المؤلفون: Watterberg, KL, Fernandez, E, Walsh, MC, Truog, WE, Stoll, BJ, Sokol, GM, Kennedy, KA, Fraga, MV, Beauman, SS, Carper, B, Das, A, Duncan, AF, Buss, WF, Gauldin, C, Lacy, CB, Sanchez, PJ, Chawla, S, Lakshminrusimha, S, Cotten, CM, Van Meurs, KP, Poindexter, BB, Bell, EF, Carlo, WA, Devaskar, U, Wyckoff, MH, Higgins, RD

المصدر: Journal of Perinatology. 37(11)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Clinical Research, Infant Mortality, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Pediatric, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Cardiotonic Agents, Critical Illness, Double-Blind Method, Early Termination of Clinical Trials, Heart Defects, Congenital, Heart Failure, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Informed Consent, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Patient Selection, Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Pediatrics

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/83d659mn

المؤلفون: Levin JC; Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Jonathan.Levin@childrens.harvard.edu., Kielt MJ; Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA., Hayden LP; Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Conroy S; Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA., Truog WE; Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA., Guaman MC; Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA., Abman SH; Children's Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA., Nelin LD; Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA., Rosen RL; Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA., Leeman KT; Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

المصدر: Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association [J Perinatol] 2024 Feb; Vol. 44 (2), pp. 307-313. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jan 13.

نوع المنشور: Multicenter Study; Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8501884 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-5543 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07438346 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Perinatol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia*/therapy , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia*/complications , Infant, Premature*, Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Cohort Studies ; Gestational Age ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Retrospective Studies

المؤلفون: Cristea AI; Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana., Tracy MC; Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California., Bauer SE; Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana., Guaman MC; Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas., Welty SE; Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington., Baker CD; Department of Pediatrics-Pulmonary Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado., Bhombal S; Department of Pediatrics, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, California., Collaco JM; Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland., Courtney SE; Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansa., DiGeronimo RJ; Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington., Eldredge LC; Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington., Gibbs K; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania., Hayden LP; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Keszler M; Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island., Lai K; Department of Pediatrics, Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah., McGrath-Morrow SA; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania., Moore PE; Division of Pediatric Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee., Rose R; Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana., Sindelar R; Division of Neonatology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Truog WE; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri., Nelin LD; Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio., Abman S; Department of Pediatrics-Pulmonary Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado.

مؤلفون مشاركون: BPD Collaborative

المصدر: American journal of perinatology [Am J Perinatol] 2024 May; Vol. 41 (S 01), pp. e536-e544. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Dec 07.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Multicenter Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Thieme-Stratton Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8405212 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1098-8785 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07351631 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Perinatol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia*/therapy , Patient Care Team*/organization & administration , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal*, Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Ambulatory Care ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States

المؤلفون: Hammond JD 2nd; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX. Electronic address: james.hammond@choc.org., Kielt MJ; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH., Conroy S; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH., Lingappan K; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA., Austin ED; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN., Eldredge LC; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA., Truog WE; Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO., Abman SH; University of Colorado at Denver, Denver, CO., Nelin LD; Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH., Guaman MC; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX.

المصدر: Chest [Chest] 2024 Mar; Vol. 165 (3), pp. 610-620. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 24.

نوع المنشور: Multicenter Study; Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0231335 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1931-3543 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00123692 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Chest Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia*/diagnosis, Infant, Newborn ; Infant ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Risk Factors ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Gestational Age

المؤلفون: Keller, Roberta, Black, Dennis, Ballard, Philip, Ballard, Roberta, Keller, RL, Merrill, JD, Black, DM, Steinhorn, RH, Eichenwald, EC, Durand, DJ, Ryan, RM, Truog, WE, Courtney, SE, Ballard, PL

URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99g7p0dv

المؤلفون: Posencheg, MA, Gow, AJ, Truog, WE, Ballard, RA, Cnaan, A, Golombek, SG, Ballard, PL

المصدر: Journal of Perinatology. 30(4)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Paediatrics, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Pediatric, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Clinical Research, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Lung, Infant Mortality, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Good Health and Well Being, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Gestational Age, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Nitrates, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, Respiratory Therapy, Trachea, nitrite, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, NO CLD trial, NO CLD Investigators, Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Pediatrics

وصف الملف: application/pdf

URL الوصول: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bt0n44d

المؤلفون: Mikhael M; Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA., Cleary JP; Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Division, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA., Zaniletti I; Children's Hospital Association, Lenexa, Kansas, USA., Truog WE; Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA., Ibrahim J; Division of Newborn Medicine, Magee-Women's Hospital of UPMC/Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA., DiGeronimo R; Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA., Cuna A; Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri, USA., Kielt MJ; Division of Neonatology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA., Coghill CH; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA., Vyas-Read S; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Yallapragada S; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA., Engle WA; Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA., Savani RC; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA., Murthy K; Department of Pediatrics, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA., Lagatta JM; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA.

