دورية أكاديمية
Direct effects influence larval salamander size and density more than indirect effects.
| العنوان: | Direct effects influence larval salamander size and density more than indirect effects. |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Anderson TL; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. thander@siue.edu.; Department of Biology, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Box 1651, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, USA. thander@siue.edu., Ousterhout BH; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA., Rowland FE; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA., Drake DL; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA., Burkhart JJ; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA., Peterman WE; Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.; School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. |
| المصدر: | Oecologia [Oecologia] 2021 Jan; Vol. 195 (1), pp. 173-186. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Jan 02. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0150372 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1939 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00298549 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Oecologia Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Berlin ; New York, Springer. |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Ambystoma* , Urodela*, Animals ; Larva ; Missouri ; Population Density |
| مستخلص: | Direct and indirect effects both influence population and community dynamics. The relative strengths of these pathways are often compared using experimental approaches, but their evaluation in situ has been less frequent. We examined how individual and aggregate impacts of direct and indirect effects of species densities, proxies for competition and predation pressure, and habitat variables influenced patterns of larval density and body size of ringed (Ambystoma annulatum) and spotted salamanders (A. maculatum). We surveyed > 150 ponds in Missouri, USA, from 2012 to 2014 to measure the density and body size of each focal species, the density of co-occurring pond food web members, and select habitat features. We used structural equation modeling to quantify the relative importance of direct and indirect pathways on both body size and larval density. Overall, both responses were explained through a combination of direct and indirect effects. However, the magnitudes of direct effects were often greater than indirect effects. Some of the direct and indirect relationships with larval salamander size and density were also consistent with results from experimental studies. Finally, total direct and indirect effects were often weaker due to habitat and density variables negating each other's impacts. Overall, our study shows that direct effects were equivalent to, or more important than, indirect effects. We also demonstrate that the effects stemming from individual relationships can sum to produce net patterns that are negligible in magnitude. Further work on direct and indirect effects with observational data are needed to examine their magnitudes in natural communities. |
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| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Competition; Interaction chain; Mediation; Pond; Predation; Structural equation modeling |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20210102 Date Completed: 20210216 Latest Revision: 20210216 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20231215 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00442-020-04820-8 |
| PMID: | 33387008 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
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