المؤلفون: Leite G; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Rezaie A; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Morales W; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Weitsman S; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA., de Freitas Germano J; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Barlow GM; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Parodi G; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Pimentel ML; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Villanueva-Millan MJ; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Sanchez M; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Ayyad S; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Mathur R; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA.; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA., Pimentel M; Medically Associated Science and Technology Program, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA. mark.pimentel@cshs.org.; Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai, Los Angeles, CA, USA. mark.pimentel@cshs.org.

المصدر: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2024 Aug 05; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 18140. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Aug 05.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Rifaximin*/pharmacology , Rifaximin*/therapeutic use , Acetylcysteine*/pharmacology , Acetylcysteine*/administration & dosage , Escherichia coli*/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal* , Diarrhea*/drug therapy , Diarrhea*/microbiology , Irritable Bowel Syndrome*/drug therapy , Irritable Bowel Syndrome*/microbiology, Animals ; Rats ; Male ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Drug Therapy, Combination

المؤلفون: Sun B; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China., Xie W; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China., Li X; Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China., Liu T; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China., Bai J; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China., Yao Y; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China., Ma L; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China. Electronic address: malong@tust.edu.cn., Man S; State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China. Electronic address: msl@tust.edu.cn.

المصدر: International journal of biological macromolecules [Int J Biol Macromol] 2024 Aug; Vol. 275 (Pt 1), pp. 133582. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Jun 30.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7909578 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0003 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Biol Macromol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Inulin*/pharmacology , Colonic Neoplasms*/drug therapy , Colonic Neoplasms*/pathology , Colonic Neoplasms*/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms*/drug therapy , Lung Neoplasms*/pathology , Lung Neoplasms*/metabolism , Lung Neoplasms*/secondary , Bile Acids and Salts*/metabolism , Rifaximin*/pharmacology , Rifaximin*/therapeutic use, Animals ; Mice ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Male ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

المؤلفون: Arayici PP; Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical, Department of Bioengineering, 34210 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey; Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: pelinnpelit@gmail.com., Coksu I; Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical, Department of Bioengineering, 34210 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey., Ozbek T; Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 34220 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey., Acar S; Yildiz Technical University, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical, Department of Bioengineering, 34210 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.

المصدر: Biomaterials advances [Biomater Adv] 2024 Jul; Vol. 161, pp. 213862. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 16.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier B.V Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9918383886206676 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2772-9508 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 27729508 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biomater Adv Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer*/chemistry , Rifaximin*/pharmacology , Rifaximin*/chemistry , Nanoparticles*/chemistry , Staphylococcus aureus*/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/administration & dosage , Staphylococcal Infections*/drug therapy, Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Humans ; Rifamycins/pharmacology ; Rifamycins/chemistry ; Rifamycins/administration & dosage ; Animals ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Drug Carriers/chemistry

المؤلفون: Maharshi S; Department of Gastroenterology, SMS Medical College and Hospitals, Jaipur, India., Sharma BC; Department of Gastroenterology, G.B. Pant Hospital, Room No. 201, Academic Block, New Delhi, 110002, India. drbcsharma@hotmail.com.

المصدر: Hepatology international [Hepatol Int] 2024 Aug; Vol. 18 (4), pp. 1096-1109. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 16.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101304009 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1936-0541 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19360533 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Hepatol Int Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Hepatic Encephalopathy*/prevention & control , Hepatic Encephalopathy*/drug therapy , Lactulose*/therapeutic use , Rifaximin*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; Liver Transplantation ; Secondary Prevention/methods ; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/therapeutic use ; Primary Prevention/methods ; Dipeptides

المؤلفون: Kong X; Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China., Luo S; Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China., Wu SY; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China., Zhang J; Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China., Yang GF; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China., Lu GM; Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China., Zhang LJ; Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

المصدر: Brain and behavior [Brain Behav] 2024 Jul; Vol. 14 (7), pp. e3621.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101570837 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2162-3279 (Electronic) NLM ISO Abbreviation: Brain Behav Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Hepatic Encephalopathy*/drug therapy , Hepatic Encephalopathy*/diagnostic imaging , Hepatic Encephalopathy*/metabolism , Rifaximin*/pharmacology , Lactulose*/pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley*, Animals ; Rats ; Male ; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography ; Disease Models, Animal ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases/drug therapy ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Gastrointestinal Agents/pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Agents/administration & dosage ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Fluorine Radioisotopes ; Carrier Proteins ; Receptors, GABA-A

المؤلفون: Kebede V; Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy., Ravizza T; Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy., Balosso S; Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy., Di Sapia R; Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy., Canali L; Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy., Soldi S; AAT Advanced Analytical Technologies Srl, Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy., Galletti S; AAT Advanced Analytical Technologies Srl, Fiorenzuola d'Arda (PC), Italy., Papazlatani C; Dept. Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Thessaly Biopolis, Larissa, Greece., Karas PA; Dept. Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Thessaly Biopolis, Larissa, Greece., Vasileiadis S; Dept. Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of Thessaly Biopolis, Larissa, Greece., Sforzini A; Corporate R&D, Alfasigma S.p.A., Pomezia (Rome), Italy., Pasetto L; Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy., Bonetto V; Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy., Vezzani A; Department of Acute Brain and Cardiovascular Injury, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy. Electronic address: annamaria.vezzani@marionegri.it., Vesci L; Corporate R&D, Alfasigma S.p.A., Pomezia (Rome), Italy. Electronic address: loredana.vesci@alfasigma.com.

