المؤلفون: Brandsema JF; Division of Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania., Ginsberg M; Department of Neurology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Ohio., Hoshino H; Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Mimaki M; Department of Pediatrics, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Nagata S; Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Rao VK; Division of Neurology, Lurie Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois., Ruzhansky K; Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina., Suresh N; Department of Neurology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida., Tiongson E; Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California., Yamanouchi H; Department of Pediatrics, Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan., Frick G; Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address: Glen.Frick@alexion.com., Hicks E; Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Boston, Massachusetts., Liao S; Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Boston, Massachusetts., Howard JF Jr; Department of Neurology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

مؤلفون مشاركون: MG 303 Study Group

المصدر: Pediatric neurology [Pediatr Neurol] 2024 Jul; Vol. 156, pp. 198-207. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 26.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Clinical Trial, Phase III

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Science Publishing Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8508183 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-5150 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08878994 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pediatr Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/pharmacology , Myasthenia Gravis*/drug therapy , Complement Inactivating Agents*/administration & dosage , Complement Inactivating Agents*/pharmacology, Humans ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Treatment Outcome ; Quality of Life ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care

المؤلفون: Stea ED; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Nephrology and Urology Units, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy., D'Ettorre G; Nephrology Unit, 'S.S. Annunziata' Hospital, Taranto, Italy., Mitrotti A; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Nephrology and Urology Units, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy., Gesualdo L; Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), Nephrology and Urology Units, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy. Electronic address: loreto.gesualdo@uniba.it.

المصدر: European journal of internal medicine [Eur J Intern Med] 2024 Jun; Vol. 124, pp. 22-31. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 08.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9003220 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0828 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09536205 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Intern Med Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Complement Activation* , Complement System Proteins*/immunology , Disease Progression* , Kidney Diseases*/immunology , Kidney Diseases*/etiology , Complement Inactivating Agents*/therapeutic use , Complement Inactivating Agents*/pharmacology, Humans ; Animals ; Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/immunology ; Glomerulonephritis/immunology

المؤلفون: Wei Y; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China., Guo J; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China., Meng T; Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China., Gao T; Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China., Mai Y; School of Science and Technology Centers, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China., Zuo W; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China., Yang J; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.

المصدر: Journal of drug targeting [J Drug Target] 2024 Jun; Vol. 32 (5), pp. 485-498. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 21.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Informa Healthcare Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9312476 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1029-2330 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10267158 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Drug Target Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Autoimmune Diseases*/drug therapy , Autoimmune Diseases*/immunology , Complement Inactivating Agents*/administration & dosage , Complement Inactivating Agents*/pharmacology , Complement System Proteins*/immunology, Humans ; Animals ; Nanoparticles ; Complement Activation/drug effects ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Immunotherapy/methods

عنوان ترانسليتريتد: Komplementinhibitorentherapie bei geographischer Atrophie (GA): funktionelle und morphologische Wirksamkeit und relevante Biomarker in der klinischen Praxis.

المؤلفون: Schmidt-Erfurth U; Medizinische Universität Wien, Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde und Optometrie, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich. ursula.schmidt-erfurth@meduniwien.ac.at., Riedl S; Medizinische Universität Wien, Universitätsklinik für Augenheilkunde und Optometrie, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Wien, Österreich.

المصدر: Die Ophthalmologie [Ophthalmologie] 2024 Jun; Vol. 121 (6), pp. 476-481. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 30.

نوع المنشور: English Abstract; Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Medizin Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9918402288106676 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2731-7218 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2731720X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ophthalmologie Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Geographic Atrophy*/drug therapy , Geographic Atrophy*/metabolism , Tomography, Optical Coherence* , Biomarkers* , Complement Inactivating Agents*/therapeutic use , Complement Inactivating Agents*/pharmacology, Humans ; Treatment Outcome ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/pathology ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/diagnostic imaging ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/metabolism

المصدر: Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) [Retina] 2024 Sep 01; Vol. 44 (9S), pp. S1-S8.

نوع المنشور: Editorial; Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8309919 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1539-2864 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0275004X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Retina Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Complement Inactivating Agents*/therapeutic use , Complement Inactivating Agents*/adverse effects , Geographic Atrophy*/drug therapy , Geographic Atrophy*/diagnosis, Humans

المؤلفون: Scheinberg P; Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo, Brazil., Clé DV; Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil., Kim JS; Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, South Korea., Nur E; Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Yenerel MN; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey., Barcellini W; Hematology Unit, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy., Bonito D; CEPHO/Faculty of Medicine of ABC, São Paulo, Brazil., Giai V; Department of Hematology and Oncology, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy., Hus M; Department of Hemato Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland., Lee Y; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea., Lekue CB; Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain., Panse J; Department of Oncology, Hematology, Hemostaseology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.; Centre for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cologne, Germany., Ueda Y; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan., Buatois S; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland., Gentile B; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA., Kiialainen A; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland., Patel H; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA., Sreckovic S; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA., Uguen M; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland., Edwards J; Indiana Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA., Nagy Z; Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary., Kulasekararaj AG; Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK.; National Institute for Health Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility and King's College London, London, UK.