مؤلفون مشاركون: Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium (CHNC) Severe BPD Focus Group

المصدر: Pediatric pulmonology [Pediatr Pulmonol] 2022 Sep; Vol. 57 (9), pp. 2082-2091. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 25.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Liss Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8510590 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1099-0496 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10990496 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr Pulmonol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Intensive Care, Neonatal* , Lung Diseases*/epidemiology , Lung Diseases*/etiology , Lung Diseases*/therapy, Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Hospitals, Pediatric ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Retrospective Studies

المؤلفون: Feldman K; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Health Services and Outcomes Research, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA., Nitkin CR; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA., Cuna A; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA., Oschman A; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA., Truog WE; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA., Norberg M; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA., Nyp M; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA., Taylor JB; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, UPMC - Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA., Lewis T; Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.

المصدر: Pediatric pulmonology [Pediatr Pulmonol] 2022 Jul; Vol. 57 (7), pp. 1760-1769. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 May 16.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Liss Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8510590 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1099-0496 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10990496 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr Pulmonol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia*/drug therapy , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia*/epidemiology , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia*/etiology, Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; Dexamethasone/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Pilot Projects ; Retrospective Studies

المؤلفون: Cuna A; Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA. accuna@cmh.edu.; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA. accuna@cmh.edu.; Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA. accuna@cmh.edu., Quiqley A; School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA., Varghese K; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA., Ciccolari-Micaldi G; School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA., Oliveros C; Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA., Cheng AL; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA., Norberg M; Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.; Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA., Truog WE; Division of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.; School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.; Center for Infant Pulmonary Disorders, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.

المصدر: Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association [J Perinatol] 2021 Aug; Vol. 41 (8), pp. 1956-1962. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jun 08.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8501884 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1476-5543 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07438346 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Perinatol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia*/drug therapy, Dexamethasone/adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Retrospective Studies

المؤلفون: Watterberg KL; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Walsh MC; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Li L; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Chawla S; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., D'Angio CT; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Goldberg RN; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Hintz SR; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Laughon MM; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Yoder BA; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Kennedy KA; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., McDavid GE; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Backstrom-Lacy C; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Das A; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Crawford MM; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Keszler M; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Sokol GM; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Poindexter BB; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Ambalavanan N; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Hibbs AM; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Truog WE; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Schmidt B; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Wyckoff MH; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Khan AM; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Garg M; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Chess PR; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Reynolds AM; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Moallem M; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Bell EF; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Meyer LR; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Patel RM; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Van Meurs KP; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Cotten CM; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., McGowan EC; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Hines AC; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Merhar S; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Peralta-Carcelen M; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Wilson-Costello DE; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Kilbride HW; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., DeMauro SB; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Heyne RJ; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Mosquera RA; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Natarajan G; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Purdy IB; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Lowe JR; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Maitre NL; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Harmon HM; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Hogden LA; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Adams-Chapman I; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Winter S; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Malcolm WF; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.)., Higgins RD; From the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque (K.L.W., C.B.-L., J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (M.C.W., A.M.H., D.E.W.-C.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (B.B.P., S.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus (M.M., N.L.M.) - all in Ohio; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Research Triangle Park (L.L.), the Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham (R.N.G., C.M.C., W.F.M.), and the Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (M.M.L.) - all in North Carolina; the Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University (S.C., G.N.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University (S.C.) - both in Detroit; the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester (C.T.D., P.R.C.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Buffalo Women's and Children's Hospital of Buffalo, Buffalo (A.M.R.) - both in New York; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto (S.R.H., K.P.V.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles (M.G., I.B.P.) - both in California; the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (B.A.Y., S.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston (K.A.K., G.E.M., A.M.K., R.A.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (M.H.W., R.J.H.) - both in Texas; the Social, Statistical, and Environmental Sciences Unit, RTI International, Rockville (A.D., M.M.C.), and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda (R.D.H.) - both in Maryland; the Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, Providence, RI (M.K., E.C.M.); the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (G.M.S., A.C.H.); Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta (B.B.P., R.M.P., N.L.M., I.A.-C.); the Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham (N.A., M.P.-C.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO (W.E.T., H.W.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (B.S., S.B.D.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City (E.F.B., H.M.H.); the Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (L.R.M., L.A.H.); and the College of Health and Human Services, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (R.D.H.).

مؤلفون مشاركون: Eunice Kennedy Shriver NICHD Neonatal Research Network

المصدر: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2022 Mar 24; Vol. 386 (12), pp. 1121-1131.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Infant, Premature*, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/*prevention & control , Glucocorticoids/*therapeutic use , Hydrocortisone/*therapeutic use, Airway Extubation ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/epidemiology ; Double-Blind Method ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucocorticoids/administration & dosage ; Glucocorticoids/adverse effects ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/administration & dosage ; Hydrocortisone/adverse effects ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/epidemiology ; Neurodevelopmental Disorders/prevention & control ; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy ; Respiration, Artificial