دورية أكاديمية
Conciliatory gestures promote forgiveness and reduce anger in humans.
| العنوان: | Conciliatory gestures promote forgiveness and reduce anger in humans. |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | McCullough ME; Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0751; mikem@miami.edu., Pedersen EJ; Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0751;, Tabak BA; Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0751;Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563; and., Carter EC; Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124-0751;Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108. |
| المصدر: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2014 Jul 29; Vol. 111 (30), pp. 11211-6. Date of Electronic Publication: 2014 Jul 14. |
| نوع المنشور: | Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Anger* , Cognition* , Forgiveness* , Gestures*, Adolescent ; Adult ; Aggression/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male |
| مستخلص: | Conflict is an inevitable component of social life, and natural selection has exerted strong effects on many organisms to facilitate victory in conflict and to deter conspecifics from imposing harms upon them. Like many species, humans likely possess cognitive systems whose function is to motivate revenge as a means of deterring individuals who have harmed them from harming them again in the future. However, many social relationships often retain value even after conflicts have occurred between interactants, so natural selection has very likely also endowed humans with cognitive systems whose function is to motivate reconciliation with transgressors whom they perceive as valuable and nonthreatening, notwithstanding their harmful prior actions. In a longitudinal study with 337 participants who had recently been harmed by a relationship partner, we found that conciliatory gestures (e.g., apologies, offers of compensation) were associated with increases in victims' perceptions of their transgressors' relationship value and reductions in perceptions of their transgressors' exploitation risk. In addition, conciliatory gestures appeared to accelerate forgiveness and reduce reactive anger via their intermediate effects on relationship value and exploitation risk. These results strongly suggest that conciliatory gestures facilitate forgiveness and reduce anger by modifying victims' perceptions of their transgressors' value as relationship partners and likelihood of recidivism. |
| References: | Psychol Methods. 2002 Jun;7(2):147-77. (PMID: 12090408) Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2012 Mar;38(3):345-56. (PMID: 22082532) Child Dev. 1993 Jun;64(3):897-908. (PMID: 8339702) Prev Sci. 2000 Dec;1(4):173-81. (PMID: 11523746) Psychol Bull. 2010 Sep;136(5):894-914. (PMID: 20804242) J Comp Psychol. 1997 Mar;111(1):91-9. (PMID: 9090139) J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006 Oct;74(5):887-97. (PMID: 17032093) Biol Lett. 2009 Dec 23;5(6):861-4. (PMID: 19793739) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 7;104(32):13046-50. (PMID: 17644612) Biol Lett. 2005 Dec 22;1(4):396-9. (PMID: 17148216) Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1989 May 22;236(1285):339-72. (PMID: 2567517) Psychol Methods. 2002 Mar;7(1):83-104. (PMID: 11928892) J Theor Biol. 1964 Jul;7(1):17-52. (PMID: 5875340) J Pers. 2012 Apr;80(2):503-36. (PMID: 21299562) Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999 Jun 30;882:119-27; discussion 128-34. (PMID: 10415890) J Behav Med. 2003 Oct;26(5):373-93. (PMID: 14593849) J Pers Soc Psychol. 1997 Aug;73(2):321-36. (PMID: 9248052) J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Mar;92(3):490-505. (PMID: 17352605) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Mar 13;104(11):4479-83. (PMID: 17360549) Behav Brain Sci. 2013 Feb;36(1):1-15. (PMID: 23211191) Biol Psychol. 2011 Jul;87(3):386-92. (PMID: 21596092) J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003 Mar;84(3):540-57. (PMID: 12635915) Int J Psychophysiol. 2000 Aug;37(2):207-17. (PMID: 10832007) Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2006 Oct;32(10):1389-401. (PMID: 16963609) Multivariate Behav Res. 2004 Jan 1;39(1):99. (PMID: 20157642) Emotion. 2010 Jun;10(3):358-76. (PMID: 20515225) Science. 2000 Jul 28;289(5479):586-90. (PMID: 10915614) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Sep 1;106(35):15073-8. (PMID: 19666613) |
| معلومات مُعتمدة: | R01 MH071258 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; T32 MH015750 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; R01MH071258 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: cooperation; evolutionary psychology; punishment |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20140716 Date Completed: 20141031 Latest Revision: 20240323 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240323 |
| مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC4121789 |
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.1405072111 |
| PMID: | 25024227 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
| تدمد: | 1091-6490 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.1405072111 |