المصدر: American journal of hematology [Am J Hematol] 2024 Sep; Vol. 99 (9), pp. 1757-1767. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 25.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Clinical Trial, Phase III; Multicenter Study; Comparative Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7610369 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-8652 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03618609 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Hematol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal*/drug therapy , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/administration & dosage , Complement Inactivating Agents*/therapeutic use , Complement Inactivating Agents*/adverse effects , Complement Inactivating Agents*/administration & dosage, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged ; Complement C5/antagonists & inhibitors ; Treatment Outcome

المؤلفون: Röth A; Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany., He G; Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing, China., Tong H; Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China., Lin Z; Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China., Wang X; Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China., Chai-Adisaksopha C; Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand., Lee JH; Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Brodsky A; Hematology Division, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Hantaweepant C; Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand., Dumagay TE; Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital, Manila, Philippines., Demichelis-Gómez R; Department of Hematology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico., Rojnuckarin P; Center of Excellence in Translational Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand., Sun J; Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China., Höglund M; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden., Jang JH; Department of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea., Gaya A; Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain., Silva F; Hematology Department, Centro Hospitalar do Baixo Vouga, Aveiro, Portugal., Obara N; Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan., Kelly RJ; Division of Haematology and Immunology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK., Beveridge L; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA., Buatois S; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland., Chebon S; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland., Gentile B; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA., Lundberg P; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland., Sreckovic S; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA., Nishimura JI; Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan., Risitano A; Hematology and BMT Unit, AORN San Giuseppe Moscati, Avellino, Italy., Han B; Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking, China.

المصدر: American journal of hematology [Am J Hematol] 2024 Sep; Vol. 99 (9), pp. 1768-1777. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 17.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Clinical Trial, Phase III; Randomized Controlled Trial; Multicenter Study; Comparative Study

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7610369 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-8652 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03618609 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Hematol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal*/drug therapy , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/administration & dosage , Complement Inactivating Agents*/therapeutic use , Complement Inactivating Agents*/adverse effects, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Hemolysis/drug effects ; Complement C5/antagonists & inhibitors ; Aged

المؤلفون: Watanabe-Kusunoki K; Renal Division, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians (LMU) University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany; Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan., Anders HJ; Renal Division, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians (LMU) University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany. Electronic address: hjanders@med.uni-muenchen.de.

المصدر: Journal of autoimmunity [J Autoimmun] 2024 May; Vol. 145, pp. 103216. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 28.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8812164 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9157 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08968411 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Autoimmun Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Complement Inactivating Agents*/therapeutic use , Complement Inactivating Agents*/adverse effects , Complement System Proteins*/immunology , Complement System Proteins*/metabolism , Complement Activation*/drug effects, Humans ; Animals ; Treatment Outcome ; Glomerulonephritis/drug therapy ; Glomerulonephritis/immunology

المؤلفون: Tokuyasu D; Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Suzuki S; Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Uzawa A; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan., Nagane Y; Department of Neurology, Hanamaki General Hospital, Hanamaki, Japan., Masuda M; Department of Neurology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan., Konno S; Department of Neurology, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan., Kubota T; Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan., Samukawa M; Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Sayama, Japan., Sugimoto T; Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan., Ishizuchi K; Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Oyama M; Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan., Yasuda M; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan., Akamine H; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan., Onishi Y; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan., Suzuki Y; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan., Kawaguchi N; Department of Neurology, Neurology Chiba Clinic, Chiba, Japan., Minami N; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Hokkaido Medical Center, Sapporo, Japan., Kimura T; Department of Neurology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, Japan., Takahashi MP; Department of Clinical Laboratory and Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan., Murai H; Department of Neurology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan., Utsugisawa K; Department of Neurology, Hanamaki General Hospital, Hanamaki, Japan.