المصدر: Brain, behavior, and immunity [Brain Behav Immun] 2024 Jul; Vol. 119, pp. 363-380. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 10.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8800478 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1090-2139 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 08891591 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Brain Behav Immun Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Rifaximin*/therapeutic use , Rifaximin*/pharmacology , Gastrointestinal Microbiome*/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal* , Mice, Inbred C57BL* , Seizures*/drug therapy , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe*/drug therapy, Animals ; Mice ; Male ; Status Epilepticus/drug therapy ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/metabolism ; Hippocampus/drug effects ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Hippocampus/pathology ; Epilepsy/drug therapy

المؤلفون: Lacy BE; Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA., Gagnon-Sanschagrin P; Analysis Group, Inc., 1190 Avenue Des Canadiens-de-Montréal, Suite 1500, Montréal, QC, H3B 0G7, Canada., Heimanson Z; Salix Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater Township, NJ, USA., Bungay R; Analysis Group, Inc., 1190 Avenue Des Canadiens-de-Montréal, Suite 1500, Montréal, QC, H3B 0G7, Canada. Rebecca.Bungay@analysisgroup.com., Bellefleur R; Analysis Group, Inc., 1190 Avenue Des Canadiens-de-Montréal, Suite 1500, Montréal, QC, H3B 0G7, Canada., Guérin A; Analysis Group, Inc., 1190 Avenue Des Canadiens-de-Montréal, Suite 1500, Montréal, QC, H3B 0G7, Canada., Bumpass B; Bausch Health, Bridgewater Township, NJ, USA., Borroto D; Bausch Health, Bridgewater Township, NJ, USA., Joseph G; Bausch Health, Bridgewater Township, NJ, USA.; BioNTech US Inc., 40 Erie St, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA., Dashputre AA; Bausch Health, Bridgewater Township, NJ, USA.

المصدر: Advances in therapy [Adv Ther] 2024 Jun; Vol. 41 (6), pp. 2253-2266. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 15.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Health Communications Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8611864 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1865-8652 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0741238X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Adv Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Irritable Bowel Syndrome*/drug therapy , Irritable Bowel Syndrome*/economics , Rifaximin*/therapeutic use , Diarrhea*/drug therapy , Diarrhea*/economics , Gastrointestinal Agents*/therapeutic use , Gastrointestinal Agents*/economics , Health Care Costs*/statistics & numerical data, Humans ; Adult ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; Phenylalanine/therapeutic use ; Phenylalanine/analogs & derivatives ; Phenylalanine/economics ; United States ; Retrospective Studies ; Imidazoles

المؤلفون: Elsabaawy MM; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt., Assem M; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt.; Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Bisha University, Saudi Arabia., Badran H; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt., Mahmoud A; Internal medicine Department, Banha Teaching Hospital, Banha., Elsabaawy D; Clinical Pharmacy Department, Pharmacy College, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt., Ragab A; Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt.

المصدر: European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology [Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol] 2024 Aug 01; Vol. 36 (8), pp. 1022-1028. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 27.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Lippincott Williams And Wilkins Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9000874 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1473-5687 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0954691X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Rifaximin*/therapeutic use , Quality of Life* , Midodrine*/therapeutic use , Midodrine*/adverse effects , Liver Cirrhosis*/complications , Liver Cirrhosis*/mortality , Liver Cirrhosis*/drug therapy , Rifamycins*/therapeutic use , Rifamycins*/adverse effects, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Adult ; Ascites/etiology ; Ascites/drug therapy ; Ascites/mortality ; Hepatic Encephalopathy/drug therapy ; Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology ; Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Peritonitis/mortality ; Time Factors

المؤلفون: Ahmed Z; Department of Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH., Gangwani MK; Department of Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH., Iqbal U; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geisenger Medical Center, Danville, PA., Kazi AI; Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan., Arif SF; Department of Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan., Priyanka F; Department of Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH., Lee-Smith W; Depatment of Toledo Libraries, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH., Aziz M; Department of Medicine, University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH., Jaber F; Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas, MO., Dahiya DS; Department of Gastroenterology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, MO., Ali H; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, East Carolina University Health, Greenville, NC., Inamdar S; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Texarkana, AR., Confer B; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geisenger Medical Center, Danville, PA.

المصدر: American journal of therapeutics [Am J Ther] 2024 Jul-Aug 01; Vol. 31 (4), pp. e511-e514. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 29.

نوع المنشور: Letter; Meta-Analysis; Systematic Review

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9441347 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1536-3686 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10752765 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Am J Ther Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Esophageal and Gastric Varices*/prevention & control , Esophageal and Gastric Varices*/etiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage*/prevention & control , Rifaximin*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis/complications ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome

المؤلفون: Twohig PA; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982000 Medical Center Drive, Omaha, NE, 68198-2000, USA. patwohig@gmail.com., Peeraphatdit TB; Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 982000 Medical Center Drive, Omaha, NE, 68198-2000, USA., Samson K; Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984375 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA., Schissel M; Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984375 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA., Smith L; Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984375 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA., Ashford A; Departments of Internal Medicine & Hospital Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA., Freese L; Departments of Internal Medicine & Hospital Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA., McCashland T; Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984375 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.

المصدر: Digestive diseases and sciences [Dig Dis Sci] 2024 Jun; Vol. 69 (6), pp. 1996-2007. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Apr 23.

نوع المنشور: Journal Article

بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Science + Business Media Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7902782 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2568 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01632116 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dig Dis Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

مواضيع طبية MeSH: Hepatic Encephalopathy*/therapy , Rifaximin*/therapeutic use, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Aged ; Lactulose/therapeutic use ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Gastrointestinal Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination