/administration & dosage , Antimalarials*/adverse effects , HIV Infections*/complications , Malaria*/prevention & control , Malaria*/drug therapy , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/administration & dosage , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/therapeutic use , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/adverse effects , Piperazines*, Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Mozambique/epidemiology ; Double-Blind Method ; Adult ; Gabon/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/prevention & control ; Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; Drug Combinations

المؤلفون: Kato H; Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan; Division of Clinical Medical Science, Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan. Electronic address: hkato59@med.mie-u.ac.jp., Hagihara M; Department of Molecular Epidemiology and Biomedical Sciences, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan., Asai N; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan., Mikamo H; Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan., Iwamoto T; Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital, Tsu, Mie, Japan; Division of Clinical Medical Science, Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan.

المصدر: International journal of antimicrobial agents [Int J Antimicrob Agents] 2024 May; Vol. 63 (5), pp. 107151. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 19.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishers Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9111860 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-7913 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09248579 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Antimicrob Agents Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Pneumonia, Pneumocystis*/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis*/drug therapy , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/therapeutic use , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/adverse effects , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/administration & dosage , Hyperkalemia*/prevention & control , Pneumocystis carinii*, Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Retrospective Studies ; Infant ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Infant, Newborn ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/etiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects ; Antibiotic Prophylaxis

المؤلفون: Butterhoff MH; 1Tergooi Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Hilversum, Netherlands., Derijks HJ; 1Tergooi Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Hilversum, Netherlands., Hermens W; 1Tergooi Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Hilversum, Netherlands., van der Linden PD; 1Tergooi Medical Center, Department of Pharmacy, Hilversum, Netherlands.

المصدر: The Senior care pharmacist [Sr Care Pharm] 2024 Jul 01; Vol. 39 (7), pp. 259-266.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Observational Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: American Society of Consultant Pharmacists Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101737969 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2639-9636 (Print) Linking ISSN: 26399636 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sr Care Pharm Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Hyperkalemia*/chemically induced , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/adverse effects , Hospitalization*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Diuretics, Potassium Sparing/adverse effects ; Diuretics, Potassium Sparing/therapeutic use ; Cohort Studies ; Aged, 80 and over ; Potassium/blood ; Adult

المؤلفون: Marvin JE; Department of Pharmacy, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT., McSweeney T; Department of Pharmacy, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY., Cohen E; Department of Pharmacy, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT., Davis MW; Department of Pharmacy, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT., Belfield K; Department of Pharmacy, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT., Do V; Department of Pharmacy, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT., Virmani S; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT., McManus D; Department of Pharmacy, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT., Tirmizi S; Department of Pharmacy, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT., Topal JE; Department of Pharmacy, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT.; Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.

المصدر: Transplantation [Transplantation] 2024 Jul 01; Vol. 108 (7), pp. e150-e151. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 21.

نوع المنشور: Letter; Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0132144 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1534-6080 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00411337 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Transplantation Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Kidney Transplantation*/adverse effects , COVID-19*/epidemiology , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination*/therapeutic use , Nocardia Infections*/drug therapy , Nocardia Infections*/diagnosis , Nocardia Infections*/epidemiology , Nocardia Infections*/immunology, Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Transplant Recipients ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Immunosuppressive Agents/adverse effects