المصدر: Annals of clinical and translational neurology [Ann Clin Transl Neurol] 2024 May; Vol. 11 (5), pp. 1338-1346. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 04.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wiley Periodicals, Inc on behalf of American Neurological Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101623278 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2328-9503 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23289503 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Clin Transl Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Myasthenia Gravis*/drug therapy , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/pharmacology , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized*/therapeutic use , Complement Inactivating Agents*/administration & dosage , Complement Inactivating Agents*/pharmacology, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Drug Substitution ; Registries ; Japan

المؤلفون: Peffault de Latour R; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Röth A; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Kulasekararaj AG; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Han B; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Scheinberg P; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Maciejewski JP; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Ueda Y; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., de Castro CM; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Di Bona E; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Fu R; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Zhang L; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Griffin M; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Langemeijer SMC; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Panse J; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Schrezenmeier H; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Barcellini W; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Mauad VAQ; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Schafhausen P; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Tavitian S; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Beggiato E; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Chew LP; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Gaya A; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Huang WH; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Jang JH; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Kitawaki T; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Kutlar A; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Notaro R; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Pullarkat V; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Schubert J; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Terriou L; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Uchiyama M; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Wong Lee Lee L; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Yap ES; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Sicre de Fontbrune F; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Marano L; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Alashkar F; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Gandhi S; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Trikha R; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Yang C; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Liu H; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Kelly RJ; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Höchsmann B; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Kerloeguen C; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Banerjee P; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Levitch R; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Kumar R; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Wang Z; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Thorburn C; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Maitra S; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Li S; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Verles A; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Dahlke M; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.)., Risitano AM; From the Hematology and Transplant Unit, French Reference Center for Aplastic Anemia and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Saint-Louis Hospital (R.P.L., F.S.F.), and Université de Paris (R.P.L.), Paris, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse (S.T.), and CHU Lille, Université de Lille, Lille (L.T.) - all in France; the Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen (A.R., F.A.), the Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, and the Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf, Aachen (J.P.), the University of Ulm, the Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics, German Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, and University Hospital Ulm, Ulm (H.S., B. Höchsmann), the Department of Oncology, Hematology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Section of Pneumology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg (P. Schafhausen), and Elblandklinikum Riesa, Riesa (J.S.) - all in Germany; King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (A.G.K., S.G., R.T.), the National Institute for Health and Care Research and Wellcome King's Clinical Research Facility (A.G.K.), King's College London (A.G.K.), and Novartis Pharmaceuticals (C.T.), London, and St. James's University Hospital, Leeds (M.G., R.J.K.) - all in the United Kingdom; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing (B. Han, C.Y.), the Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (R.F., H.L.), and the Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (L.Z.), Tianjin, and China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai (Z.W., S.L.) - all in China; the Division of Hematology, Hospital A Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo (P. Scheinberg), and ABC Medical School, Santo André (V.A.Q.M.) - both in Brazil; the Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (J.P.M.); Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita (Y.U.), Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto (T.K.), and Japanese Red Cross Society Suwa Hospital, Suwa (M.U.) - all in Japan; Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC (C.M.C.); Unità Operativa Complessa Oncoematologia, AULSS7 Pedemontana, Bassano del Grappa (E.D.B.), Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (W.B.), Division of Hematology, University of Turin, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin (E.B.), Instituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica, and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence (R.N.), AORN Moscati, Avellino (L.M., A.M.R.), and University of Naples Federico II, Naples (A.M.R.) - all in Italy; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (S.M.C.L.); the Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Umum Sarawak, Kuching (L.P.C.), and the Hematology Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kota Kinabalu (L.W.L.L.) - both in Malaysia; Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (A.G.) and the Severe Aplastic Anemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (R.P.L., A.G.K., M.G., W.B., S.T., L.T., F.S.F., L.M., A.M.R.) - both in Barcelona; the Department of Hematology and Oncology and the Department of Clinical Pathology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, the Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, and the Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan (W.-H.H.); the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea (J.H.J.); Medical College of Georgia, Augusta (A.K.); City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (V.P.); the Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore (E.-S.Y.); Novartis Pharma (C.K., R.L., M.D.) and Novartis BioMedical Research (A.V.) - both in Basel, Switzerland; and Novartis Healthcare Private, Hyderabad, India (P.B., R.K., S.M.).

المصدر: The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2024 Mar 14; Vol. 390 (11), pp. 994-1008.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Anemia, Hemolytic*/complications , Complement Factor B*/antagonists & inhibitors , Complement Inactivating Agents*/administration & dosage , Complement Inactivating Agents*/adverse effects , Complement Inactivating Agents*/therapeutic use , Hemoglobins*/analysis , Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal*/drug therapy , Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal*/etiology, Humans ; Administration, Oral ; Complement C5/antagonists & inhibitors ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Headache/chemically induced ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic